2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解49

2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题A recent survey suggested that if money were not an issue, most mothers _ not to work at all.问题1选项A.should preferB.preferC.would preferD.preferred【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。选项里面都有prefer，句意是：一项调查显示如果不是因为经济问题，多数母亲更愿意选择不工作。从if可以联想到条件句，后面接的是were，可知这是个虚拟的条件，否则be动词形式我们会选was或者is，因虚拟语气的主句谓语形式是would+原形或者would have done，所以B和D不能选，should的本意是“应该”，would的意思是“将会”，选would句意会更加贴切，所以我们应该选C。2. 不定项选择题When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, its amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Dont the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remain as blood-thirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long ago: spots which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bear-baiting.It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men battle each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of the sporting spirit is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sport because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen rounds. They feel disappointed because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight of madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings or any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.1. It can be inferred from the passage that the authors opinion of nowadays human beings is_.2. The main idea of this passage is_.3. That the author mentions the old Romans is_ .4. How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?5. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is_ .问题1选项A.not very highB.highC.contemptuousD.critical问题2选项A.vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by lawB.people are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violenceC.to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sportsD.people are blood-thirsty in sports问题3选项A.to compare the old Romans with todays peopleB.to give an exampleC.to show human beings in the past know nothing betterD.to indicate human beings are used to blood-thirsty问题4选项A.ThreeB.FiveC.SixD.Seven问题5选项A.that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve ourselvesB.that, by banning the violent sports, we can improve lawC.that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare systemD.to show the law is the main instrument of social change【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:观点态度题。第一步，精准定位，定位到关键句第一段第五句Are we any less blood-thirsty? Human beings remain as blood-thirsty as ever they were.以及第二段第三句Any talk of the sporting spirit is sheer hypocrisy.（任何有关“体育精神”的说法都是彻头彻尾的伪善）。第二段最后一句They feel disappointed because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.（他们感到失望，因为他们被剥夺了目睹长期折磨和暴力的美妙乐趣），第二步，概括理解，从这里可以看出作者对现在人类的看法也觉得他们不高尚，不然不会有这么多人喜欢看这种暴力游戏，选A选项“不是很高尚”；B选项“高尚”，属于反向干扰；C选项“蔑视的”，定位到We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas.（他们可能会轻蔑地谈论可怜的古罗马人，因为他们享受着在竞技场上进行的杀戮狂欢），这个是现代人对古罗马人的观点，不是作者对现代人的观点，属于张冠李戴；D选项“批判的”，作者对人喜欢暴力这种行为是持批判态度的，不止包括现代人，D选项属于偷换概念。第2题:主旨大意题。第一步，分析文章的行文结构，全文是分总结构，整篇文章围绕着人类喜欢暴力运动这种行为展开的，第一段引入现代人和古罗马人对比，指出现代人仍然喜欢暴力，第二段对第一段进行进一步补充，第三段作者希望人类能够放弃这种暴力喜好，文章中心句也是在最后一段倒数二三句If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.（如果我们禁止危险和暴力的体育运动，我们将进一步改善人类。