考研考博-考博英语-浙江工业大学模拟考试题含答案22

考研考博-考博英语-浙江工业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Sending a child to school in England is a step which many parents do not find easy to take. In theory, at least, the problem is that there are very many choices to make.Let us try to list some of the alternatives between which parents are forced to decide. To begin with, they may ask themselves whether they would like their child to go to a single-sex school or a co-educational school. They may also consider whether he should go to a school which is connected to a particular church or religious group, or whether the school should have no such connections. Another decision is whether the school should be one of the vast majority financed by the State or one of the very small but influential minority of private schools, though this choice is, of course, only available to the small number of those who can pay. Also connected with the question of money is whether the child should go to a boarding school or live at home. Then there is the question of what the child should do at school. Should it be a school whose curriculum lays emphasis, for instance, on necessary skills, such as reading, writing and mathematics, or one which pays more attention to developing the childs personality, morally, emotionally and socially. Finally, with dissatisfaction with conventional education as great as it is in some circles in England and certainly in the USA, the question might even arise in the parents minds as to whether the child should be compelled to go to school at all. Although in practice, some parents may not think twice about any of these choices and send their child to the only school available in the immediate neighbourhood，any parent who is interested enough can insist that as many choices as possible be made open to him, and the system is theoretically supposed to provide them.44. Parents find choosing a school hard because（ ）.45. According to the passage, some parents, if allowed, might let their children stay at home because they（ ）.46. What is implied at the very end of the passage?问题1选项A.there is a limited number of choicesB.some schools are very expensiveC.some schools are government schoolsD.they are faced with a variety of offers问题2选项A.dont find conventional education satisfactoryB.dont know how to choose among different schoolsC.intend to educate their children themselvesD.find conventional education too expensive to pay for问题3选项A.Most parents are unconcerned about the choices available to them.B.Interested parents can request more school choices be open to them.C.The educational system may not provide as many choices as expected.D.Most parents usually send their children to the schools nearby.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B【解析】44.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第二句话In theory, at least, the problem is that there are very many choices to make.（至少在理论上，问题是需要做出很多选择。）也就是说在理论上，父母至少有很多选择，文章还列举了很多可供选择的学校模式。故父母给孩子选择一所学校很困难是因为有太多选择，D选项“他们面临各种各样的学校选择”正确；A选项“选择的数量有限”；B选项“有些学校很贵”以及C选项“有些学校是公立学校”都不是原文的观点。45.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二句Finally, with dissatisfaction with conventional education as great as it is in some circles in England and certainly in the USA, the question might even arise in the parents minds as to whether the child should be compelled to go to school at all.（最后，由于对传统教育的不满，在英国的一些圈子，在美国也有，关于孩子是否应该被强迫去上学的问题可能出现在父母的脑海中。）也就是说由于家长对于传统教育的不满，他们可能会考虑是否让孩子去上学，因此A选项“传统教育并不令人满意”符合题意。B选项“不知道如何在不同的学校中进行选择”；C选项“打算自己教育孩子”以及D选项“发现传统教育太昂贵而无法支付”并不是文章中提出的父母可能不送孩子去上学的原因。46.事实细节题。根据选项关键词定位到最后一句Although in practice, some parents may not think twice about any of these . can insist that as many choices as possible be made open to him, and the system is theoretically supposed to provide them.