2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解11

2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The temperature （ ）greatly; the days were very hot while the nights were very cold.问题1选项A.changedB.alteredC.variedD.reflected【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。change意为“改变，变化”，指完全改变；alter意为“改变”，指部分改变；vary意为“变化”，指多变；reflect意为“反射，反应”。句意：气温变化很大，白天很热，夜晚很冷。2. 单选题The express train from London （ ）on time.问题1选项A.pulled upB.pulled overC.pulled inD.pulled through【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。pull up意为“拔起，阻止”；pull over意为“靠边停车”；pull in意为“吸引，进站”；pull through意为“恢复健康，度过难关”。句意：从伦敦开出的快车准时进站。3. 单选题The heat in summer is no less （ ）here in this mountain region.问题1选项A.concentratedB.extensiveC.intenseD.intensive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。concentrated意为“集中的”；extensive意为“广泛的”；intense意为“激烈的，强烈的，非常的”；intensive意为“加强的，集中的”。句意：这个山区夏天的酷热也同样强烈。4. 单选题We hope the students would （ ）the information contained in the lecture.问题1选项A.associateB.understandC.assimilateD.assess【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。associate意为“联系”；understand意为“理解”；assimilate意为“吸收， 消化”；assess意为“评定”。句意：我们希望学生们能掌握讲座中保护的信息。5. 单选题Christians calm Jesus was a real（ ）character, but some today have their doubts.问题1选项A.historicalB.historicC.historyD.historian【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。historical意为“历史的，历史上的”，指的是和历史有关的或是历史上出现过的人或事；historic意为“有历史影响的”，指重要的历史事件；history意为“历史，历史学”；historian意为“历史学家”。句意：基督徒声称耶稣是历史上一个真实的人物，但今天有些人对此表示怀疑。6. 单选题The archaeologist（ ）that the vase was 1500 years old.问题1选项A.upheldB.estimatedC.sustainedD.unitized【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。upheld意为“支持”；estimate意为“估计，预测”；sustain意为“维持”；unitize意为“统一（化），组成”。句意：考古学家估计这个花瓶有1500年历史了。7. 翻译题Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese.The United Kingdom has an extraordinarily rich and diverse artistic heritage, with British poets, playwrights, musicians, sculptors, painters and filmmakers enjoyed and admired all over the world.The United Kingdoms contributions to the visual arts are immense and then there are many traces to be found around the country, from striking architecture to paintings, ceramics and sculptures which can be easily found in our many art galleries and museums.The performing arts are thriving as well. Music, theatre, filmmaking, dance and opera are all performed enthusiastically in theatres, concert halls and studios all over the country every night of the year.The richness of our cultural life is largely down to our diverse history, for many hundreds of years different races and cultures have had an influence on the United Kingdom and have consequently played a role in creating the society we live in today.【答案】英国有着及其丰富多样的艺术遗产，受人喜爱和尊敬英国诗人、剧作家、音乐家、雕塑家、画家和电影制作人遍布世界各地。英国对视觉艺术的贡献是巨大的，在全国各地有许多踪迹可寻，从引人注目的建筑到绘画、陶瓷和雕塑，在我们的许多美术馆和博物馆都很容易找到。表演艺术也蓬勃发展。音乐、戏剧、电影制作、舞蹈和歌剧每晚都在全国各地的剧院、音乐厅和摄影棚中激情地演出。我们文化生活的丰富性在很大程度上取决于我们多元的历史。数百年来，不同的种族和文化对英国产生了影响，并因此在创造我们今天生活的社会中发挥了作用。8. 单选题The medicine（ ）his pain but did not cure his illness.问题1选项A.activatedB.mediatedC.alleviatedD.deteriorated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。activate意为“使活动，触发”；mediate意为“调解，调停”；alleviate意为“减轻，缓和”；deteriorate意为“使恶化”。句意：药物缓解了他的疼痛，但并没有治愈他的疾病。9. 单选题Nanotechnology seems to hold the key that allows construction and building materials to（ ）the features of natural systems improved until perfection during millions of years.问题1选项A.replicateB.copycatC.pirateD.borrow【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。replicate意为“复制，再生”；copycat意为“盲目模仿者”；pirate意为“盗窃”；borrow意为“借用”。