我们将认识到暴力是可耻的，不值得人类使用），由此可知答案选A选项“非法和危险的运动应该被法律禁止”；B选项“人们愿意花大量的钱去看暴力”，定位到第二段倒数第四句Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence.（观众愿意花大价钱看暴力），文章虽然有提及但是不是文章主旨，这里属于以偏概全；C选项“比较对危险运动的两种不同态度”，全文没有对比两种态度属于无中生有；D选项“人们在运动中是嗜血的”，定位到第一段第五句Are we any less blood-thirsty?（我们不那么嗜血了吗?），这句文章虽然有提及但不是文章主旨，所以不能选，这里属于以偏概全。第3题:推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到该段中心句第一段第一句When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, its amazing how little we have developed in other respects.（当你想到我们在技术上取得的巨大进步时，令人惊讶的是，我们在其他方面的发展微乎其微），第二步，寻找上下文线索，从这里可以看出作者的观点是人类除了在科技方面有进步其他方面都没有进步，然后引出罗马人的例子来解释作者为什么这么说，所以答案选A选项“将古罗马人和现代的人进行比较”；B选项“举个例子”，文章的重点是现代人仍然嗜血不是人类喜欢嗜血游戏，所以选项B错误，属于偷换概念；C选项“来表明过去的人类没有比这更好的了”，定位到第三段第四句话We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better.（我们可以屈尊地原谅他们，因为他们生活在2000年前，显然不知道什么是更好的。），这里文章虽然提及，但与题干不相关，属于张冠李戴，所以不选；D选项“表明人类已经习惯了嗜血”是文章没有提及，属于无中生有。第4题:事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，第一段第六行boxing matches“拳赛”，第一段最后一句public hangings or bear-baiting“逗熊游戏”，第二段第一行hunting or bull-fighting，第二段第三行racing cars“赛车”，从这里可知答案选B；public hanging“公开绞刑”是一种刑罚不是娱乐活动，所以不能选C。第5题:主旨大意题。第一步，分析文章的行文结构，全文是分总结构，整篇文章围绕着人类喜欢暴力运动这种行为展开的，第一段引入现代人和古罗马人对比，指出现代人仍然喜欢暴力，第二段对第一段进行进一步补充，第三段作者希望人类能够放弃这种暴力喜好，文章中心句也是在最后一段倒数二三句If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.（如果我们禁止危险和暴力的体育运动，我们将进一步改善人类。我们将认识到暴力是可耻的，不值得人类使用），由此可知答案选A选项“通过禁止暴力运动，我们人类可以提高自己”；B选项“通过禁止暴力体育活动，我们可以完善法律”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“我们必须采取积极措施来改善社会福利制度”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“说明法律是社会变革的主要工具”。定位到文章最后一段倒数第三句话The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence.虽然文章有提及法律是社会变革的主要工具，但是作者提到这个是希望通过立法把这种暴力游戏禁止从而达到人类自我提升的目的，所以不选，这里属于出处错误。3. 单选题Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery _ just around the corner was untrue.问题1选项A.would beB.to beC.wasD.being【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：任何人只要清楚失业人数就知道关于经济即将恢复的断言是不真实的。分析句子成分主句是anyone knew .，that引导宾语从句；从句的结构是assertion was untrue，about后面的成分用来解释说明assertion。因为about后面没有从句连接词，所以我们要用非谓语形式，否则会造成一个从句里面没有连接词却有两个谓语，这样不符合语法，因而A，C错误；关键词around the corner“即将来临”，我们要选现在分词，表即将到来的事情。不定式表将要到的事情，但“将来”什么时候来并不清楚。4. 单选题A burning match applied to paper will make it（ ）.问题1选项A.heat upB.catch fireC.disintegrateD.glow【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“加热”；B选项“着火”；C选项“分解”；D选项“发光，发红”。句意：燃烧的火柴放在纸上会让纸（）。根据生活常识，燃烧的物品放在纸上肯定是会让纸燃烧的，所以答案选B。5. 不定项选择题Adult education is the practice of teaching and educating adults. This is often done in the work place, or _1_ “continuing education” courses at secondary schools, or at a college or university.Educating adults differs from educating _2_ in several ways. One of the most important _3_ is that adults have gained knowledge and experiences which can _4_ add value to a learning experience or interfere with it.Another important difference is that adults must frequently apply their knowledge in some _5_ fashion in order to learn effectively; there must be a _6_ and a reasonable expectation that the new knowledge will help them further that goal. One example, _7_ in the 1990s, was the spread of computer training courses in _8_ adults, most of them office workers, could enroll. These course would teach basic use of the operating system or _9_ application software. Because the skills required to interact with a PC were so new, many people who had been working white-collar jobs for ten years or more eventually took such training courses, either of their own will, to gain computer skills and thus earn higher pay, or _10_ of their bosses.