2022-2023年考博英语-武汉理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第2期

2022-2023年考博英语-武汉理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题巩固和加强同广大发展中国家的团结与合作，始终是中国外交的基本立足点，也是中国全方位对外合作的重要组成部分。历史证明，只要我们从长远考虑，妥善处理彼此的分歧，我们就能在国际经济、贸易、金融、环境等重大问题上发出一致声音，提高我们的影响力，维护我们的共同利益。近年来，中国对与其他发展中国家合作的投入不断增加，合作的形式日益丰富。虽然中国本身受到金融危机的严峻影响，中国仍将在力所能及的范围内继续向其他发展中国家提供援助。中国领导人相继提出了同发展中国家加强合作、实现共同发展的重大举措。作为人口众多的发展中国家，中国面临加快自身发展的问题。中国将始终不渝地奉行互利共赢的开放战略，与广大发展中国家一道，为推动建设一个更加和谐、繁荣的世界做出贡献。【答案】To consolidate and strengthen solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries, is always the fundamental standpoint of Chinas diplomacy, is also a comprehensive international cooperation is an important part of China. History proves that as long as we think about the longer term, properly handle their differences, we can in the international economic and trade on such major issues consistent sound financial environment, improve our influence, our common interests. In recent years, Chinas investment in cooperation with other developing countries continue to increase, in the form of cooperation is becoming more and more rich. Although China itself is affected by the serious financial crisis, China will still be within the scope of the power to continue to provide assistance to other developing countries. Chinas leaders have been put forward to strengthen cooperation with developing countries a major measure for achieving common development. As a populous developing country, China is faced with the problem of accelerating the development of their own. China will unswervingly pursue the win-win strategy of opening up, along with developing countries, to promote the construction of a more harmonious and prosperous world.2. 单选题One airline chief executive officer (CEO) was the master of the personal touch. Spending hours with his employees and getting to know their jobs, he persuaded them to accept pay cuts in return for an ownership stake. The concession put the company so solidly in the black that the CEO was able to sell it for $860 million. Another CEO scolded managers in front of others, cut one third of the work force and so embittered the survivors that his airline began to lose money, and the board of directors fired him.In any test of knowledge or IQ, the two CEOs could have dueled to a draw. The difference was the ability to handle relationships, argues Daniel Goleman in his new book, working with Emotional Intelligence. Building on his 1995 bestseller, Emotioned Intelligence, Goleman now probes how EI relates to the world of work. As he did in his earlier book, Goleman masterfully explains how a low EI hinders peoples full intellectual potential by flooding the brain with stress hormones that impair memory, learning and thinking. The heart of the book, though, is an analysis of data collected from more than 150 firms on what distinguishes so-so performers from superstars. Golemans findings: conventional intelligence takes second position to emotional intelligence in determining job performance. In jobs ranging from repairman to scientist, IQ accounts for no more than 25 percent of the difference between, say, a successful high-tech entrepreneur and a failed one. In another surprise, the contribution of IQ shrinks and the contribution of EI rises with difficulty of a job and how high it ranks in an organization. Based on traits that companies say distinguish winners from losers, Goleman concludes that EI carries much more weight than IQ in determining success at the top.However, the many examples of CEOs and other people in top positions who have the emotional intelligence of a snake-but still were CEOs-undermine the case for EPS indispensability in business. But even if you accept that EI determines who excels, you have to wonder if it should. Goleman describes how 112 entry-level accountants were judged more or less successful (by their bosses) according to their level of EI rather than their actual skills. No wonder so many auditors fail to notice cooked books.1. According to Goleman, the biggest difference between the two CEOs described in the first paragraph lies in _.2. Golemans new book Working with Emotional Intelligence is chiefly about _.3. According to Goleman, which of the following persons owes the most to EI for his/her success?4. The phrase “cooked books” in the last sentence most probably means _.