考研考博-考博英语-重庆大学模拟考试题含答案44

考研考博-考博英语-重庆大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year.As a writer I know about winning contest, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesnt win the contest again? Thats the strange thing about being apparent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.A revelation came last week when I asked her, “.Dont you want to win again?” “No”, she replied. “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly, “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that was co-opting my daughters experience.While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.1.What do we learn from the first paragraph?2.What did the author say about her own writing experience?3.Why did Rebecca want to enter this years writing contest?4.The author took great paints to refine her daughters stories because（ ）.5.Whats the authors advice for parents?问题1选项A.Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities.B.Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time.C.Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing.D.A lot of distractions complete for childrens time nowadays.问题2选项A.She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer.B.Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations.C.She was constantly under pressure of writing more.D.Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers.问题3选项A.She believed she possessed real talent for writing.B.She was sure of winning with her mothers help.C.She wanted to share her stories with readers.D.She had won a prize in the previous contest.问题4选项A.she believed she had the knowledge and experience to offer guidanceB.she did not want to disappoint Rebecca who needed her help so muchC.she was to help Rebecca realize her dreams of becoming a writerD.she was afraid Rebeccas imagination might run wild while writing问题5选项A.A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursue.B.Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience.C.Parents should keep an eye on the activities their kids engage in.D.Children should be given every chance to voice their opinion.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一句，“In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied.”，在这个网络聊天、电子游戏和电视真人秀的时代，总有让孩子可以做的事情，并且这些活动不需要动脑。可判断出现在孩子们的时间完全被许多干扰因素占据了。选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“As a writer I know about winning contest, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories.”，作为一名作家，我知道什么是成功，什么是失败。我知道努力写一篇文章却收到出版商的退稿单是什么感觉。我也知道我承受着巨大的压力，为的是不辜负过去的胜利带来的荣誉。可判断出作者的写作经历充满痛苦和挫折。选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”，她只是想把一个关于天使上一年级的故事讲给别人听。可判断出丽贝卡想参加写作比赛的原因在于她想和读者分享她的故事。选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段，“Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales.”，我告诉自己，我只是一个经验丰富的作家，引导着年轻的作家穿过大厅，为她的故事提供人物、冲突和结局方面的建议。可判断出作者帮助女儿改善故事的原因在于她相信自己有知识和经验可以提供指导。选项A符合题意。5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一句，“All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.”，我也会提醒自己，孩子们需要实验的空间，需要成长的空间，需要拥有表达自我的声音。可判断出作者建议父母应该让孩子们通过自己的经历，自由成长。选项B符合题意。2. 填空题In the earthquake and tsunami, Japan faces its most serious crisis in a generation. The terrible human toll is still being（1）, even as relief efforts accelerate, the estimate of live lost have（2）from a few hundred in the hours after the flooding to projections surpassing 10, 000. And（3）the humanitarian scale of the disaster is coming into（4）, the ultimate scope of the crises at the Fukushima Daiichi, Fukushima Daini and Onagawa nuclear power plant remains（5）, as does the extent of damage to critical infrastructure（6）the countrys North Pacific coast.In the midst of the disaster, economists and policy makers are（7）with the delicate task of assessing the implications of current events for Japans already-tenuous economic（8）. The analysis is far-reaching in its relevance, not least because of Japans position（9）the worlds third-largest economy, the challenges it already faces in moving toward fiscal sustainability and its role in supporting global financial markets, （10）currency markets and the market for U.S. treasuries.In（11）of the earthquake, the economic（12）for Japan was already fairy dim. The economy was projected to grow（13）just 1.7 percent in 2011, according to consensus estimates, roughly half the（14）of the United States. Significant new fiscal（15）to support the economy was largely ruled out given the countrys already substantial budget deficit. At nearly 200 percent, the countrys gross debt-to-GDP ratio is second only to Zimbabwes, though its net debt is roughly half that level and serving costs remain low.【答案】1.assessed2.climbed3.while4.focus5.unclear6.along7.faced8.recovery9.as10.including11.advance12.outlook13.at14.pace15.stimulus【解析】1.语法题。根据空格前being可判断本句为被动语态，应填入动词的过去分词形式，又因为上文提到human toll “人员伤亡人数”，可知这里应该是表达对人员伤亡人数的评估。句意：可怕的死亡人数仍在评估中。所以assessed符合题意。2.语法题。根据空格前的助动词have可知，空格中填入动词的过去分词形式，构成现在完成时态。又因为下文提到伤亡人数从洪水发生后几小时预测的几百人到一万多人，可判断出数量在增加。句意：据估计，在洪水过后的几个小时内，死亡人数已经从几百人上升到超过10000人。所以climbed符合题意。3.逻辑关系题。根据下文的remains “仍然”，可知上下文存在让步关系，连词while “尽管”，可表达让步关系。句意：尽管这场灾难的救援力度渐渐加大。所以while符合题意。4.固定搭配。根据固定搭配come into focus “明白易懂，轮廓清晰”，句意：尽管这场灾难的救援力度渐渐加大。所以focus符合题意。5.上下文语义。根据前后两句的让步关系，可知尽管加大救援力度，但是核电站危及的最终范围还是不清晰。Unclear和上文的focus形成对比，所以unclear符合题意。6.固定搭配。根据空格后的the countrys North Pacific coast “这个国家的北太平洋海岸”，可知填入介词along“沿着”，可构成搭配关系along the coast “沿岸”。