句意：纳米技术似乎掌握着关键，使建筑和建筑材料能够复制自然系统的特征，在数百万年中不断改善直到完美。10. 单选题Part of the cost of many articles is taken as tax by the government （ ）the community.问题1选项A.in place ofB.on account ofC.in terms ofD.on behalf of【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。in place of意为“代替”；on account of意为“由于”；in terms of意为“依据，按照”；on behalf of意为“代表，为了”。句意：部分物品的费用以税收的形式由政府代表社会征收。11. 单选题Many in the business world accept that the success of a commercial venture heavily dependent on the people working within it. People are（1）make a business successful, whether it is the lowest paid employees within the organization or（2）management. Engaged employees are usually happy employees who are more（3）as they have a natural and genuine interest in the（4）of the organization.Staff becomes engaged because of a number of issues and it is essential that business owners and managers（5）these emotions. However, the first part of ensuring that people are connected with a common goal is to get recruitment（6）. Recruiting should include a number of questions（7）at getting an understanding of a persons motivations and desires. Once recruited, communication is key to ensuring that levels of engagement do not wane. For instance, change is often（8）with workers. However they are far more likely to（9）into change when the reasons for it and the potential benefits are clearly laid out.Instilling a sense of pride and passion in a brand, product or ethos is vital in（10）engaged employees. If people enjoy what they do and feel empowered to shape the direction of a company, they are far more likely to produce better results and work to the best of their ability.问题1选项A.whoB.howC.thatD.what问题2选项A.seniorB.chiefC.highD.tall问题3选项A.productiveB.effectiveC.validD.available问题4选项A.estatesB.assetsC.fortunesD.possessions问题5选项A.applyB.utilizeC.executeD.hire问题6选项A.wellB.overC.rightD.up问题7选项A.aimedB.focusedC.intendedD.engaged问题8选项A.addictiveB.unpopularC.satisfyingD.rewarding问题9选项A.shiftB.fallC.buyD.revolve问题10选项A.bearingB.raisingC.feedingD.delivering【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B【解析】第1题:考查连词。分析句子结构，可知“（ ）make a business successful”为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，排除how与that，再根据句意“人是使企业成功的关键”，因此用what引导表示从句并在句中做主语。第2题:考查上下文语义。or表示并列关系，由前面的the lowest paid employees within the organization（组织内薪酬最低的员工）可知此处对应的是“高级管理层”，因此选A。第3题:考查形容词辨析。productive意为“多产的”；effective意为“有效的”；valid意为“有根据的，有效的”；available意为“可获得的”。此处表示有参与感的员工通常是多产的。第4题:考查名词辨析。estate意为“财产，遗产”；asset意为“资产，财产”；fortune意为“命运”；possession意为“拥有”。此处表示关注组织的命运。第5题:考查动词辨析。apply意为“应用，运用”；utilize意为“利用，使用”；execute意为“执行”；hire意为“聘用”。此处表示企业主和管理者必须利用这些情绪。第6题:考查副词辨析。well意为“相当，大大地”；over意为“穿过，落下”；right意为“合理地，正确地”；up意为“向上，在上面”；get recruitment意为“招聘”，后面的内容提到如何招聘，可推测此处指正确地招聘，因此选C。第7题:考查固定搭配。aim at意为“旨在，目标在于”。此句表示招聘应包括一些问题旨在了解一个人的动机和愿望。第8题:考查上下文语义。be unpopular with意为“不受欢迎”，此处表示改变往往不受员工欢迎。第9题:考查动词辨析。shift意为“改变”；fall意为“落下”；buy意为“购买”；revolve意为“旋转，环绕”。此处表示当明确说明其原因和潜在利益时，他们更有可能发生改变。第10题:考查上下文语义。bear意为“忍受”；raise意为“增加，提高”；feed意为“喂养”；deliver意为“发表，递送”。由后面的produce better results and work to the best of their ability（获得更好的结果，并能最大限度地发挥他们的能力）可推测前面指提高员工的参与度，因此选B。12. 单选题The allies suffered less than 20 （ ）while enemy losses were said to be high.问题1选项A.casualtiesB.consequencesC.calamitiesD.severities【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。casualty意为“(战争或事故的) 伤员，伤亡”；consequence意为“结果，后果”；calamity意为“灾祸，灾难”；severity意为“严重”。句意：同盟国遭受伤亡的人数不到20，而敌人的伤亡据说很高。13. 