问题1选项A.byB.fromC.onD.through问题2选项A.childrenB.studentsC.workersD.employees问题3选项A.signsB.featuresC.differencesD.practices问题4选项A.eitherB.neitherC.bothD.so问题5选项A.probableB.practicalC.modernD.routine问题6选项A.planB.prospectC.goalD.possibility问题7选项A.normalB.commonC.regularD.profitable问题8选项A.thatB.whichC.thoseD.whose问题9选项A.specificB.specialC.spectacledD.spectacular问题10选项A.with the costB.in the caseC.for the sakeD.at the request【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B第6题:C第7题:B第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D【解析】第1题:考查介词辨析。句意：这通常是在工作中完成，或（）初中，大学的“继续教育”课程中完成。根据文章句意，可以把B选项from和C选项排除；A选项by和D选项through 虽然都有“凭借、通过”的意思，但by表示方式、手段或借助某种工具，through侧重经历某过程。因此答案选A。第2题:考查上下文语义。A选项“孩子”；B选项“学生”；C选项“工人”；D选项“员工”。句意：成人教育在几个方面不同于（）教育。这句话的主语是adult（成人），与adult对应的是children，所以答案选A。第3题:考查上下文语义。A选项“信号”；B选项“特征”；C选项“不同”；D选项“实践，惯例”。上文中说到Educating adults differs from educating ( ) in several ways.（成人教育在几个方面不同于（）教育）从关键词differs from（不同）可知，此空格选C。第4题:考查固定搭配。句意：这可以（）增加价值的学习经验或干扰它。which can ( ) add value to a learning experience or interfere with it. A选项either“两者中的任何一个”；B选项neither“两者都不”；C选项both“都”；D选项so“如此”。这句话后面有个连接词or，而能和or搭配的只有either，所以答案选A。第5题:考查上下文语义。A选项“很可能”；B选项“实际上”；C选项“现代的”；D选项“常规的”。句意：另一个重要的区别是为了学得有效率，成年人必须经常把这些知识运用在（）方面上。根据句意B选项最合适。第6题:考查上下文语义。A选项“计划”；B选项prospect“预期”；C选项“目标”；D选项“可能性”。句意：必须有一个（）以及一个合理的期望能够让新知识帮助他们进一步实现这个目标。本句中空格后一句出现了that goal，that在这是特指代词，指文章中出现过的一个目标，但是前文中没有出现goal或者其同义词，所以答案选C。第7题:考查形容词辨析。A选项“典型的；正常的；一般的”；B选项“常见的；通常的；普遍的”；C选项“有规律的，经常的”；D选项“有利可图的”。句意：有个例子，（）20世纪90年代，就是电脑的流行。根据句意，文章要表达的意思是在1990年成人电脑课程很流行。因为流行所以报班的现象会很普遍，所以答案选B。选A选项的话会暗含一种成人报电脑班在1990年很正常，但是现在就不那么正常了的意思。第8题:考查定语从句关系词。句意：在20世纪90年代，很普遍的一个例子是计算机培训课程流行于成年中，这些成年人大多数是办公室职员可以参加这种课程。整个句子中有两套主谓结构，即examples + was the spread of和adults+ enroll，两个句子没有连词，所以我们知道这题考查的知识点是从句，而且是定语从句。those不能引导从句，所以排除C；在定语从句中，关系代词前面有介词时我们不能用that只能用which，而whose前面也不能放介词，所以答案选B选项which。第9题:考查名词辨析。A选项“特定的”；B选项“特殊的”；C选项“戴了眼镜的”；D选项“壮观的”。These course would teach basic use of the operating system or ( ) application software.（这些课程将教授基础的操作系统的使用或（）应用软件的基本用法）。根据句子意思排除C，D选项，而且根据空格前面的关键词basic，可以推测后面应该用basic的对应词是specific，而不是special，所以答案选A。第10题:考查短语辨析。A选项with the cost没有这种搭配；B选项“至于，在的情况下”；C选项“为了的利益”；D选项“应的要求”。句意：要么就是为了自己想要学习电脑技能或者取得更高报酬的愿望，要么就是他们老板的（）。根据句意C，D排除；本句表示因为什么原因上班族想要上电脑班，为了老板的利益去报班和在老板的要求下去报班之间，显然是后者更符合逻辑，所以答案选D。6. 不定项选择题Microsoft is no longer the worlds biggest company by market capitalization. There other U.S companies have overtaken the software giant in terms of stock market value. The firms value has gone down sharply by 41% so far this year, from nearly $600 billion to $358 billion. Much of the reason for the fall has been the uncertainty prompted by the on-going anti-trust case. It has been overtaken by General Electric, now worth $506 billion, Intel, worth $441 billion and Cisco Systems, $436 billion.Over the past year Microsoft shares have moved downwards from a high of $120 to $68 in early trading on 7 June. Meanwhile rival Cisco has seen its share price rise by $25 to more than $60 as the company has gained its role in providing the hardware for the Internet. And for most of the year it has been competing with computer chip maker Intel for the second place. Intels Pentium chips are widely used in personal