问题1选项A.their attitude toward their employeesB.their emotional intelligenceC.their conventional intelligenceD.their business strategy问题2选项A.the difference between IQ and EIB.the relationship between EI and job performanceC.the role of EI in a persons successD.the importance of handling personal relationships问题3选项A.President of a companyB.Manager of the personnel departmentC.Manager of the sales departmentD.Plumber问题4选项A.falsified account booksB.books containing information for preparation of foodC.damaged booksD.pirated books【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第一段，文章提到两个CEO对待他们的员工有不同的方法。B选项“他们的情商”，关于两位CEO的比较结果在第二段段首体现，两位CEO最主要的区别是处理各种关系的能力，也就是下文讨论的情商，故本题答案应为B。A选项“他们对员工的态度”，在第一段提到，但它只是情商的具体表现形式。C选项“他们的传统智慧”，第二段首句指出两位CEO的知识或智商水平都几近持平，可排除。D选项“他们的业务策略”，原文没有提到此内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句The difference was the ability to handle relationships, argues Daniel Goleman in his new book, working with Emotional Intelligence.（丹尼尔戈尔曼在他的新书如何处理情商中指出，差异在于处理人际关系的能力）。这里解释了本书的内容，本书主要探讨情商和工作的关系，因此B选项“EI与工作绩效的关系”正确。A选项“IQ和EI之间的区别”，虽在书中有提及，但不是主要内容。C选项“EI在一个人的成功中所起的作用”，虽在书中有提及，但不是主要内容，可排除。D选项“处理人际关系的重要性”，虽在书中有提及，但不是主要内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第三段倒数第二句Goleman describes how 112 entry-level accountants were judged more or less successful (by their bosses) according to their level of EI rather than their actual skills.（戈尔曼描述了112名初级会计师（他们的老板）是如何根据他们的EI水平而不是他们的实际技能来判断他们是否成功的）。从该句可推测：工作性质越重要，EI的作用就越大。A选项“公司总裁”，根据文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“人事部经理”，文章没有提到这一点，因此可排除。C选项“销售部经理”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“水管工”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义理解题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句No wonder so many auditors fail to notice cooked books.（难怪这么多审计师没有注意到造假的账目）。这里谈的是审计员的情况，因此可推测cooked books和cook的基本意思“做饭”无关，book的意思不是“书”，而是和审计会计有关的意思“账簿”。A选项“伪造会计账簿”符合句意，A选项正确。B选项“载有烹调食物资料的书籍”，可排除。C选项“破损图书”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“盗版书”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题A generation of e-mailing, followed by an explosion in texting, has pushed the telephone conversation into serious decline, creating new tensions between baby boomers and millennial-those in their teens, 20s and early 30s.Nearly all age groups are spending less time talking on the phone; boomers in their mid-5Os and early 60s are the only ones still yakking as they did when Ma Bell was Americas communications queen. But the fall of the call is driven by 18-to-34-year-olds, whose average monthly voice minutes have plunged from about 1,200 to 900 in the past two years, according to the research by Nielsen. Texting among 18-to-24-year-olds has more than doubled in the same period, from an average of 600 messages a month two years ago to more than 1, 400 texts a month, according to Nielsen.Young people say they avoid voice calls because the immediacy of a phone call strips them of the control that they have over the arguably less-intimate pleasures of texting, e-mailing, or Face booking. They even complain that phone calls are by their nature impolite, more of an interruption than the blip of an arriving text. The bias, against unexpected phone calls stems in good part from the way texting and e-mail have conditioned young people to be cautious about how they communicate when they are not face to face, experts, say.Deborah Tannen, a linguistics professor at Georgetown University who studies how people converse in everyday life, said older generations misinterpret the way younger people use their cellphones. “One student told me that it takes her days to call her parents back and the parents thought she was intentionally putting them off.” she said. “But the parents didnt get it. Its the medium.”The difference in communications preferences has created a palpable perception gap between young adults and their parents. Jane Beard, who coaches business leaders on public speaking, said that when her niece, Lindsay Spencer, 20, “is in classes at the University of Maryland, Ill never hear from her until she comes over to do the laundry. We text multiple times a day.”But Beard is understanding about the change in ways of conversing. Not all parents are quite that open to new ways. “My mom gets offended,” said Muggaga Kintu, 32, an administrative assistant at Walter Reed Army Medical Center who prefers texting or calling on his own time when hes not around patients. “She thinks I dont want to hear from her, and thats not the case. One day she called me when I was at work, and I told