（虽然在实践中，有些父母可能并不会考虑这些选择，而是把孩子送到附近唯一可以去的的学校，但是有足够兴趣的父母能够坚持要求开放尽可能多的选择，并且，这种选择学校的体制从理论上讲，应该提供这些选择。）由以可知，教育制度并没有提供那么多，而是它有义务开放却没有做到。因此B选项“有兴趣的家长可以要求更多的学校向他们开放”正确。A选项“大多数父母并不关心他们所能做的选择”，并不符合文意；C选项“教育系统提供的选择可能没有预期的那么多”，这个是正确的，但是是表面信息，更深层层次应该是“家长应该要求更多的学校向他们开放”，也就是B选项；D选项“大多数父母通常把他们的孩子送到附近的学校”，这也不是文章所暗示的，只是有提到。2. 翻译题How would you complete this sentence: “This is The Age of .”? Every generation of writers has filled in the dots not only for their own age, but for selected past ages. I would fill in the dots by saying that this is the age of computers, or more sharply, the age of mathematizations. The computer is the prime and driving mechanism of the age and in all computer applications there resides some sort of mathematical construction. It is an age when applied mathematizations affect us all, for good, for bad, for somewhere in between, and these effects may not develop or become apparent for some while.Mathematics is now so universally employed that its teaching cannot be encompassed in one department. CAD/CAM (computer aided design/manufacture) is now in dentistry. Does the dentistry development require engineering talent? Should its techniques be taught in an engineering department? One can truly wonder what courses should comprise the basic training for the applied mathematician or computer scientist.I have spent a good fraction of my professional life in what might be termed “a traditional department of applied mathematics”. By “traditional” I mean a department that stresses the mathematics that models physical phenomena, or to a lesser extent, that models social phenomena via statistics. The word “traditional” can also be explicated by noting the specific courses that are given in such a department. In my department at Brown University, for example, there are graduate courses in biophysical models, genomics, operations research, statistical inference, dynamical systems.and fluids. This represents a change from a half century ago, when my department was a renowned research center for solid mechanics: elasticity, plasticity, etc.The word “traditional” can also be explicated by the well-known paradigmatic sequence: Descriptionpredictioncomparisonre-tinkering the description. But there is now another type of applied mathematics whose paradigm is: Prescriptionadoptionsurveillance and societal evaluationre-prescription.【答案】你会怎么补充这句话：“这是一个_的时代？”每一代作家不仅为自己的时代，也为所选的过去的时代填满了点。我会说，这是计算机的时代，或者更确切地说，是数学的时代。计算机是这个时代的基本和驱动机制，在所有计算机应用中都存在着某种数学结构。这是一个应用数学影响我们所有人的时代，或好或坏，或介于两者之间，这些影响可能在一段时间内不会发展或变得明显。数学现在被广泛使用，以至于它的教学不能集中在一个系内。CAD/CAM（计算机辅助设计/制造）现在应用于牙科。牙科发展需要工程人才吗？它的技术应该在工程系教授吗？人们确实想知道，应用数学家或计算机科学家应该接受哪些课程的基本训练。在我的职业生涯中，我花了相当一部分时间在一个可以被称为“传统应用数学系”的院系中。所谓“传统”，我指的是一个强调数学建模物理现象的院系，或者在较小程度上，通过统计学建模社会现象的院系。“传统的”一词还可以解释为这样一个系所开设的具体课程。例如，我在布朗大学的系里有生物物理模型、基因组学、运筹学、统计推理、动力系统和流体等研究生课程。这代表了半个世纪前的变化，当时我的系是一个著名的固体力学研究中心：弹性，塑性等。“传统”这个词也可以用一个著名的范例序列来解释：描述预测比较重新修改描述。但现在有另一种类型的应用数学，其范式是：处方采用监督和社会评估重新处方。3. 单选题Some people were just born to rebel; Charles Darwin was one of them.（16）Nicholas Copernicus, Benjamin Franklin and Bill Gates. They were（17）“laterborns”-that is, they had（18）one older sibling-brother or sister -when they were born.（19）, laterborns are up to 15 times more likely than firstborns to（20）authority and break new（21）, says Frank J. Sulloway, a researcher scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.In his book “Born To Rebel” being（22）this week, Sulloway claims that（23）someone is an older or younger sibling is the most important（24）shaping personality is more significant than gender, race, nationality （25）class.He spent 26 years（26）the lives - and birth orders - of 6, 566 historical（27）to reach his conclusions.A laterborn himself, Sulloway first（28）how birth order affected personality（29）a scholar of Darwin at Harvard University.