资源描述
考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Physics is( )to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.问题1选项A.alikeB.equivalentC.likelyD.uniform【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。alike“相同的,相似的”;equivalent“相等的,相同的”;likely “可能的,预料的,有希望的”;uniform “一致的,统一的”。句意:物理学也相当于一门科学,在历史上这门科学被称为自然哲学。根据Physics和science 之间的逻辑关系可知B项符合题意,因此选B。2. 翻译题A.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.Recently bad air pollution in Beijing has led to a flood of strong criticism from the countrys state-run media.Government officials were ordered to reduce vehicle use over the weekend, according to the state-run Xinhua news agency, which also covered the pollution story extensively.Environmental protection authorities published daily air-quality measurements, but those didnt take into account the smaller pollution particles, known as PM2.5, that public health experts say are the most damaging to human health.Peoples Daily, meanwhile, ran a front-page editorial under the headline A Beautiful China Starts with Healthy Breathing on Monday.The vast, unmoving haze has obscured our vision, but it has made the urgency of pollution control clearer to us, the editorial said, noting the challenges to Chinas environment from rapid ongoing industrialization and urbanization.Post-crisis emergency measures, it continued, cannot replace systematic, scientific, efficient and powerful management of the problem at its source.B.Translate the following paragraphs into English.科学就是探求真理。在探求真理的过程中,人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。常常有这样的情形:由于研究的角度不同,掌握资料的差异,认识方法的不同,以至引起学术上的争论。因此,有作为的科学工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的莫大帮助, 把对自己的批评当作最珍贵的友谊。这都是因为,赞同的意见未必正确,反对的意见未必错误。退一步说,即使错误的反对意见,对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。【答案】Section A最近,北京严重的空气污染引发了中国官方媒体的强烈批评。据广泛报道污染事件的新华社报道,政府官员被要求在周末期间减少车辆使用。环境保护部门公布了每天的空气质量监测数据,但这些数据没有将PM 2.5等较小的污染颗粒计算在内。公共卫生专家说,PM 2.5对人体健康的危害最大。与此同时,人民日报周一在头版发表了一篇题为美丽中国从健康呼吸开始的社论。注意到中国快速发展的工业化和城市化给中国环境带来的挑战,社论指出:巨大的、静止的雾霾遮蔽了我们的视野,但它让我们更加清楚地认识到控制污染的紧迫性。它还指出,危机后的紧急措施“不能从根本上取代对问题进行系统、科学、有效和强有力的管理”。Section BScience means the exploration of truth. In the process of exploring truth, peoples understanding of objective law has to go through a arduous and tortuous process. It is often the case that academic disputes arise because of different research perspectives, different mastery of materials and different methods of cognition. Therefore, accomplished scientists regard opposing opinions as a great help to themselves, and their criticism as the most valuable friendship. This is because, the opinion that agrees may not be right, the opinion that disagrees may not be wrong. To say the least, even a false objection is good for ones own scientific research.3. 单选题The individual mobility, convenience, and status given by the private passenger car offer a seemingly unbeatable attraction.In 1987, a record 126,000 cars rolled off assembly lines each working day, and close to 400 million vehicles choke up the worlds streets today.But the cars usefulness to the individual stands in sharp contrast to the costs and burdens that society must shoulder to provide an automobile-centered transportation system.Since the days of Henry Ford, societies have made a steady stream of laws to protect drivers from each other and themselves, as well as to protect the general public from the unintended effects of massive automobile use.Law makers have struggled over the competing goals of unlimited mobility and the individuals fight to be free of the noise, pollution, and physical dangers that the automobile often brings.Prior to the seventies, the autos usefulness and assured role in society were hardly questioned.Even worries about uprising gas prices and fiiture fuel availability subsided (减退)in the eighties almost as quickly as they had emerged.Car sales recovered, driving is up, and wealthy customers are once more shopping for high performance cars.The motor vehicle industrys apparent success in dealing with the challenges of the seventies has obscured the harmful long-term trends of automobile centered transportation.Rising gasoline consumption will before long put increased pressure on oil production capacities.In addition, as more and more people can afford their own cars and as mass motorization takes hold, traffic jam becomes a tough problem.And motor vehicles are important contributors to urban air pollution, acid rain, and global warming.Societys interest in fuel supply security, the integrity of its cities, and protection of the environment calls for a fundamental rethinking of the automobiles role.Stricter fuel economy and pollution standards are the most obvious and immediate measures that can be adopted.But they can only be part of the answer.In the years ahead, the challenge will be to develop innovative(革新的)transportation policies.1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?2.The phrase rolled off assembly lines (Para.I, Lines 2) means( ).3.The passage states that there is( ).4.It is implied that the autos assured role in society is( ).5.Stricter fuel economy and pollution standards are( ).