2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解3

2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题It is agreed that all nations should take measures against terrorism on the basis of the UN（ ）and other international laws.问题1选项A.CharterB.ConstitutionC.ConcordanceD.Custody【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Charter“宪章”；Constitution“宪法；体制；章程”；Concordance “调和；一致”；Custody“保管；监护”，根据句子结构可知此处要填的词与laws意思相近，所以四个选项中只有Constitution符合。句意：所有的国家都应该在基于联合国章程和其他国际法律的基础上采取措施抵制恐怖主义，这是一个共识。故正确答案为选项B。2. 单选题The two delegates had an in-depth exchange of views on how to enhance their（ ）cooperation.问题1选项A.ethicalB.bilateralC.mandatoryD.subsidiary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ethical“伦理的，道德的”；bilateral“双边的”；mandatory “强制的”；subsidiary“附属的”，由delegate“代表团”与cooperation“合作”一词可知此处应该选择形容词bilateral，表示两国之间的合作。句意：这两个代表团就如何加强合作进行了深入的交流。故正确答案为选项B。3. 不定项选择题The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct. The guilds themselves, dominated by the master men, had grown selfish and exclusive.Membership in them was commonly restricted to a few privileged families. Besides, they were so completely choked by tradition that they were unable to make adjustments to changing conditions. Moreover, new industries had sprung up entirely outside the guild system. Characteristic examples were mining and smelting and the woolen industry. The rapid development of these enterprises was stimulated by technical advances, such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wine method of making brass, which asked about half of the fuel previously used. In the mining and smelting industries a form of organization was adopted similar to that which has prevailed ever since.But the most typical form of industrial production in the Commercial Revolution was the domestic system, developed first of all in the woolen industry. The domestic system derives its name from the fact that the work was done in the homes of industrial artisans instead of in the shop of a master craftsman. Since the various jobs in the manufacture of a product were given out on contract, the system is also known as the putting out system. Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic. The raw material was purchased by an entrepreneur and assigned to individual worker, each of whom would complete his allotted task for a stipulated payment. In the case of the woolen industry the yarn would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers, fillers, and dyer in succession. When the cloth was finally finished, it would be taken by the clothier and sold in the open market for the highest price it would bring.1. According to the article, what changes did the Commercial Revolution bring about?2. The word “defunct” in the first paragraph most probably means（ ）.3. According to the article, in which area was it more energy-effective?4. The author implies that（ ）.5. According to the article, which one of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.Methods of production.B.Appearance of craft guilds.C.Increased trade volume.D.Growth of trade, banking and methods of production.问题2选项A.popularB.obsoleteC.potentialD.extensive问题3选项A.Smelting industryB.Mining industryC.BankingD.Weaving问题4选项A.the guild system was more efficientB.the domestic system was capitalisticC.the technical advance stimulated the guild systemD.the domestic system was not as efficient as the guild system问题5选项A.Technical advances stimulated the development of enterprises.B.In the woolen industry, weavers would pass on their products to spinners.C.The domestic system is also known as the putting out system.D.The word “clothier” is synonymous to “entrepreneur” in this context.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，商业革命带来了哪些变化？选项A “生产方式”；选项B“手工业工会的出现”；选项C“贸易量的增加”；选项D“贸易，银行和生产方式的进步”，根据第一段第一句的内容“The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. 当然，商业革命没有限制贸易和银行业的发展。它还带来了生产方式的根本性变化”，所以商业革命的影响包括两方面的内容，选项A和选项B表达的都正确，但是只是一部分的影响，不全面，所以可以排除；选项C错误；故正确答案为选项D。第2题:词义辨析题。