her, Instead of calling me, can you text me? What? You dont like to hear from me? You dont like the sound of my voice? She said.”1. Who drives the decline of telephone conversation according to the research by Nielsen?2. Why do the young people avoid phone calls?3. What do experts say about young peoples bias against unexpected phone calls?4. According to Deborah Tannen, the older generations should recognize that _.5. What can we conclude based on the experiences of Jane Beard and Muggaga Kintu?A. The less popularity of phone calls should arouse the youngs concern.B. Lives have changed fundamentally due to the change of communication.C. Answering a phone call causes great pressure on the young.D. Perception gap emerges due to different communication preferences.问题1选项A.Baby boomers.B.Millennials.C.18-to-34-year-olds.D.18-to-24-year-olds.问题2选项A.They feel they are deprived of control.B.They feel not intimate enough to have phone calls.C.They want to make shorter conversations.D.They fall victim to the neglect of phone calls.问题3选项A.It is because they are afraid that they may be seen as rude or intrusive.B.It roots in the way that e-mails and texts enable them to make more careful responses.C.They tend to make an appointment by texting before they call.D.They become less addicted to face-to-face communication.问题4选项A.their children are just too busy to replyB.its the medium that makes differenceC.children complain about the frequent callsD.they are intruding their childrens lives问题5选项A.their children are just too busy to replyB.its the medium that makes differenceC.children complain about the frequent callsD.they are intruding their childrens lives【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第三句But the fall of the call is driven by 18-to-34-year-olds, whose average monthly voice minutes have plunged from about 1,200 to 900 in the past two years, according to the research by Nielsen.（尼尔森公司的调查显示，18岁至34岁的年轻人是通话次数减少的主要原因，在过去两年中，他们每月平均通话时间从1200分钟下降到900分钟）。C选项“18到34岁的人群”，文章所说，18-34岁通话的人数减少，因此C选项正确。A选项“婴儿潮出生的一代人”，婴儿不能使用手机通话，因此A选项可排除。B选项“千禧之子”，文章只是说千禧一代的通话减少，但并不是主要原因。D选项“18到24岁的人群”，文章所说，这个时代的人，短信数量激增，因此也可排除D。因此正确答案为C选项。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第三段第一句Young people say they avoid voice calls because the immediacy of a phone call strips them of the control（年轻人说，他们不喜欢打语音电话，因为电话的即时性使他们失去了控制权）。A选项“他们觉得自己被剥夺了控制权”，符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“他们觉得没有亲密到可以打电话”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“他们想要进行简短的对话”，他们认为打电话是一种打扰，并不是简短的对话，C选项可排除。D选项“他们成了忽视电话的受害者”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为A选项。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句The bias, against unexpected phone calls stems in good part from the way texting and e-mail have conditioned young people to be cautious about how they communicate when they are not face to face, experts, say.（专家表示，这种对“意外来电”的偏见很大程度上源于短信和电子邮件的方式，这种方式使年轻人在非面对面交流时谨慎对待交流方式）。B选项“它的根源在于，电子邮件和短信使他们能够做出更谨慎的回应”，符合文章所说的内容，短信和电子邮件使年轻人有更谨慎的回应，因此B选项正确。A选项“这是因为他们害怕他们可能会被认为是粗鲁或侵犯”，A选项的情节过于严重，文章是说他们认为打电话是一种打扰，A选项可排除。C选项“他们倾向于在打电话之前先发短信预约”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“他们不太喜欢面对面的交流”，这并不是造成他们对打电话的偏见的主要原因，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句One student told me that it takes her days to call her parents back and the parents thought she was intentionally putting them off.” she said. “But the parents didnt get it. Its the medium”.（“一个学生告诉我，她花了好几天时间给父母回电话，而父母认为她是故意拖延。”她说。“但家长们并不理解。它是媒介”）。B选项“这是不同的媒介”，父母和孩子对待打电话的观念不一样，孩子认为打电话属于一种媒介，父母却不理解，因此B选项正确。A选项“他们的孩子只是太忙了，没有时间回复”，文章并没有提到此内容，因此可排除A选项。C选项“孩子们抱怨频繁的电话”，文章没有提到孩子抱怨接电话，可排除。D选项“他们正在干涉孩子们的生活”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段第一句The difference in communications preferences has created a palpable perception gap between young adults and their parents.（在沟通偏好上的差异已经在年轻人和他们的父母之间造成了一个明显的认知鸿沟）最后一段最后一句One day she called me when I was at work, and I told her, Instead of calling me, can you text me? What? You dont like to hear from me? You dont like the sound of my voice? She said.”（ 有一天她在我工作的时候给我打电话，我告诉她，“你能不能别给我打电话，发个短信给我？”“什么？你不喜欢我的消息吗？你不喜欢我的声音吗？”她说）。可推测年轻人与父母沟通方式上产生着差异。D选项“由于沟通偏好的不同，产生了感知差距”，符合文章内容，D选项正确。A选项“电话越来越少应该引起年轻人的关注”，从这两位的话语，并不能体现这个内容，可排除A。B选项“通讯方式的改变从根本上改变了人们的生活”，文中只是说父母和年轻人的通讯方式不一样，并没有从根本上发生改变。B选项可排除。C选项“接电话对年轻人造成很大的压力”，年轻人只是不喜欢接电话，并不是说接电话会让他们产生较大的压力。因此正确答案为D选项。4. 