问题1选项A.A car provides its owner with a sense of safety.B.A good car allows its owner to travel free.C.A good car indicates its owners high social position.D.A car adds to its owners attractiveness.问题2选项A.were turned out from factoriesB.moved along production linesC.moved along the streetsD.were lined up in the streets问题3选项A.a sharp contrast between the cost and usefulness of the carsB.a sharp contrast between the cost and performance of the carsC.a sharp conflict between car drivers and traffic rulesD.a sharp contradiction between the convenience of car owners and the burdens of society问题4选项A.threatened by the rising gas pricesB.challenged by a series of fundamental problemsC.protected by lawD.firmly established问题5选项A.only part of the solution to massive automobile useB.the best way to cope with the massive use of carsC.innovative transportation policiesD.future policies of the automobile industry【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“The individual mobility, convenience, and status given by the private passenger car offer a seemingly unbeatable attraction. 私人轿车给个人所带来的流动性、便利性和地位,似乎具有无与伦比的吸引力。”由此可知,一辆好车能够彰显车主较高的社会地位。选项C符合原文。2.判断推理题。roll off指的是“从.复印出.”;assembly lines指的是“工厂组装线”。车从工厂组装线复印出,也就是说,车被一辆一辆的组装生产出来,所以选项D为正确答案。3.细节事实题。根据第二段首句 “ But the cars usefulness to the individual stands in sharp contrast to the costs and burdens that society must shoulder to provide an automobile-centered transportation system但是汽车对个人的有用性与社会为提供一个以汽车为中心的交通系统所必须承担的成本和负担形成了鲜明的对比。”也就是汽车给车主带来的便利与给社会带来的负担之间的尖锐矛盾,所以选项D符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据第三段的首句“Prior to the seventies, the autos usefulness and assured role in society were hardly questioned. 在七十年代之前,汽车的实用性和它在社会中的作用几乎没有受到质疑。”但是在最后一段首句,作者提到“Societys interest in fuel supply security, the integrity of its cities, and protection of the environment calls for a fundamental rethinking of the automobiles role. 社会对燃料供应的安全性、城市完整性和对环境保护的关注,要求我们从根本上重新思考汽车的作用。”也就是说,曾经汽车在社会中可靠的角色现在受到了一系列根本问题的挑战,所以选项B正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二、三句“Stricter fuel economy and pollution standards are the most obvious and immediate measures that can be adopted. But they can only be part of the answer. 更严格的燃油经济性和污染标准是可以采取的最明显和最直接的措施。但它们只是答案的一部分。”由此可知,这只是大规模汽车使用的部分解决方案。选项A符合原文。4. 翻译题A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.According to the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, well officially welcome the Year of the Horse following the arrival of Spring Festival.The horse has played an important rote throughout human history all over the world. Horses were used for thousands of years as a means of transport, a weapon of war and a plougher of fields, but the horse was more than just a vehicleit had more character than a car, a tank or a tractor. In the Middle Ages in Western societies, the horse was a symbol of chivalry (骑士精神) and nobility. In fact, the word chivalry,coines from “cheval” in Old French, which meant horse. The idea of chivalry helped to fashion the 19th-century concept of the “gentleman”,which was related to courtesy, courage and loyalty to friends. Nowadays, because of economic development, people in Modem societies are less likely to see or ride horses. People living in cities, in particular, hardly ever experience horses except through movies, paintings or books.Besides their physical strengths, horses have powerful brains. Maybe thats why the Chinese idiom says: “An old horse never gets lost”. Since the horse is honored as a symbol of vigor, loyalty, persistence and intelligence, people bom in the Year of the Horse are said to share such good qualities.B. Translate the following paragraphs into English.中国作为文明古国,同样有着辉煌的城市发展史。中国的城市也具有自身特色。改革开放30多年来,中国工业化、城镇化(urbanization)步伐明显加快,城镇居民从1.7亿人增加到近7亿人,形成了一批有重要影响与发展活力的城市群,促进了经济发展和社会进步。 城市化对经济、社会、文化都有巨大而深远的影响。面向未来,中国致力于推动科学发展, 加快转变经济发展方式,把城镇化作为现代化建设的重大战略。【答案】A.按照中国农历,随着春节的到来,我们将正式迎来马年。在世界各国,马在人类历史上都扮演着举足轻重的角色。数千年来,马被用作运输工具、战争武器以及犁地农具。但其实,马不仅仅是一种交通工具,其地位要远超汽车、坦克和拖拉机。在中世纪的西方社会,马是骑士精神和贵族的象征。实际上,骑士精神chivalry词来源于古法语中的“马(cheval)”。