“How could a somewhat（30）student at Cambridge become the most（31）thinker in the 19th century?” he said.Darwin, the first to（32）the belief that God created the world with his theory of evolution, was the fifth of six children. Most of his（33）were firstborns.Sulloways theory held（34）with Copernicus, the first astronomer to（35）that the Sun was the center of the universe, and computer revolutionary Gates of Microsoft.问题1选项A.LikewiseB.LikelyC.AlikeD.Unlike问题2选项A.bothB.neitherC.allD.either问题3选项A.at bestB.at leastC.at mostD.at worst问题4选项A.In shortB.In detailC.In allD.In fact问题5选项A.resistB.declineC.fleeD.prevent问题6选项A.baseB.landC.soilD.ground问题7选项A.dismissedB.releasedC.dischargedD.reminded问题8选项A.whetherB.ifC.sinceD.when问题9选项A.roleB.partC.factorD.case问题10选项A.besidesB.orC.exceptD.but问题11选项A.perceivingB.watchingC.arrangingD.studying问题12选项A.numbersB.figuresC.experiencesD.recordings问题13选项A.wonderedB.describedC.requestedD.posed问题14选项A.onB.asC.aboutD.by问题15选项A.neutralB.brilliantC.commonplaceD.promising问题16选项A.questionableB.evolutionaryC.traditionalD.revolutionary问题17选项A.provokeB.summonC.challengeD.reinforce问题18选项A.followersB.counterpartsC.opponentsD.proponents问题19选项A.exactB.trueC.genuineD.real问题20选项A.theorizeB.originateC.inventD.propose【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:B第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B第11题:D第12题:B第13题:D第14题:B第15题:C第16题:D第17题:C第18题:C第19题:B第20题:D【解析】16.考查副词辨析。A选项likewise“同样地，照样地”；B选项likely“很可能的”；C选项alike“相同地，相似地”；D选项unlike“不同地，不相似地”。句意：_，尼古拉哥白尼，本杰明弗兰克林和比尔盖茨也都属于此列。从意思上来看，只有likewise和alike符合，但二者用法不同：alike一般用作表语，作副词时一般用于句末。而likewise可以用于句首和句中，在本题是用于句首。因此A选项符合题意。17.考查形容词辨析。A选项both“两者都”；B选项neither“两者都不”；C选项all“都”；D选项either“都不”。句意：他们_是“排行靠后的人”。英语的both和all都可用于表示“全，都”，上一句话提到了四个人物，但both只能用于两者，all用于三者或三者以上；neither表示“两者都不”； either表示“两者择其一”，均不合题意；因此C选项符合题意。18.考查短语辨析。A选项at best“最好”；B选项at least“至少”；C选项at most“至多”；D选项at worst“在最坏的情况下”。句意：他们出生的时候_有一个哥哥或者姐姐。根据语法知识，可知这句话是用来解释“laterborns”的，所以可推论他们至少应该有一个哥哥或姐姐。因此B选项符合题意。19.考查短语辨析。A选项In short“简而言之”；B选项In detail详细地；C选项In all总共；D选项In fact“事实上”。句意：麻省理工的一位研究学者弗兰克索罗卫说，_，与家里的老大相比，排行靠后的人敢于反对权威，勇于开辟新天地，这方面比老大强15倍。这句话旨在说明索罗卫的研究结果，表达的意思是“事实上”，因此D选项符合题意。20.考查动词辨析。A选项resist“抵抗，反抗，顶住”；B选项decline“拒绝，下降”；C选项flee“逃跑，逃避”；D选项prevent“阻止”。句意：事实上，后出生的孩子_权威和创新的可能性是第一个孩子的15倍。这里表达的是“反抗权威”，因此A选项符合题意。其余三项均不能于此空后面的authority形成合理的搭配。21.考查固定搭配。A选项base“基础，地基”；B选项land“陆地”；C选项soil“土壤”；D选项ground“地面，土地”。句意：事实上，后出生的孩子反抗权威和_的可能性是第一个孩子的15倍。break new ground为固定短语，“开垦处女地，开辟新天地，创新”。因此D选项符合题意。22.考查动词辨析。A选项dismiss“解散”；B选项release“发布，发行，释放”；C选项discharge“解雇”；D选项remind“提醒”。句意：索罗卫的书生来叛逆将于本周_。根据上下文可知，书的发行用release，因此B选项符合题意。23.考查连词辨析。A选项whether“是否”；B选项if“如果”；C选项since“因为”；D选项when“当时”。句意：他宣称，一个人出生时的排行是靠前还是靠后对其性格塑造是最重要的因素。此处的that后面是一个名词性从句，名词性从句的引导词表示“是否/是还是”的意思是只能用whether而不用if； since和 when用来引导原因状语从句或时间状语从句，因此A选项符合题意。24.考查名词辨析。A选项role“角色”；B选项part“部分”；C选项factor“因素，要素”；D选项case“事例，案例”。句意：他宣称，一个人出生时的排行是靠前还是靠后对其性格塑造是最重要的_。根据上下文不难看出，这里表示的是“因素”，因此C选项符合题意。25.考查连词辨析。A选项besides“除之外”；B选项or“或者”；C选项except“除了”；D选项but“但是”。句意：比性别、种族、国籍或社会阶层这些因素更为重要。而这几种因素在本句中都是并列关系，因此B选项符合题意。26.考查动词辨析。A选项perceiving“理解”；B选项watching“观看”；C选项arranging“安排”；D选项studying“研究”。句意：索罗卫花了26年时间_了6566名重要历史人物的生活以及出生排行，最终得出了上面的结论。这里表示的是“他研究了这些重要人物的生活”，因此D选项符合题意。27.考查名词辨析。A选项numbers“数字”；B选项figures“人物，图表”；C选项experiences“经历”；D选项recordings“记录”。句意：索罗卫花了26年时间研究了6566名重要历史_的生活以及出生排行，最终得出了上面的结论。这里表达的是“历史人物”，因此B选项符合题意，28.考查动词辨析。A选项wonder“惊奇，想知道”；B选项describe“描述”；C选项request“要求”；D选项pose“提出”。句意：索罗卫自己也是“排行靠后的人”，他首先_出生顺序是如何影响性格的这一问题。这里表达的是“提出问题”，因此D选项符合题意。29.考查介词辨析。A选项on“在上”；B选项as“正如，作为”；C选项about“关于”；D选项by“通过”。