第一段中“defunct”这个单词大概的意思是，popular “流行的”；obsolete“废弃的，已经过时的”；potential“潜在的；有潜力的”；extensive“广泛的”，我们可以根据下文来猜测这个单词的含义，根据第一段最后一句话“The guilds themselves, dominated by the master men, had grown selfish and exclusive. 工会本身被精通技术的人主导，变得自私和排他”，这句话是对“defunct”所在句“The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct”中世纪晚期，由手工工会发展而来的制造业迅速地变得“defunct”的进一步解释说明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思应该是obsolete，故正确答案为选项B。第3题:推理判断题。根据文章内容，哪个地方的能源利用最高效？选项A“冶炼行业”；选项B“煤矿业”；选项C“银行业”；选项D“纺织业”；根据文章第二段中“such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wine method of making brass, which asked about half of the fuel previously used.如转轮的发明和葡萄酒生产铜的方法，它们只需要以前大约一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技术的改进，在冶炼行业能源的使用变得十分的高效,故正确答案为选项A。第4题:细节事实题。作者暗示什么，选项A“工会制度更加高效”；选项B“家庭手工制是资本主义”；选项C“技术进步刺激了工会制度”；选项D“家庭手工制不如工会制度那么有效率”，根据文章第三段中“Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic尽管生产规模小，组织基本上是资本主义”，可知家庭手工制是资本主义，故正确答案为选项B。第5题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，以下哪个陈述是不对的？选项A“技术进步刺激了企业的发展”；选项B“在羊毛工业中，织布工可以把产品传递给纺纱工”；选项C“家 庭手工业也称为散工制”；选项D在这篇文章中，“呢绒商”是“企业家”的代名词，根据文章第三段中“In the case of the woolen industry the yarn would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers 羊毛产业的纱线会首先给纺纱工，然后传递给织布工”，可知并非织布工把产品传递给纺纱工，故正确答案为选项B。4. 单选题Russian women had to wear protective masks as they walked in Moscow, which was（ ）by a heavy smog yesterday.问题1选项A.shroudedB.unveiledC.decayedD.deprived【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。shrouded“遮蔽”；unveiled“除去面纱”；decayed“衰退；腐败”；deprived “剥夺；丧失”，根据句子结构可知which引导了一个定语从句，此处which指代的是“Moscow莫斯科”，根据主句的意思可知此处想表达的是莫斯科被大雾笼罩。句意：俄罗斯的女性昨天在的莫斯科街头行走的时候不得不戴着厚厚的保护面罩。故正确答案为选项A。5. 单选题On many occasions, we tend to interpret the actions of children（ ）our own experience as an adult.问题1选项A.for the sake ofB.on behalf ofC.in terms ofD.in accordance with【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语。A选项for the sake of“为了”；B选项on behalf of“代表”；C选项in terms of“依据，在方面”；D选项in accordance with“与一致”。句意：在很多时候，我们倾向于依据自己作为一个成年人的经验来解释孩子的行为。根据空格前后的句意关系，只有C选项in terms of“依据，在方面”符合句意，其他选项意思不对。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题When Jack was 28, he（ ）the small bookshop and in five years developed it into six chain stores.问题1选项A.took afterB.took inC.took onD.took over【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语。A选项took after“相像，效仿”；B选项took in“吸收，领会，欺骗”；C选项took on“承担，呈现，具有”；D选项took over“接管，借用”。句意：当杰克28岁时，他接管了这个小书店，在五年内发展成了六个连锁店。根据空格后提到的the small bookshop，与之可以相对应搭配的短语只有D选项took over，意为接管了商店。因此D选项符合题意。7. 单选题Several months previously, the workers had petitioned the company for a 25 percent wage increase and（ ）of stricter safety regulations.问题1选项A.implementB.endowmentC.enforcementD.engagement【答案】C【解析】本题考查了同形词辨析。implement“实施；工具”；endowment“捐赠；天赋”；enforcement“实施；执行”；engagement“约定”，此处应该选择一个名词，根据regulation “规范；管理”，可知此处应该填一个表示“实施”的名词，所以可以排除选项B、D；implement做动词是“实施”的意思，但是做名词是“工具”的意思，所以此处应该用enforcement，故正确答案为选项C。8. 单选题AIDS is causing great public concern because the（ ）fatal disease hits primarily young people.问题1选项A.invariablyB.imperativelyC.transientlyD.deceptively【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。invariably“总是；不变地”；imperatively“命令式地”；transiently“仅持续片刻地”；deceptively“欺骗性地”，根据句意可知，四个选项中只能选择 副词invariably，才能使句子符合语义逻辑。句意：艾滋病引起了极大的公共关注，因为这个致命的疾病主要是攻击年轻人。故正确答案为选项A。9. 单选题Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their（ ）quality.问题1选项A.indistinctiveB.indisputableC.indispensableD.indistinguishable【答案】B【解析】本题考查了同形词辨析。indistinctive“无特色的”；indisputable“无可争议的，不争的”；indispensable“不可缺少的”；indistinguishable“不能区别的”，由此句中的“prestige” 可以知道中国产品享有如此声誉是因为它们的质量很好，四个选项中能用来形容这种质量的形容词只有indisputable，故正确答案为选项B。句意是：中国的产品享有非常高的国际声誉是因为它们无可争议的质量。10. 单选题The mother really took pride in her son, a（ ）artist who had already held several national exhibitions.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.perspectiveC.descriptiveD.partial【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prospective“未来的，预期的”；B选项perspective“透视的”；C选项descriptive“描述性的”；D选项partial“局部的，偏袒的”。句意：这位母亲真的为自己的儿子感到骄傲，因为他儿子未来会是一位艺术家，已经举办过好几次全国性的展览。空格后的内容都是描述儿子的，从举办过好几次展览可知儿子最有可能成为未来的一位艺术家，所以A选项符合句意。因此A选项正确。11. 写作题Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.