单选题The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 as the head of the Democratic Party and served until 1837. During his second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party, Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between “the people” farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats. This “paper money aristocracy” of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing: the dominance of urban centers; and the loss came with it.Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic development were agents of civilization. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other. Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity. The governments responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability.Whigs and Democrats differed not only in their attitudes toward the market but also about how active the central government should be in peoples lives. Despite Andrew Jacksons inclination to be a strong President, Democrats as a rule believed in limited government. Governments role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies and special privileges. In keeping with this philosophy of limited government, Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept clearly separate, and they generally opposed humanitarian legislation.The Whigs, in contrast, viewed government power positively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was ineffective. By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social-reform legislation and aid to education.In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semi-subsistence farming that were more isolated and pitiful economically.1. The author mentions “bankers and investors” in the passage as an example of which of the following?2. According to paragraph 2, Whigs believed that commerce and economic development would have which of the following effects on society?3. A Democrat would be most likely to support government action in which of the following areas?4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about variations in political reliefs within the Whig Party?5. According to the last paragraph, the Democrats were supported by all of the following groups EXCEPT_.问题1选项A.The Democratic Partys main source of support.B.The people that Democrats claimed were unfairly becoming rich.C.The people most interested in a return to a simple agrarian republic.D.One of the groups in favor of Andrew Jacksons presidency.问题2选项A.They would promote the advancement of society as a whole.B.They would cause disagreements between Whigs and Democrats.C.They would supply new positions for Whig Party members.D.They would prevent conflict between farmers and workers.问题3选项A.Creating a state religion.B.Supporting humanitarian legislation.C.Destroying monopolies.D.Recommending particular moral beliefs.问题4选项A.They were focused on issues of public liberty.B.They caused some members to leave the Whig party.C.They were unimportant to most Whigs.D.They reflected regional inter.问题5选项A.workers unhappy with the new industrial systemB.planters involve in international tradeC.rising entrepreneursD.individuals seeking to open the economy to newcomers【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文中第一段倒数第三句Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth.（民主党人宣称，这个由银行家和投资者组成的“纸币贵族”为了自己的利益操纵了银行系统，并通过鼓励投机和对突然的不劳而获的财富的渴望削弱了国家的美德），B选项“民主党宣称的那些人正在不公平地变得富有”，符合文章内容，因此B选项正确。A选项“民主党的主要支持者”，在文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“人们对回归简单的农业共和国最感兴趣”，文章所说的是不牺牲简单的农业共和国的特征，因此C选项可排除。D选项“支持安德鲁杰克逊担任总统的团体之一”，文章并没有提到银行家和投资者是支持总统的团体，可排除C选项。因此B选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity.（经济增长将通过提高国民收入和扩大机会而使每个人受益），可推测，社会将因此而进步。A选项“他们将促进整个社会的进步”符合题意，A选项正确。B选项“他们会引起辉格党和民主党之间的分歧”，造成辉格党和民主党的分歧在于对市场的态度，因此可排除B选项。C选项“他们将为辉格党成员提供新的职位”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“他们将防止农民和工人之间的冲突”，文章所说辉格党也没有设想农民和工人与商人和银行家之间的社会冲突，D选项可排除。因此A选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“创立国教”，文章没有提到“创建国教”的内容，因此A选项可排除。B选项“支持人道主义的立法”，文章所说“民主党认为宗教和政治应该明确分开，他们普遍反对人道主义立法”。因此B选项可排除。C选项“摧毁垄断”，文章最后一段所说“民主党吸引了与市场隔绝或对市场感到不安的农民、被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，以及希望打破垄断”，因此C选项正确。D选项“推荐特定的道德信仰”，文章倒数第二段所说“民主党人也拒绝接受道德信仰是政府行为的适当范围的观点。”D选项可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段。A选项“他们关注的是公众自由问题”，文章没有提到辉格党是关注公众问题，可排除。B选项“他们导致一些成员离开辉格党”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“他们对大多数辉格党来说并不重要”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“它们反映了区域间的相互关系”，文章提到辉格党还认为，政府权力应该用来促进国家的道德福利，因此可推测，这是辉格党内部政治救济的差异，D选项正确。因此D选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干，