单选题The press in America is particularly important because, （1）than in any other country, it is recognized as having a responsible role to（2）in relation to one aspect of the process of government. The press（3）is an American invention, and it began to be important（4）the form of a meeting between President and（5）in which the President（6）question. Press conferences take place all（7）the world now, but the presidential press conference is an institution（8）gives us a key（9）the special role America（10）to the press and to the newspapermen. The British parliament has its question time（11）each day Members of Parliament（12）question to ministers in charge of（13）departments, and some European parliaments have something of（14）kind. There is no possibility（15）such a device in the United States Congress because heads of executive departments are not members of（16）Thus the executive has no political platform（17）which to explain its（18）and give information. President Franklin Roosevelt showed the advantages of using the Press for such（19）when he called regular meetings of newspapermen（20）which he invited questions.问题1选项A.lessB.moreC.ratherD.greater问题2选项A.performB.conductC.doD.make问题3选项A.sessionB.meetC.meetingD.conference问题4选项A.atB.withC.inD.for问题5选项A.ministerB.officialsC.opponentsD.journalists问题6选项A.repliedB.replied toC.answered toD.returned问题7选项A.overB.roundC.upD.though问题8选项A.whereB.whatC.whichD.it问题9选项A.forB.atC.towardsD.to问题10选项A.resignsB.assignsC.designsD.assists问题11选项A.whenB.onC.forD.in问题12选项A.answerB.respondC.addressD.serve问题13选项A.executiveB.managementC.executionD.direction问题14选项A.sameB.a sameC.the sameD.the similar问题15选项A.forB.toC.aboutD.of问题16选项A.itB.themC.importanceD.significance问题17选项A.withB.throughC.forD.in问题18选项A.viewsB.pointsC.standsD.locations问题19选项A.sakeB.saveC.intentionsD.purposes问题20选项A.inB.onC.atD.for【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:D第16题:A第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D第20题:C【解析】第1题:考查逻辑关系。由前面的“新闻在美国尤其重要”可推测此处表示比较，比在其他国家更重要，因此填more。第2题:考查固定搭配。perform a role意为“扮演角色”。第3题:考查固定搭配。the press conference意为“新闻发布会，记者招待会”，后面句子也提到了Press conferences。第4题:考查固定搭配。in the form of意为“以的形式”。第5题:考查逻辑关系。根据上下文，可知此处为记者招待会，故应为总统与记者的见面，因此选D。第6题:考查动词辨析。answer作动词时，后面直接跟宾语；rely一般作不及物动词，后面接to，reply to意为“回答，答复”。第7题:考查固定搭配。all over the world意为“全世界”。第8题:考查定语从句。从句中缺少主语，先行词an institution表示物，因此用which引导定语从句。第9题:考查固定搭配。a key to.意为“的关键”。第10题:考查固定搭配。assign.to意为“赋予（某功能或价值）”。第11题:考查定语从句。先行词time表示时间，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句。第12题:考查动词辨析。answer意为“答复”；respond意为“回答，响应”；address意为“对发话”；serve意为“（为）服务”。此处表示议员向行政官员发问，因此选C。第13题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示负责行政部门的部长，与后文中的heads of executive departments相对应，因此选A。第14题:考查固定搭配。same一般与定冠词the连用，the same意为“一样的”。第15题:考查介词辨析。of意为“的”，此处表示的可能性。第16题:考查逻辑关系。根据上下文可知行政部门不是United States Congress（美国国会）的成员，因此用it指代美国国会，选A。第17题:考查介词辨析。此处表示这些行政官员没有地方通过论坛的形式解释他们的观点，因此填through（通过）。第18题:考查逻辑关系。由后面的give information（提供信息）可知此处与explain views（解释观点）像对应。第19题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示利用新闻达到这样的目的，因此填purpose。第20题:考查固定搭配。空格后的which指的是meeting，此处表示在会议上，总统要求大家提出问题。at the meeting意为“在会议上”。14. 单选题The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual（1）and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization.This is, as it were, his professional equipment, （2）this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work（3）his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult other（4）his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding（5）with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to（6）rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently（7）of him in such work.Bearing in mind the nature of the translators work, i.e, the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking（8）that he should be able to speak the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage（9）a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can（10）with. It is, however, desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to knowing how proper names and place names are pronounced.