computers worldwide.The company that now holds the title of the world biggest company is an industrial giant which makes everything from toasters to jet engines. GE has sales of $110 billion nearly ten times that of Microsoft and 340,000 employees worldwide. It has seen its profits grow by 15% a year to $11 billion. GE Capital Services, its financial subsidiary, make up nearly half its sales. GE produces power generation systems, locomotive, medical imaging equipment and electrical appliances. It also own the U.S television network NBC and its financial news subsidiary, CNBC, and ironically, a joint venture with Microsoft to provide news on the Internet.Microsofts shares now face a further period of uncertainty as the companys legal battle continues. It could also face difficulty in recruiting and retaining employees whose pay has been boosted by their share options. The Seattle based firm is likely to go to an appeals court on any rulings. It could suffer further losses from lawsuits brought by competitors, who would be able to claim triple damages for any losses suffered. And with its energy and resources tied up in the lawsuits, the company may find it difficult to continue to innovate in the future, or move so aggressively to buy up competitors.1. Microsofts shares are devalued drastically owing to（ ）.2. Cisco Systems share price has risen considerably（ ）.3. Which is now the second biggest company in the United States?4. Which of the following companies is owned by General Electric and Microsoft together?5. Why is it difficult for Microsoft to retain employees?问题1选项A.fierce competition from rivalsB.its involvement in a lawsuitC.the court rulingsD.the decrease in sales volume问题2选项A.after it has overtaken part of Microsofts sharesB.after it has beaten Intel and risen to the second placeC.since it has gained a firm footing in the marketD.because it is developing jointly with Microsoft问题3选项A.General ElectricB.IntelC.Cisco SystemsD.GE Capital Services问题4选项A.GE Capital ServicesB.NBCC.CNBCD.MSNBC问题5选项A.Because it faces an uncertain future.B.Because it will have problem innovating itself.C.Because it will have problem paying them.D.Because it may be bought up by its competitors one day.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：微软公司市值急剧下降的原因是。A选项“与对手的激烈竞争”；B选项“卷入到一场诉讼中”C选项“法院裁决”；D选项“销售量的下降”根据题干定位到第一段倒数第二句话Much of the reason for the fall has been the uncertainty prompted by the on-going anti-trust case.（股价下跌的主要原因是正在进行的反垄断案引发的）。所以答案是B，文中没有提到法院的裁决所以不能选C。第2题:事实细节题。题干：思科系统公司的股价上升。A选项“在它超过了微软的部分股份之后”；B选项“在击败英特尔并上升到第二位之后”；C选项“因为它已经在市场上站稳了脚跟”；D选项“因为它是和微软合作开发的”。根据题干定位到第二段第二句话as the company has gained its role in providing the hardware for the Internet.（当该公司已经在为互联网提供硬件方面获得了自己的角色），C选项是这句话的同义替换，所以答案选C；文中没有提及股价上升的具体时间也没有说该公司加入了微软，所以A、B、D选项错误。第3题:事实细节题。题干：那个公司是现在美国第二大的公司。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句话It has been overtaken by General Electric, now worth $506 billion, Intel, worth $441 billion and Cisco Systems, $436 billion.（它已经被价值5060亿美元的通用电气、价值4410亿美元的英特尔和价值4360亿美元的思科系统所超越。）微软原本是第一，后来被这三家公司超过，排在第二的是因特尔公司，所以答案选B。第4题:事实细节题。题干：下列哪一家公司是通用电气和微软共同拥有的？根据题干定位到第三段最后一句and its financial news subsidiary, CNBC, and ironically, a joint venture with Microsoft to provide news on the Internet.（以及它的金融新闻子公司CNBC，讽刺的是，这是它与微软成立的一家提供互联网新闻的合资公司。），因此答案选C。第5题:判断推理题。题干：为什么微软很难留住员工？