2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解49

2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Driving very fast on a rainy night is not（ ）with safety.问题1选项A.persistentB.consistentC.insistentD.existent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析与搭配用法。A选项persistent“执着的；坚持不懈的；持续的”；B选项consistent“一致的；始终如一的；坚持的”；C选项insistent“坚持的；迫切的；显著的；引人注目的”；D选项existent“现存的；生存的”。句意：在雨夜开快车是不安全的。空格后有with，选项中只有consistent with表示“符合，一致”。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题He based his conclusion on what he（ ）from the evidence, not on what he actually observed.问题1选项A.intuitedB.imaginedC.inferredD.implied【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。intuit “由直觉知道”；imagine “设想，猜想”；infer “推断，猜想”；imply “暗指，暗含”；根据句意他的结论是基于自己对证据（ ）结果，而不是基于自己实际观察到的。确定C选项正确。3. 单选题A person with his head-in-the-clouds is a dreamer;（ ）mind is not in the real world.问题1选项A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.of whom【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。前后各有谓语动词部分，因此空格处需要填入关联词。后半句空格后是名词mind，是主语的一部分，因此只能填入C选项whose修饰，后半句是由whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词dreamer，整句句意：想入非非的人是梦想家，他的意识并不存在于现实世界中。4. 翻译题好的教师知道他们的职责不单是向学生灌输知识，他们深切体会到教学工作不只是授课。好的教师运用对所教导的科目的热情和爱好，来激发学生的学习兴趣，并不断构 想新方法和吸取新观点，来为每一堂课注入新的生命。最重要的是：好的教师能使每一名学生深信自己事事都能胜任。他们绝对信任学生的能力，深信每一名孩子都有发挥潜能成为心目中要成为的人物。好的教师使学生自我肯定本身的能力，鼓励他们勇于追求梦想，并从旁引导他们如何实现这些梦想。【答案】Good teachers know that their job is not just to impart knowledge, they understand that teaching is more than just instructing. Good teachers inspire in their students a love for learning through their enthusiasm and passion for their subject, and through their own efforts to continually develop new skills and embrace new ideas in order to bring a fresh perspective to every lesson. Above all else, good teachers have the ability to make every student feel that he is a winner. They have faith in their students abilities, and believe that every child has the potential to be anything he wants to be. Good teachers give their students a sense of self-worth, encourage them to dream, and show them how to pursue those dreams.5. 单选题Lincoln, who many regard as one of our great presidents, was often（ ）despite his reputation of telling good jokes.问题1选项A.brightB.optimisticC.gloomyD.cheerful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：林肯被很多人认为是伟大的总统之一，尽管他以幽默闻名，但是他经常比较忧郁。bright “明亮的”；optimistic “乐观的”；gloomy “阴郁的”；cheerful “快乐的，愉快的”。根据despite一词可知空格处的内容与后面的内容形成对比，因此根据句意选项C符合题意。6. 填空题Solving a problem can be broken into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer（1）this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring（2） which information is relevant and which is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere（3） arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious（4） the problem is, however, this is not as easy（5） it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, which is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend（6） see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools（7）the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately,（8） , the second step consists（9）considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them（10） and then make a list（11） advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets（12）lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems（13）the past. Although that can be helpful most（14）the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy.（15） that case, the mental set must be abandoned, and new alternatives must be explored.【答案】（1）to（2）out（3）with（4）what（5）as（6）to（7）for（8）however（9）of（10）down（11）of（12）that（13）in（14）of（15）In【解析】（1）考查固定搭配。refer to “涉及；指的是”，固定搭配。（2）考查固定搭配。figure out “弄清楚；想出；算出”。（3）考查固定搭配。interfere with “干扰，干涉”。（4）考查主语同位语从句。it是形式主语，what the problem is 是真正的主语。（5）考查固定搭配。asas “像一样”。（6）考查固定搭配。tend to do sth.“倾向于做某事”。（7）考查介词的用法。the tools for the solution “解决方案的工具”。（8）考查逻辑关系。前后是转折关系，所以用however。（9）考查固定搭配。consist of “构成”。（10）考查固定搭配。write sth. down “写下”。（11）考查介词的用法。a list of sth.“某物的清单”。（12）考查定语从句。由that引导的定语从句，先行词是sets。（13）考查固定搭配。in the past “在过去”。（14）考查固定搭配。most of the time “大部分时间”。（15）考查固定搭配。in that case “既然那样”。7. 单选题The（ ）of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.descentD.cause【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项origin“起源；出身；开端”；B选项generation“一代；产生”；C选项descent“下降；血统；袭击”；D选项cause“原因；事业；目标”。句意：这个词的未知，但肯定不是来自希腊语。后半句有一个词“from来自”，说明前半句是追究“词源”，A选项符合题意。8. 单选题All the students of this university have free（ ） to the Internet via a broadband connection.问题1选项A.accessB.entranceC.permissionD.passageway【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大学的所有学生通过连接宽带都可以免费上网。