【答案】【参考范文】Dear Mr. Wang,I am sorry to tell you that I decided to quit my work as an editor in your company after serious consideration. I am apologizing for the inconvenience which I would bring to you.During two months working in your company, I have learned a lot about how to work in a world-famous company. However, I gradually find out that I am not very suitable for this job. I think I should look for an occupation which could make the most use of my talent and ability.Thank you again for giving me this opportunity, and Id like to express my regret again. Finally, I wish your company will achieve greater success in the future.Yours sincerely, Li Ming12. 单选题The rebel army（ ）the democratic government of the country lawlessly.问题1选项A.overthrewB.overtookC.overturnedD.overruled【答案】A【解析】同形词辨析题。overthrew“打倒；推翻”；overtook“追上；赶上”；overturned“推翻；倾覆”；overruled“驳回；否决”，根据rebel army“叛军”和lawlessly“非法地”可知此处应该是指叛军推翻了民主政府，所以答案从选项A和选项C之间选；overturn主要是指某种具体事物在位置上的颠倒，或者是指推翻某种已有的理论或者制度；overthrow主要是指用武力推翻某种制度或者机构，所以此处用overthrow比较恰当，故正确答案为选项A。13. 单选题When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall（ ）in all three.问题1选项A.rareB.lackingC.shortD.scarce【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。rare“稀有的；稀薄的；半熟的”；lacking“缺乏的；没有的；不足的”；short“短的；不足的；矮的”；scarce“缺乏的；不足的；稀有的”，这四个词是同义词，都有“缺乏的”的意思，但是这里fall short是一个固定搭配，表示“不足；缺乏”。句意：当我们认为成功的人具有智慧、强健的体魄和好运时，我们只是在为我们以上三种因素而找借口。故正确答案为选项C。14. 单选题With their modern, lightweight boat, they soon（ ）the older vessels in the race.问题1选项A.overranB.exceededC.outstrippedD.caught up【答案】C【解析】本题考查了同义词辨析。overran“超过（范围）”；exceeded“超过，超越（数量，限制）”；outstripped“超过，赶上”；caught up“追上，赶上（接名词时跟with连用）”，此处指的是在比赛中超过，赶上别人，所以可以排除选项A、B，此处如果使用catch up的话后面应该加with，用catch up with的形式，故正确答案为选项C。15. 单选题The development of high-technologies at an unprecedented speed has rendered lots of conventional office jobs（ ）.问题1选项A.suicidalB.obsoleteC.availableD.profitable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项suicidal“自杀的”；B选项obsolete“淘汰的，废弃的，过时的”；C选项available“可获得的，有空的”；D选项profitable“有利可图的，有益的”。句意：高科技以前所未有的速度发展，使得许多传统的办公室工作被淘汰了。由句意可知高科技发展导致传统办公室工作过时/淘汰，B选项obsolete“淘汰的，废弃的，过时的”符合题意，其他选项都不准确。因此B选项正确。16. 单选题A week later, （ ）actions were taken to control the inflation, which caused riots all over the country.问题1选项A.desperateB.ambivalentC.ambiguousD.deliberate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项desperate“拼命的，绝望的”；B选项ambivalent“矛盾的”；C选项ambiguous“模棱两可的”；D选项deliberate“故意的，深思熟虑的”。句意：一周后，政府采取了深思熟虑的措施来控制造成全国混乱的通货膨胀。此处填入空格的形容词修饰actions（措施，行动）。由句意可知一周之后才采取措施，那肯定是经过深思熟虑的，D选项“深思熟虑的措施”符合题意，其他选项都不准确。因此D选项正确。17. 单选题He seemed reluctant to send his troops in an effort to discourage the（ ）peasants.问题1选项A.animatedB.rebelliousC.creasedD.impassive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。animated“活生生的；活泼的”；rebellious“反抗的；造反的”；creased“有折痕的”；impassive“冷漠的；无感觉的”，根据troops“军队”一词可知此处的peasant“农民”是需要被镇压的，分析四个选项可知此处填rebellious这个形容词符合句意。句意：他好像不愿意派他的军队去镇压农民。由此得知B选项正确。18. 单选题For shortage of food and water, the illegal immigrants（ ）down from 112 to 58.问题1选项A.seizedB.starvedC.calculatedD.split【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项seized“逮住，抓住”；B选项starved“使挨饿，饿死”；C选项calculated“计算”；D选项split“劈开”。句意：由于食物和水的短缺，非法移民数量从112人下降到了58人。根据前半句表述的因为缺少食物和水，可知后半句中非法移民数量减少的原因是挨饿。所以空格处填B选项starved“使挨饿，饿死”合适。因此B选项符合题意。19. 单选题As the painter is（ ）to pollens, he regrets a lot for losing the chance of drawing the beauty of spring in the fields.问题1选项A.nostalgicB.insolentC.acuteD.allergic【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项nostalgic“怀旧的，乡愁的”；B选项insolent“无礼的，傲慢的”；C选项acute“急性的，敏锐的”；D选项allergic“对过敏的，对极讨厌的”。句意：因为这个画家对花粉，他很遗憾要失去野外写生的机会。由后面句子he regrets a lot for losing the chance of drawing the beauty of spring in the fields（他很遗憾要）可知D选项allergic“对过敏的”（画家对花粉过敏）与前后意思对应。因此D选项符合句意。20. 单选题Judges are（ ）increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences.问题1选项A.requiringB.demandingC.impartingD.imposing【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。demanding“需要；要求”；imparting“给予；传授”；imposing“强加；征税；处以”，根据driving offences“交通违法行为”，和fines“罚金”，可知此处应该使用动词imposing，故正确答案为选项D。句意为：交警对于轻微的交通违法行为处以越来越重的罚款。