句意：(他)_哈佛大学专门研究达尔文的一名学者。这句话以及本段开头的都是用来解释索罗卫这个人的，此处的as意为“作为，以身份”，是来说明他的身份的，因此B选项符合题意。30.考查形容词辨析。A选项neutral“中立的”；B选项brilliant“聪明的，明智的”；C选项commonplace“平凡的”；D选项promising“有前途的”。句意：他说：“剑桥大学一个_的学生是怎么成为19世纪最具创新性的思想家的？”从句中become 以及全文的基调我们可以推测出，此处所说的变化应该是由一般变为突出。这里表达的是“他从原本的平凡变为最有创新的”，因此C选项符合题意。31.考查形容词辨析。A选项questionable“有问题的”；B选项evolutionary“进化的，发展的”；C选项traditional“传统的”；D选项revolutionary“变革的，创新的”。句意：他说:“剑桥大学一个平凡的学生是怎么成为19世纪最具_思想家的?”达尔文本身是一个非常具有创新精神的人，因此D选项符合题意。32.考查动词辨析。A选项provoke“激怒，挑拨，驱使”；B选项summon“召集，召唤”；C选项challenge“质疑，挑战”；D选项reinforce“加强，补充，增援”。句意：达尔文是第一个敢于用“进化论”_“上帝造人说”的人。文章后面提到达尔文的进化论，进化论就是对上帝创造万物的一种质疑，由此可见此处的意思应该是“质疑，挑战”，因此C选项符合题意。33.考查名词辨析。A选项follower“追随者”；B选项 counterpart“配对的人或物”；C选项opponent 的意思是“反对者”；D选项proponent“建议者，支持者”。句意：他在家里的六个孩子中排行第五。他的_大多数都是家里的第一个孩子。根据这句话末尾说到的“firstborns”，可以推测此空应填的词与达尔文处在对立面，因此C选项符合题意。34.考查形容词辨析。A选项exact“精确的”；B选项true“真实的”；C选项genuine“真实的，诚恳的”；D选项real“真正的”。句意：索罗卫的理论用在哥白尼身上很_。hold true 的意思是“适用，有效”，这里表达的就是“用在哥白尼身上也很适用”，因此B选项符合题意。其余选项均不可以和hold搭配。35.考查动词辨析。A选项 theorize“把理论化”；B选项originate“发起，发明”；C选项 invent“发明，创造”；D选项propose“提出，建议”。句意：哥白尼是第一个_日心说的天文学家。根据常识我们知道，哥白尼提出了日心说，提出理论或者是计划用propose，因此D选项符合题意。4. 单选题If you want to buy this house, the payment may be made in five（ ）.问题1选项A.installmentsB.piecesC.sharesD.parts【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项installments“分期付款”；B选项pieces“块，文章”；C选项shares“股份”；D选项parts“部分”。句意：如果你想买这栋房子，可以_。这句话表示是“可以分五期付款”，因此A选项符合题意。5. 单选题His consciousness of the urgency of the situation encouraged him to hurry.问题1选项A.identificationB.recognitionC.comprehensionD.awareness【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项identification“鉴定，识别（具体的，外在的可以看到信息）”；B选项recognition“识别，承认（其他人眼中是怎样的看法）”；C选项comprehension “理解，包含”；D选项awareness“意识，认识”。句意：他对形势紧急的意识促使他赶快行动。原句表达的意思是，他的意识在督促他行动，因此D选项符合题意。6. 单选题In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” she asks. Hes astonished she cant see them. “Where! Everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. “America is therefore the land of the future,” the German philosopher Hegel wrote. “The American lives even more for his goals, for the future, than the European.” Albert Einstein concurred. “Life for him is always becoming, never being.”In 2012, America will still be the place where the future happens first, for that is the nations oldest tradition. The early Puritans lived in almost Stone Age conditions, but they were inspired by visions of future glories, Gods kingdom on earth. The early pioneers would sometimes travel past perfectly good farmland, because they were convinced that even more amazing land could be found over the next ridge. The Founding Fathers took 13 scraggly Colonies and believed they were creating a new nation on earth. The railroad speculators envisioned magnificent fortunes built on bands of iron. Its now fashionable to ridicule the visions of dot-com entrepreneurs of the 1990s, but they had inherited the urge to leap for the horizon. “The Future is endowed with such a life, that it lives to us even in anticipation,” Herman Melville wrote. “The Future is the Bible of the Free.”This future-mindedness explains many modern features of American life. It explains workaholism: the average American works 350 hours a year more than the average European. Americans move more, in search of that brighter tomorrow, than people in other land. They also, sadly, divorce more, for the same reason. Americans adopt new technologies such as online shopping and credit cards much more quickly than people in other countries Forty-five percent of world Internet use takes place in the United States. Even today, after the bursting of the stock-market bubble, American venture-capital firmswhich are in the business of betting on the futuredwarf