access “进入；机会”；entrance “入口”；permission “允许，许可”；passageway “通道，走廊”。根据句意，选项A符合题意。9. 单选题We have just located a（ ）avenue for the sale of your goods.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.perspectiveC.respectiveD.protective【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prospective“未来的；可能的；潜在的”；B选项perspective“透视的”；C选项respective“分别的，各自的”；D选项protective“防护的；关切保护的；保护贸易的”。句意：我们刚刚为销售你方货物找到了一条的路。联系句意及选项可知，此处应表示“找到了一条可能的销售渠道”。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题The Browns lived in a（ ）and comfortably furnished house in the suburbs.问题1选项A.confessB.sufficientC.wideD.wretched【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布朗一家住在郊区宽敞而且设施齐全的房子里。Confess “忏悔”，动词；sufficient “足够的”；wide “宽敞的”；wretched “可怜的”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。11. 单选题As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to（ ）the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“管理；主持（常与over搭配）”；B选项introduce“介绍；引进；提出”；C选项chair“担任主席；主持；使入座”；D选项dominate“控制；支配；占优势”。句意：由于经理出差去了，我被邀请每周员工会议。此处应表示“主持会议”，A选项preside应与over搭配才表示“主持”，只有C选项符合题意。12. 单选题Obviously he has done a very terrible thing today, but（ ） , he cant be held responsible in the criminal justice system.问题1选项A.justifiablyB.legallyC.reasonablyD.understandingly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显他今天做了件非常恐怖的事，但是法律上他无法被刑事司法制度判为有罪。justifiably “公平地”；legally “法律地”；reasonably “合理地”；understandingly “有理解力地”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。13. 单选题The Browns lived in a（ ）and comfortably furnished house in the suburbs.问题1选项A.spaciousB.sufficientC.wideD.wretched【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项spacious“宽敞的；无边无际的”；B选项sufficient“足够的；充分的”；C选项wide“广泛的；宽的”；D选项wretched“可怜的；卑鄙的；令人苦恼的”。句意：布朗一家住在郊区一幢又整洁舒适的房子里。被修饰词是“房子”，用“宽敞的”最合适。A选项正确的。14. 单选题The American basketball team announced that they would not（ ）first place to any team.问题1选项A.yokeB.yellC.yieldD.yearn【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国篮球队宣布，他们不会将第一名让给其他人。Yoke “结合”；yell “叫喊”；yield “产出；屈服；放弃”；yearn “渴望，向往”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。15. 单选题Some of these online services are free, while others（ ）a charge.问题1选项A.carryB.cashierC.coincideD.collect【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些网络服务是免费的，但是其他的需要付费。carry “包含”；cashier “解雇”；coincide “同时发生”；collect “收集”。根据句意，选项A符合题意。16. 翻译题If you look into a directory of successful people who are doctors, engineers and IT professionals, then you will notice that many of them dream to be employed by people like Bill Gates, who are prosperous despite not having college degrees. In other words, prosperity does not depend upon academic qualifications but upon opportunities provided by entrepreneurs who may not be necessarily be highly educated. Successful entrepreneurs even benefit from not having academic qualifications, because going to college and taking examinations forces people to learn and think like millions of other graduates. This actually makes it less likely that they will come up with the truly mould-breaking insights and “disruptive” ideas on which successful innovations and new business models are built.【答案】如果你看一下医生、工程师和IT专业人士等成功人士的名录，你会发现他们中的许多人都梦想着被像比尔盖茨这样的尽管没有大学学位，却很成功的人雇用。换句话说，成功并不取决于学历，而是取决于那些不一定受过高等教育的企业家所提供的机会。成功的企业家甚至从没有学历中受益，因为上大学和参加考试迫使人们像数百万其他毕业生一样学习和思考。这实际上降低了他们提出真正突破模式的见解和颠覆性想法的可能性，而成功的创新和新的商业模式正是建立在这些见解和想法之上的。17. 单选题Excellent films are those which（ ）national and cultural barriers.问题1选项A.transcendB.traverseC.abolishD.suppress【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项transcend“胜过，超越”；B选项traverse“穿过”；C选项abolish“废除；取消”；D选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”。句意：优秀的电影是那些能国家和文化的障碍的电影。四个选项中能与“障碍”搭配的是A选项“transcend超越”。18. 单选题In spite of the（ ）economic forecast, manufacturing output has risen slightly.问题1选项A.faintB.dizzyC.gloomyD.opaque【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项faint“模糊的；头晕的；虚弱的”；B选项dizzy“眩晕的；昏乱的；心不在焉的”；C选项gloomy“黑暗的；沮丧的”；D选项opaque“不透明的；不传热的；迟钝的”。句意：尽管有经济预测，但制造业产出略有上升。既然句中有转折关系，说明前半部分的经济预测是负面的，四个选项中只有C选项符合语境，表示“令人沮丧的经济预测”。19. 单选题This book is the（ ）of some 20 years of scientific research.问题1选项A.participationB.toleranceC.allianceD.outcome【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项participation“参与；分享；参股”；B选项tolerance“公差；宽容；容忍”；C选项alliance“联盟；联姻”；D选项outcome“结果；成果”。句意：这本书是20多年科学研究的。由句意和选项分析可知，书只能是研究“成果”，因此D选项正确。20. 单选题He said there was a great gap between the views expressed in the media and what（ ）people were thinking问题1选项A.usualB.generalC.normalD.ordinary【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说媒体表达出来的观点与普通大众所想之间存在巨大的差距。usual “普通的”; general “一般的”；normal “正常的；正规的”；ordinary “普通的，平凡的”。ordinary people “普通人，一般人”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。