2022-2023年考博英语-清华大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第5期

2022-2023年考博英语-清华大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the（ ）by various means.问题1选项A.flightB.plightC.delightD.twilight【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。flight 航班，航机；plight 境况，困境；delight 高兴，快乐；twilight 黄昏，黎明。plight放在此处比较适合, out of the plight意为“走出困境”。2. 单选题The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treatyfollowing its（ ）declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.问题1选项A.unanimousB.abstractC.autonomousD.almighty【答案】A【解析】固定用法。unanimous 意见一致的，无异议的；abstract 抽象的；autonomous 自治的；almighty 全能的。unanimous 与declaration 连用, 表示 达成一致的声明。3. 单选题Three years（ ）before he returned home from the United States.问题1选项A.denotedB.destinedC.elapsedD.enveloped【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。Denote 预示,代表;destine 注定;elapse消逝; envelop 遮盖，包围。 选项C放在Three years后面表示3年流逝了。4. 单选题The protests were part of their（ ）against the proposed building development in the area.问题1选项A.commissionB.commitmentC.conventionD.campaign【答案】D【解析】语义题。commission 授权，委托；commitment承诺，许诺，保证；convention 习俗，惯例。campaign 运动, 战役。根据句中protests，part of推测, D项campaign符合句意。5. 单选题Wed like to（ ）a table for five for dinner this evening.问题1选项A.preserveB.reserveC.sustainD.retain【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。preserve 保留; reserve 预订，预约; sustain 维持;retain 保持,持有。句意: 今晚我们想 一张五个人的餐桌。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题I would never have（ ） a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.问题1选项A.sought forB.accounted forC.turned upD.resorted to【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。resorted to 与a court搭配，意为诉诸法庭。7. 单选题The energy（ ）by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.问题1选项A.transferredB.releasedC.conveyedD.delivered【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。Transfer 转让, 转移; release 释放; convey 传达,运输; deliver 递送, 释放。句意: 链式反应 的能量被转化为热量。故B项符合句意。8. 单选题One of the main reasons is that the universitys（ ）attracts students and faculty staff all over the world.问题1选项A.fraudB.respondentC.misconductD.prestige【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。Fraud 欺诈; respondent （尤指离婚案的）被告；misconduct 不当行为; prestige 声望 。句意: 其中一个主要原因是大学的 吸引了全世界的学生和教职员工。故D项符合句意。9. 单选题As automation became popular in most factories, labor was made（ ）.问题1选项A.disincentiveB.redundantC.diverseD.discontent【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。disincentive 妨碍活动的；redundant 因人员过剩而被解雇的，多余的；diverse 不同的，多种多样的；discontent 不满的。句意: 随着自动化在大多数工厂的普及，劳动力被 了。因此B项符合句意。10. 单选题The speaker was very much（ ）by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall.问题1选项A.jerkedB.incensedC.lacedD.limped【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意，演讲者被rude words and behavior激怒。jerked 急推，猛推；incensed 激怒；laced 系牢，系紧；limped 跛行，句意:演讲者被粗鲁的言行 （ ）。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题It is required that during the process, great care has to be taken to protect the（ ）silk from damage.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.sensibleC.tenderD.delicate【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。sensitive 敏感的，易受影响的；sensible 明智的，合乎情理的；tender 脆弱的, 温柔的；delicate 娇弱的, 纤细的, 易碎的。句意: 在加工过程中，应注意保护 丝绸不受损坏。故D项符合句意。12. 单选题Bad traveling conditions had seriously （ ） their progress to their destination in thatregion.问题1选项A.tuggedB.demolishedC.hamperedD.destroyed【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。句意: 恶劣的旅行条件严重 （ ） 了他们到达该地区目的地的进程。tug 用力拖，拖拉；demolish 毁坏，破坏；hamper 妨碍，牵制；destroy 毁灭，消灭。C符合句意。13. 单选题Her talk at the seminar clearly（ ）from the topic the supervisor expected in the field ofsociology.问题1选项A.alternatedB.amplifiedC.designatedD.diverged【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的发言明显与领导期望的在社会学领域的主题（ ） 。Diverged from为固定搭配，意为“背道而驰；背离”。14. 单选题A（ ）plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.问题1选项A.deliberateB.disincentiveC.functionalD.fantastic【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。deliberate 深思熟虑的，预有准备的；disincentive 妨碍活动的；functional 功能的；fantastic 幻想的，奇异的。