A选项“因为他们面临一个不确定的未来”B选项“因为他们很难做到创新”；C选项“因为它将发不出工资”；D选项“因为总有一天它会被对手买下”根据题干定位到最后一段第二句话It could also face difficulty in recruiting and retaining employees whose pay has been boosted by their share options.（该公司还可能在招聘和留住员工方面面临困难，这些员工的工资由他们的股票期权推动）和第四句话It could suffer further losses from lawsuits brought by competitors, who would be able to claim triple damages for any losses suffered.（如果竞争对手提起诉讼，它可能会遭受更大的损失，而竞争对手则可以就其遭受的任何损失要求三倍的赔偿）。从这两句可以看出员工工资随着股票的涨动而动，但是微软可能还会遭受另一些诉讼，所以答案选A，C选项文章没有提及；定位到文章最后一段最后一句话And with its energy and resources tied up in the lawsuits, the company may find it difficult to continue to innovate in the future, or move so aggressively to buy up competitors.（由于公司的能源和资源都被官司缠身，该公司可能会发现在未来很难继续创新，或采取激进的行动收购竞争对手。）由此可知文章指的是微软现在已经不能把对手买下了，不是被对手买下，所以错误；而不能创新不是不能留住员工的原因，所以C不能选。7. 不定项选择题What do video cassettes, ice cream, pizzas, whisky and bouquets of flowers all have in common? The answer is that in Japan they can all be bought from a vending machine. Japan boasts more vending machines per person than any other country in the world, with one for every 22 people. America, by contrast, has one for every 46; the European Community only one for every 200.Japanese vending machines are also more productive. Sales per machine are almost two-thirds higher than in America, because the Japanese machines sell high-value products, like whisky, as well as the usual Coca-cola and gum.Craving a cigarette or bar of chocolate? In America or Britain the nearest vending machine is probably vandalized, empty, or accepts only the right money in the wrong coins. Thanks to its low crime-rate and sophisticated electronics, Japans vending machines are much reliable. They are also less likely to run out, thanks to on-line monitoring of stocks.Despite what looks like saturation by anyone elses standards, the number of vending machines in Japan is set to grow. This is because the labor-saving advantages of vending machines have yet to be fully exploited. Declining birth rates, an aging population and tight controls on immigration are creating a shortage of low-wage workers in Japan and boosting the demand for ever cleverer machines. One of the fastest growing sectors is heated food such as pizzas. A vending machine can replace waitresses in hamburger joints, ticket vendors in cinemas and counter staff in all-night stores.The latest craze is vending machines that sell love. Men looking for a girl-friend pay to have their vital statistics fed into the love machine including their name, telephone number and, most important of all, the kind of car they drive. Women drop in a few coins, and then choose the take-away man of their dreams.1. There is a vending machine for every 46 people（ ）.2. Which of the following items can be considered as high-value product?3. Implied but not stated（ ）.4. The shortage of low-wage workers in Japan is caused（ ）.5. Which of the following may be the title of the article?问题1选项A.in AmericaB.in JapanC.in FranceD.in the United Kingdom问题2选项A.Video cassetteB.PizzaC.Ice creamD.Whisky问题3选项A.The crime-rate of America is higher than that of JapanB.The crime-rate of the United Kingdom is higher than that of JapanC.The crime-rate of Japan is higher than that of BritainD.Both A and B问题4选项A.by tight controls on immigrationB.by an aging populationC.by declining birth ratesD.all above问题5选项A.Push-Butt