the firms from all other nations.Future-mindedness contributes to the disorder in American life, the obliviousness to history, the high rates of family breakdown, the frenzied waste of natural resources. It also leads to incredible innovations. According to the Yale historian Paul Kennedy, 75 percent of the Nobel laureates in economies and the sciences over recent decades have lived or worked in the United States. The country remains a magnet for the future-minded from other nations. One in 12 Americans has enjoyed the thrill and challenge of starting his own business. A study published in the Journal of International Business Studies in 2000 showed that innovative people are spread pretty evenly throughout the globe, but Americans are most comfortable with risk. Entrepreneurs in the U.S. are more likely to believe that they possess the ability to shape their own future than people in, say, Britain, Australia or Singapore.If the 1990s were a great decade of future-mindedness, we are now in the midst of a season of experience. I seems cooler to be skeptical, to pooh-pooh all those IPO suckers who lost their money betting on the telecom future. But the world is not becoming more French. By 2012, this period of chastisement will likely have run its course, and future-mindedness will be back in vogue, for better or worse.We dont know exactly what the next future-minded frenzy win look like. We do know where it will take place: the American suburb. In 1979, three quarters of American office space were located in central cities. The new companies, research centers and entrepreneurs are flocking to these low buildings near airports, highways and the Wal-Mart malls, and they are creating a new kind of suburban life. There are entirely new metropolises rising boom suburbs like Mesa, Arizona, that already have more people than Minneapolis or St. Louis. We are now approaching a moment in which the majority of American office space, and the hub of American entrepreneurship, will be found in quiet office parks in places like Rockville, Maryland, and in the sprawling suburbosphere around Atlanta.We also know that future-mindedness itself will become the object of greater study. We are discovering that there are many things that human beings do easily that computers can do only with great difficulty, if at all. Cognitive scientists are now trying to decode the human imagination, to understand how the brain visualizes, dreams and creates.And we know, too, that where there is future-mindedness there is hope.47. The third paragraph examines Americas future-mindedness from the（ ）perspective.48. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT brought about by future-mindedness?49. The word “pooh-pooh” in the sixth paragraph means（ ）.50. According to the passage, people at present can forecast（ ）of a new round of future-mindedness.51. The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus on（ ）.问题1选项A.futureB.realisticC.historicalD.present问题2选项A.Economic stagnation.B.Environmental destruction.C.High divorce rates.D.Neglect of history.问题3选项A.appreciateB.praiseC.shunD.ridicule问题4选项A.the natureB.the locationC.the varietyD.the features问题5选项A.how it comes into being.B.how it functions.C.what it brings about.D.what it is related to.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】47.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段 .for that is the nations oldest tradition. The early Puritans lived in almost Stone Age conditions, but they were inspired by visions of future glories（因为这是这个国家最古老的传统。早期的清教徒生活在几乎石器时代的环境中，但他们受到未来荣耀的启示）以及The Founding Fathers took 13 scraggly Colonies and believed they were creating a new nation on earth. （开国元勋们占领了13个破