空格部分应与considered and accepted逻辑上对应。deliberate符合句意和逻辑。15. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write a composition of no less than 300 words under the title of “Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:1) Present situation about doing research online;2) Advantages for online research;3) Disadvantages for online research.【答案】Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online16. 单选题The two countries have developed a（ ）relation and increased a great deal in foreigntrade.问题1选项A.managerialB.lethalC.metricD.cordial【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。managerial 管理的；lethal 致命的；metric 米制的，公制的；cordial 热忱的，诚恳的。句意: 两国发展了（ ）关系，对外贸易增加了很多。只有cordial符合逻辑和句意。17. 单选题I can respect someone who is（ ）for their actions, but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger.问题1选项A.millenniumB.dominantC.accountableD.commercial【答案】C【解析】语义题。millennium 一千年，千禧年；dominant 占优势的，支配的；accountable 负有责任的；commercial 商业的，商务的。accountable符合要求。根据句中but一词推测, 空格出应填与always pointing the finger(总是指手画脚)反向的词。因此选C。18. 单选题There are over 6, 000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, its a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said, “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. Were teaching kids in the most incredible manner what its like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences. They also said, The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts. ” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33, 000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield. They also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them. ”Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3, 000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?1.Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?（ ）2.According to the investigators,（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that （ ）.4.The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that （ ）.问题1选项A.Those that teach how to fly an airplane.B.Those that teach the features of the earth.C.Those that help people use computer language.D.Those that teach computer technology.问题2选项A.the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take part in real violent actsB.the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other peopleC.most computer and online games make the players forget the real life resultsD.most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners问题3选项A.more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB.it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC.there are now more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence问题4选项A.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeB.computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC.there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real lifeD.other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C【解析】第1题:1.细节题。根据题干关键词educational and harmlessly entertaining定位到第一段。首段第三句 teaches geography, trains pilots 分别对应选项 B 和 A ；首段第五句 help young people to become more computer literate对应选项D，只有C项文中没有提到。2.细节题。文章第三段和第四段分别陈述了电子游戏和网络游戏所带来的负面影响。A、B、C项都是其表现，D项是前面选项的总结，即使青少年养成不良习惯。3.逻辑推理。文章通篇都在讲电子游戏和网络游戏对青少年以及社会的负面影响。4.细节题。根据题干关键词 “television advertising”定位至最后一段。举例是为了论证people are influenced by what they see（人们会受到所见内容的影响），也就是说，游戏会影响到人们的行为，暴力游戏可能让人有暴力倾向，因此C选项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:19. 单选题They have（ ）her unreasonable request for her annual salary.问题1选项A.destinedB.chordedC.repelledD.commenced【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。destined 指定，命定，注定；chorded 弦，合音，和弦；repelled 击退，抵制；commenced 开始。句意: 他们 了她提出的不合理的年薪要求。C项在此处比较合适, 意思是 “回绝了”。20. 单选题The actress was very（ ） at the insulting question raised by her opponent at theconference.问题1选项A.extraterrestrialB.explicitC.indignantD.innovative【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。extraterrestrial 地球外的，宇宙的；explicit 外在的，清楚的；indignant 愤怒的，愤慨的；innovative 创新的，革新的。根据句中insulting question raised by her opponent(对手提出的侮辱性问题) 可知，她应该是非常愤怒。选项C符合句意。