问题1选项A.applicationB.useC.utilityD.usage问题2选项A.More thanB.Except forC.Because ofD.In addition to问题3选项A.ofB.byC.forD.on问题4选项A.shouldB.whenC.becauseD.if问题5选项A.familiarityB.acquaintanceC.knowledgeD.skill问题6选项A.changeB.transformC.turnD.switch问题7选项A.lackedB.requiredC.facedD.confronted问题8选项A.essentialB.unnecessaryC.advantageousD.useless问题9选项A.overB.despiteC.rather thanD.instead问题10选项A.dealB.concernC.workD.do away【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B第6题:D第7题:B第8题:B第9题:C第10题:D【解析】第1题:考查名词辨析。application意为“应用，运用”，指理论知识的运用；use意为“使用”，指工具等的使用；utility意为“效用，有用”，指有效地使用某物使其发挥效用；usage意为“使用”，指具体的用法。 language of habitual use表示“习惯性使用语言”，指语言的适用。第2题:考查上下文语义。此处表示翻译人员除了应具备前面所说的基本知识外，还应有好学的品质。more than意为“不只是”；except for意为“除之外”；because of意为“因为，由于”；in addition to意为“另外，除之外（还）”。第3题:考查固定搭配。on ones own意为“靠自己”。第4题:考查虚拟语气。此处是if对将来的虚拟，从句中省略了if，采用部分倒装。第5题:考查固定搭配。a nodding acquaintance意为“点头之交”。第6题:考查动词辨析。change from.to意为“从变成”；transform意为“改变，改观”；turn意为“转变”；switch意为“转换，交换”。此处表示从一种语言转换到另一种语言。第7题:考查固定搭配。be lacked of意为“缺乏”；require sth.of sb.意为“对某人有某物的要求”；be faced with意为“面临”；be confronted with意为“面对，面临”。第8题:考查上下文语义，由前面的the nature of the translators work, the processing of the written, it is（译者工作的性质即文字的处理）和后面的be able to speak the language he is dealing with（能够说他正在处理的语言）可知严格来说他不必会讲他说处理的语言。第9题:考查连词。此处表示是优势而不是障碍，rather than意为“而不是”，instead需要与of一起连用，才能表示“而不是”。第10题:考查固定搭配。deal with意为“处理”；concern不与with连用；work with意为“工作”；do away with意为“废除，消灭”。15. 单选题His back injury has（ ）him unfit for work, so he has no alternative but to live on relief payment.问题1选项A.renderedB.devastatedC.reckonedD.hindered【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。render意为“使成为，使变得”；devastate意为“破坏”；reckon意为“测算，估计”；hinder意为“阻碍，妨碍”。句意：他的背伤使他无法工作，因此，他别无选择只能依靠救济金生活。16. 单选题Which of the following sentences expresses probability?问题1选项A.You must leave immediately.B.You must be feeling rather tired.C.You must be here by eight oclock.D.You must complete reading assignment on time.【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。题干：下面哪个句子表达“可能性”？must作情态动词，可以表示命令或推测。B选项表示推测，其他选项表示命令。17. 单选题By （ ）all of the more difficult questions by the press, the mayor aroused suspicion that he was not well informed in the issues.问题1选项A.avoidingB.consideringC.answeringD.requesting【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。avoid意为“避免”；consider意为“考虑”；answer意为“答复”；request意为“要求”。句意：通过回避媒体提出的所有更棘手的问题，市长引起了人们的怀疑，人们认为他不了解这个问题。18. 单选题Trying military wrongdoers may annoy the armed forces, and （ ）a fresh conflict.问题1选项A.proliferateB.provokeC.nurtureD.proclaim【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。proliferate意为“激增，猛增”；provoke意为“激起，挑起”；nurture意为“养育”；proclaim意为“宣告，公布”。句意：尝试军事犯罪的不法分子可能会打乱军事力量，从而激起新的矛盾。19. 单选题The police （ ）him about his movements at the line of the crime.问题1选项A.chuckledB.blurtedC.grilledD.pried【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。chuckle意为“轻声地笑”；blurt意为“突然说出，脱口而出”；grill意为“盘问，审问”；pry意为“打听，刺探”。句意：警察在审问了他关于他在犯罪现场的行动。20. 单选题If Walker becomes governor, he is going to （ ）the sales tax in our state.问题1选项A.abolishB.abstainC.abscondD.absent【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。abolish意为“废除，废止”；abstain意为“戒（尤指酒），戒除”； abscond意为“（尤指逃避逮捕）潜逃，逃跑”；absent意为“缺席的，不在场的”。句意：如果沃克成为了州长，他将要废除我们州的营业税。