在骑士精祌的推动下,19世纪代表礼貌、勇气和真诚的“绅士粘祌”成为一种风尚。如今,随着经济的发展,现代社会的人很少看到马或骑 马。尤其是城市中的人们,除了通过电影、绘画和书籍,几乎没有接触过马。马除了健壮的体魄外,还拥有强大的头脑,这或许就是成语“老马识途”的由來吧。马是活力、忠诚、毅力和智慧的象征,因此传说属马之人也具备这些优良品质。B.China, a country with an ancient civilization, also has a proud history of urban development. Chinese cities are also unique in their own ways. Since the launching of reform and opening-up program over 30 years ago, China has quickened the pace of industrialization and urbanization, with urban population increasing from 170 million to some 700 million. The emergence of a number of city clusters with strong influence and dynamism for development has boosted economic development and social progress. Urbanization has a tremendous and profound impact on economy, society and culture. Going forward, China will pursue development in a scientific way, accelerate shift of the growth model and take urbanization as an important strategy for promoting modernization.5. 单选题It is time that someone made him ( )of the effects of his actions.问题1选项A.unconsciousB.awareC.assuredD.thoughtful【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。unconscious “无意识的;失去知觉的”;aware“意识到的;知道的”;assured“确定的;自信的”;thoughtful “体贴的”。句意:应该有人使他意识到他的行为的影响了。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题The puzzle of left-handedness seems to be a modest growth area in current research. One of the latest proposals links left-handedness both with an overproduction of the male hormone and with deficiencies in the bodys automatic defense mechanisms, although it is not clear whether the overproduction of hormone causes the defense defect, or is simply one symptom of a general imbalance. Could this explain why 13 per cent of male children, but only 10 per cent of females, are left-handed?Today, very roughly 10 per cent of the population is left-handed. The odd thing is that this percentage seems to have remained constant throughout history, and indeed throughout human prehistory. From written records, and even painting, researchers can get a guide to the incidence of left-handedness among our recent ancestorsLooking further back, some experts claim to be able to tell from the shaping of flint(打火石) tools whether our Stone Age forebears were left-or right-handed while the habit of cave painters of leaving hand prints (as “signatures”)on walls at least tells us which hand an individual used for marking walls. The evidence suggests that 10 per cent of the population was left-handed.This is a common evolutionary pattern where there are variations that each provides some advantage for the individual that carries them, but not an overwhelming advantage, so that all the variations exist somewhere in the population.A balance is struck in which the proportions of the population in which each version is expressed stay roughly the same form generation to generation - as in the case of blood groups, for example. There must be some advantage, in Darwinian terms, in being a left-hander among a population of predominantly right-handed people. But this is very different from the pattern seen in most animals.Our near relatives, the chimpanzees, also show individual preference for one hand or the other, but half the chimp population is left-handed. Even rats show the same split - 50 per cent left-pawed and 50 per cent right-pawed. Man may not quite be unique among mammals; there have been claims that polar bears are more likely to be left-handed than right, although understandably few experiments have been done with polar bears under laboratory conditions. But by comparison with our cousin apes, it looks as if research into left-handedness in people may be asking the wrong question.The real puzzle is not why 10 per cent of people are left-handed, but why 90 per cent are right-handed. What has happened to the human species, in evolutionary terms, to tilt the balance away from left-handers in favor of right-handers? Why is man the right-handed ape? Nobody has a satisfactory answer. But it is one of the curiosities of scientific research that studies of something seemingly so mundane as left-handedness in people could actually shed new light on human evolution.1.The article suggests that left-handedness might be due to( )2.It appears from the article that ( )3.What do we learn about polar bears?4.What advantage is shown in being a left-hander?5.From the passage, we can guess the word “mundane” in the last paragraph means( ).