句意：该国北太平洋沿岸关键基础设施的破坏程度也是如此。所以along符合题意。7.固定搭配。根据固定搭配 be faced with “面对，面临”，可知空格中填入faced构成搭配关系。句意：在这场灾难中，经济学家和政策制定者面临着一项微妙的任务。所以faced符合题意。8.上下文语义。根据空格前的economic，可知空格中填入的单词与经济相关，economic recovery “经济复苏”，economic outlook“经济前景”。又根据文章第三段 “The economy was projected to grow”，可知经济预计会增长，经济出现了复苏。句意：在这场灾难中，经济学家和政策制定者面临着一项微妙的任务，即评估当前事件对日本已脆弱的经济复苏的影响。所以recovery符合题意。9.上下文语义。根据空格后的the worlds third-largest economy “世界三大经济体”，可判断出空格填入介词as “作为”。句意：这一分析意义深远，不仅是因为日本为全球第三大经济体。所以as符合题意。10.上下文语义。根据空格前的global financial markets “全球金融市场”，和空格后的currency markets and the market for U.S. treasuries “货币市场和美国国债市场”，可知空格前后为包含关系，前者包含后两者。所以including符合题意。11.固定搭配。根据固定搭配In advance of “在前面，超越”，又因为下文用的一般过去时态，可知提到的是地震之前的情况，空格中应填入advance构成搭配关系。句意：在地震发生前。所以advance符合题意。12.上下文语义。根据下文Japan was already fairy dim，日本地震前的经济前景十分昏暗，可知空格中填入economic outlook “经济前景”。所以outlook符合题意。13.固定搭配。根据固定搭配increase/grow/decreaseat “增长、下降达”，可知grow与介词at构成搭配关系。句意：2011年经济预计仅增长1.7%。所以at符合题意。14.上下文语义。根据上文The economy was projected to grow at just 1.7 percent in 2011，可知日本经济预计在2011年增长1.7%，与下文的美国经济增长速度进行对比。所以可填入pace “速度”。句意：根据一致估计，速度大约是美国的一半。15.上下文语义。根据下文given the countrys already substantial budget deficit，鉴于国家已经存在巨大的预算赤字，可判断出新的财政政策刺激已被排除。所以stimulus符合题意。3. 单选题Persistent bullying is one of the worst experiences a child can face. How can it be prevented? Peter Smith, Professor of Psychology at the University of Sheffield, directed the Sheffield Anti-Bullying Intervention Project, funded by the Department for Education.Here the reports on his findings.Section ABullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbalbeing taunted or called hurtful namesto the physicalbeing kicked or shovedas well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant.Section BBullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare. Victimized pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.Section CUntil recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. “There is no bullying at this school” has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: “There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.”Section DThree factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland in summer 1992, with a second pack, Supporting Schools Against Bullying, produced the following year. In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-Primary Schools was published in 1993. Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something. This comes from carefully conducted “before and after” evaluations of interventions in schools, monitored by a research team. In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two year period, bullying was halved. The Sheffield investigation, which involved sixteen primary schools and seven secondary schools, found that most schools succeeded in reducing bullying.Section EEvidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what is meant by bullying, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept, who will be informed, what sanctions will be employed. The policy should be developed through consultation, over a period of time not just imposed from the head teachers office! Pupils, parents and staff should feel they have been involved in the policy, which needs to be disseminated and implemented effectively.Other actions can be taken to back up the policy. There are ways of dealing with the topic through the curriculum, using video, drama and literature. These are useful for raising awareness, and can best be tied in to early phases of development, while the school is starting to discuss the issue of bullying. They are also useful in renewing the policy for new pupils, or revising it in the light of experience. But curriculum work alone may only have short term effects; it should be an addition to policy work, not a substitute.There are also ways of working with individual pupils, or in small groups. Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile, and certain approaches to group bullying such as “no blame”, can be useful in changing the behaviour of bullying pupils without confronting them directly, although other sanctions may be needed for those who continue with persistent bullying.Work in the playground is important, too. One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting, and help them break up conflicts. Another possibility is to improve the playground environment, so that pupils are less likely to be led into bullying from boredom or frustration.Section FWith these developments, schools can expect that at least the most serious kinds of bullying can largely be prevented. The more effort put in and the wider the whole school involvement, the more substantial the results are likely to be. The reduction in bullyingand the consequent improvement in pupil happinessis surely a worthwhile objective.1.A recent survey found that in British secondary schools（ ）.2.Children who are bullied（ ）.3.The writer thinks that the declaration “There is no bullying at this school”（ ）.4.What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?问题1选项A.there was more bullying than had previously been the caseB.there was less bullying than in primary schoolsC.cases of persistent bullying were very commonD.indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with问题2选项A.are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average personB.find it more difficult to relate to adultsC.are less likely to be violent in later lifeD.may have difficulty forming relationships in later life问题3选项A.is no longer true in many schoolsB.was not in fact made by many schoolsC.reflected the schools lack of concernD.reflected a lack of knowledge and resources问题4选项A.Bullying declined by 50% after an anti-bullying campaign.B.Twenty-one schools reduced bullying as a result of an anti-bullying campaign.C.Two years is the optimum length for an anti-bullying campaign.D.Bullying is a less serious problem in Norway than in the UK.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.细节题。根据文章Section A第二句，“A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant.”，调查发现在英国有多达四分之一的学生有被欺凌的经历，中学的欺凌事件更少，大约二十五分之一的欺凌会持续下去。可判断出中学的欺凌行为比小学的少，选项B符合题意。2.细节题。根据文章Section B提到欺凌给小孩带来的影响，包括让孩子感到自卑和沮丧、导致自杀、长大后出现人际交往困难、更有可能在未来成为暴力分子，可判断出选项A和B文章并未提及，选项C “在以后生活中不太可能有暴力行为”，与原文内容相反，所以选项D “在以后可能会出现人际交往困难”符合文章意思，选项D符合题意。3.细节题。根据文章Section C “Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. There is no bullying at this school has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue.”，可知“There is no bullying at this school”是学校提出的。学校声称没有欺凌现象的原因在于人们对这个话题所知甚少，老师们也未能得到帮助来应对欺凌。可判断出学校否认欺凌现象的原因在于知识和资源的缺乏。选项D符合题意。4.细节题。根据文章Section D “In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two year period, bullying was halved.”，在挪威，一项干预措施在全国推广后，对42所学校的评估表明，在两年的时间里，欺凌现象减少了一半。可判断出在挪威进行的研究发现在一场反欺凌运动之后，欺凌事件减少了一半，选项A符合题意。4. 填空题THE IRON BRIDGEThe Iron Bridge was the first of as kind in Europe and is universally recognized as a symbol of the Industrial Revolution.A: The Iron Bridge crosses the River Severn in Coalbrookdale, in the west of England. It was the first cast-iron bridge to be successfully erected, and the first large cast-iron structure of the industrial age in Europe, although the Chinese were expert iron-casters many centuries earlier.B: Rivers used to the equivalent of todays motorways, in that they were extensively used for transportation. The River Severn, which starts its life on the Welsh mountains and eventually enters the sea between Cardiff and Bristol, is the longest navigable river in Britain. It was ideal for transportation purpose, and special boats were built to navigate the waters. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the Severn was one of the busiest rivers in Europe. Local goods, including coal, iron products, wool, grain and cider, were sent by river. Among the goods coming upstream were luxuries such as sugar, tea, coffee and wine. In places, the riverbanks were lined with wharves and the river was often crowded with boats loading or unloading.C: In 1638, Basil Brooke patented a steel-making process and built a furnace at Coalbrookdale. This later became the property of Abraham Darby (referred to as Abraham Darby Ito distinguish him from his son and grandson of the same name.) After serving an apprenticeship in Birmingham, Darby had started a business in Bristol, but he moved to Coalbrookdale in 1710 with an idea that coke derived from coal could provide a more economical alternative to charcoal as a fuel for iron making. This led to cheaper, more efficient iron making from the abundant supplies of coal, iron and limestone in the area.D: His son, Abraham Darby II, pioneered the manufacture of cast iron, and had the idea of building a bridge over the Severn, as ferrying stores of all kinds across the river, particularly the large quantities of fuel for the furnaces at Coalbrookdale and other surrounding ironworks, involved considerable expense and delay. However, it was his son Abraham Darby III (born in 1750) who, in 1775, organized a meeting to plan the building of a bridge. This was designed by a local architect, Thomas Pritchard, who had the idea of constructing it of iron.E: Sections were cast during the winter of 1778-9 for a 7-metre-wide bridge with a span of 31 metres, 12 metres above the river. Construction took three months during the summer of 1779, and remarkably, nobody was injured during the construction process- a feat almost unheard of even in modern major civil engineering projects. Work on the approach roads continued for another two years, and the bridge was opened to traffic in 1781 Abraham Darby funded the bridge by commissioning paintings and engravings, but he lost a lot on the project, which had cost nearly double the estimate, and he died leaving massive larger debts in 1789, aged only 39. The district did not flourish for much 1onger, and during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries factories closed down. Since 1934 the bridge has been open only to pedestrians. Universally recognized as the symbol of the Industrial Revolution, the Iron Bridge now stands at the heart of the Iron Bridge Gorge World Heritage Site.F: It has always been a mystery how the bridge was built. Despite its pioneering technology no eye-witness accounts are known which describe the iron bridge being erected and certainly no plans have survived. However, recent discoveries, research and experiments have shed new light on exactly how it was built, challenging the assumptions of recent decades. In 1997 a small water colour sketch by Elias Martin came to light in the Swedish capital, Stockholm. Although there is a wealth of early views of the bridge by numerous artists, this is the only one which actually shows it under construction.G: Up until