问题1选项A.a shortage of male hormoneB.very weak defense mechanismsC.an excess of male hormoneD.there being more male than female children问题2选项A.there were more left-handed people in ancient timesB.the percentage of left-handers hasnt changedC.there were fewer left-handed people in ancient timeD.the number of left-handers hasnt really changed问题3选项A.It is impossible to do laboratory experiments with them.B.There are more right-handed than left-handed ones.C.They are probably not all left-handed.D.There are more left-handed than right-handed ones.问题4选项A.No clear advantage is shown.B.You always belong to, the same blood group.C.You belong to an important minority.D.You are free to make a choice.问题5选项A.strangeB.ordinaryC.confusingD.interesting【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段“One of the latest proposals links left-handedness both with an overproduction of the male hormone and with deficiencies in the bodys automatic defense mechanisms.”可知,最新一项研究表明左撇子可能与雄激素产生过剩以及人体自动防御机制缺陷有关,故A选项错误,C选项正确。原文指的是自动防御机制缺陷而非薄弱,故B项错误。D项内容与题目无关。因此,本题选择C选项最符合题意。2.推理判断题。本题询问古今左撇子人数变化趋势。根据原文第二段第二句“The odd thing is that this percentage seems to have remained constant throughout history, and indeed throughout human prehistory”可知,虽然随着人类发展,人口数目发生了变化,但是左撇子所占的比例几乎维持不变。因此,本题正确答案为B项。3.细节事实题。题干询问北极熊的相关情况。根据原文倒数第二段“polar bears are more likely to be left-handed than right, although understandably few experiments have been done with polar bears under laboratory conditions”可知,虽然难以在实验室中对北极熊做实验,但是左撇子的北极熊更多,故B项错误,D选项正确。原文只是说针对北极熊进行的实验室实验比较少,但并不是说不可能,故A项与原文不符。在提及北极熊前,原文提到哺乳动物不止人类有左撇子和右撇子之分,则说明北极熊肯定也会有这样的区别,故C选项“它们可能不都是左撇子”错误。因此,本题正确答案为D。4.细节事实题。题干询问左撇子有何优势。由原文第五段可知,用达尔文的话说,在以右撇子为主的人群中,左撇子肯定有一些优势。但这些优势是什么,文中并没有提及,故A项正确,B、C、D均未在原文出现。因此本题正确答案为A选项。5.词义推断题。将“mundane”定位到原文最后一句。根据原文内容可推断左撇子的研究虽说表面上看起来不足为奇,但是却可能会对人类进化带来新的启示。故B项“ordinary”更符合句意。因此,本题正确答案为B选项。7. 单选题No one can function if they are( )of adequate sleep.问题1选项A.deprivedB.rippedC.strippedD.contrived【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项deprive“使丧失,剥夺”,常和介词of搭配;B选项rip“撕裂”;C选项strip “剥去”;D选项contrive“谋划,设法做到”。句意:如果剥夺了充足的睡眠,没有人能正常工作。deprive和strip都有剥夺的意思,但是strip较普遍,多指剥削金钱,土地等物质上的东西。而deprive除了前面的意思,还可以特指权利,势力等东西。所以选项A更符合语境。8. 翻译题Translate the following into English (15%)在团队内部建立友谊团队的领导者耍懂得如何利用友谊的力量来加强团队合作。在正式的团体会议中,营造一种轻松、友好的气氛非常重要。要努力创造一种氛围使每个成员的发言都得到充分的尊重,让每个人可以畅所欲言。想做到这一点,就要使队员们尽量以朋友,而非同事的方式,来处理相互关系;鼓励每个成员在工作、会议之外进行交谈,多作接触,在轻松的气氛中自由地交换意见和看法。多安排社交活动,创造大家在工作之余聚会碰头的机会,在取得成功时举办庆祝活动等,都有利于团队成员之间建立真正的朋友关系,有利于团结团队,使之成为一个整体。【答案】Build Friendship in a TeamTeam leader should know how to enhance teamwork by using the power of friendship. In a formal group meeting, efforts should be made to build a pleasant and friendly atmosphere in which each members speech is fully respected and everyone can speak freely. In order to do this, the team member should be regarded as friends not colleagues, and moreover, each of them should be encouraged to communicate and contact after work and meeting and exchange views in a comfortable atmosphere. Organizing social events, creating opportunities for people to meet outside of office, and holding celebrations to celebrate success help to build true friendship and unite the team as a whole.9. 单选题Writing is a slow process, requiring( )thought, time, and effort.问题1选项A.significantB.enormousC.considerableD.numerous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。significant “有重大意义的,显著的”; enormous “巨大的, 庞大的”;considerable “相当多(或大、重要等)的”;numerous “众多的,许多的” 一般用来修饰可数名词。句意:写作是一个缓慢的过程,需要大量的思考、时间和努力。根据题干中的“thought, time, and effort”可知C项符合题意。因此答案选C。10. 单选题Museum is a slippery word.It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook.Both Platos Academy and Aristotles Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses shrine.Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit) had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition, Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant “Muses shrine”The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejeweled relics of saints and martyrs.Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on.They also included coins and gems often antique engraved ones as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures.As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not collected either, but site-specific, and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them and most of the buildings were public ones.However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation, and so could be considered Muses shrines in the former sense.The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early inspirational collections.Soon they multiplied, and gradually, exemplary modem works were also added to such galleries.In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became
展开阅读全文