考研考博-考博英语-沈阳药科大学模拟考试题含答案28

考研考博-考博英语-沈阳药科大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment.问题1选项A.likely to failB.likely to accumulateC.likely to improveD.likely to enhance【答案】A【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项likely to fail“可能会失败”；B选项likely to accumulate“可能会积累”；C选项likely to improve“可能会改善”；D选项likely to enhance“可能会提高”。句意：淡水是有限和_的资源，对维持生命、发展和环境至关重要。根据句意，该词形容的是“淡水资源”，说明淡水的特性，A选项最符合语境，原文vulnerable“易受伤害的；脆弱的”。因此，本题最佳选项为A。2. 单选题With 1 million copies sold out within just 2 weeks, that book is indeed a _ success.问题1选项A.provisionalB.sensationalC.sentimentalD.potential【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. provisional 临时的 B. sensational 轰动性的C. sentimental 情感的 D. potential 潜在的【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所填词修饰的是“成功（success）”，前文提到“这本书在短短两周内就售出了100万册”，由此推测，这本书的成功是令人震惊的，B选项sensational“轰动性的”符合原文语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑，没有依据。【句意】这本书在短短两周内就售出了100万册，真是轰动一时的成功。3. 单选题Even though you may be excited about relocating, you may still mourn the loss of a familiar home, way of life, family and friends left behind. “Underestimating the emotional impact of moving is the biggest mistake people make,” says Patricia Nida, Psychologist and relocation consultant. “People think there is something wrong with them if they cant cope with the emotional upheaval of moving. They dont realize its normal.” When Sheila moved from Oregon to California, it took her nearly a year to feel rooted in her new community. Then two years later, the family moved back to Oregon. When we came back, I couldnt get used to them. Each time we moved, I felt like I lost a part of myself.”“Although everyone who moves feels this loss of identity to some extent, its usually most disastrous for a non-working wife”, says Dr. Seidenberg, clinical professor of psychiatry. “Her identity,” says he, “stems from her activities and the ties to the community. Relocating wipes it all out. Every time she moves, she has to re-establish her credentials.” “You cope by reaching out and finding activities and people that interest you,” adds Eileen Kirsh, a veteran of four spouse-job-related moves. “If you are lucky, you meet someone compatible.”Dont avoid saying goodbye. It may seem easier at the time, but in the long run, it can create a greater sense of loss. Resist the temptation to sever ties with your old neighborhood. Maintain relationships. Allow yourself to go through the emotions associated with moving, without criticism. When you acquire your new living quarters, introduce yourself to your new neighbors. Write ahead to your new house of worship and community organizations for information on activities and services. When you finally move in, you will feel more a part of the new community. Establish family traditions that move with you. Doing things together as a family makes you feel at home, no matter where you live.Moving is a difficult experience, but it also has many advantages. Psychologists say it stimulates growth, makes us adaptable, broadens our scope and gives us the opportunity to make new friends and enjoy new experiences. As a nation and as individuals, we are strengthened by our pioneer spirit. And if we can save on wear and tear-all the better.13. When people move, they _.14. The word “upheaval” in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to _.15. Researchers have found that many people _.16. Housewives are the worst sufferers from relocating because they _.17. The author advises the reader to take things easy by _.18. In conclusion, the author proposes that people should _.问题1选项A.make the biggest mistakeB.minimize their lossesC.have mixed feelingsD.are in trouble问题2选项A.upliftB.violenceC.approvalD.turbulence问题3选项A.are being ashamed of being sentimental about lifeB.缺失C.spend years deciding where to settle downD.often fail to see the advantages of moving问题4选项A.have to find their identity againB.dont know how to make new friendsC.feel it difficult to get used to different climateD.have to move when their husbands get new jobs问题5选项A.keeping the family traditionB.cutting ties with the old living quartersC.moving ahead of time to the new residenceD.resisting the temptation to show emotion问题6选项A.move more frequently if they canB.learn to be positive about movingC.be economical when they moveD.carry on the pioneer spirit and move to the West【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A第6题:B【解析】13. 【选项释义】When people move, they _. 当人们搬家时，他们_。A. make the biggest mistake A. 犯最大的错误B. minimize their losses B. 减少/小看他们的损失C. have mixed feelings C.心情复杂D. are in trouble D. 有麻烦【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词people move定位到原文第1段，本段第1句说“即使你可能对搬迁感到兴奋（be excited），你可能仍然会为失去一个熟悉的家、生活方式、家人和朋友而悲伤（mourn the loss of）。”因此，C选项“心情复杂”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“犯最大的错误”，定位到第1段第2句，Patricia Nida说“低估搬家的情感影响是人们犯的最大错误”，此处有上下文限制，这句话表达的是，“低估搬家的情感影响”是人们在被搬家时犯的最大的错误；而该选项“犯最大的错误”没有语境限制，表达的是“搬家时人们犯的最大的错误”，因此，该选项表述错误，属于偷换概念；B选项“减少/小看他们的损失”，原文说的是“低估搬家的情感影响”，选项表述错误，属于过度推理；D选项“有麻烦”，原文虽然说搬家很困难，但最后一段第1句也说“搬家是一种艰难的经历，但它也有很多好处（many advantages）。”该选项表述不准确，属于推理过度。14. 【选项释义】The word “upheaval” in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to _. 第1段中的“upheaval”一词的意思最接近于_。A. uplift A. 提高，增长；抬起；振奋B. violence B. 暴力；激烈C. approval C. 批准；赞成D. turbulence D. 骚乱，动荡【考查点】词汇推测题。【解题思路】1）句中前后信息衔接：根据题干关键词Para. 1和upheaval定位到原文第1段第3句，该句说到“如果人们不能应对搬家带来的情绪_（the emotional upheaval of moving），他们就会认为自己有问题（something wrong with them）。”由此可知，upheaval是个名词，是搬家所引起的一种情绪上的变化，并且根据人们认为处理不好就是自己有问题这一点可推断，这种情绪变化是负面的。因此，D选项“动荡”，emotional turbulence“情绪波动”符合题意。2）上下文语义衔接：本段最后3句通过举例对此进行了进一步说明。Sheila从Oregon（俄勒冈州）搬到California（加利福尼亚），花了很长时间适应新的环境；又搬回俄勒冈州时，也无法适应。她说“每次搬家，我都觉得自己好像失去了一部分（lost a part of myself）。”由此可知，这是搬家带来的情绪变化，也可推测出D选项“动荡”，emotional turbulence“情绪波动”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“（情绪）振奋”，不符合负面的情感基调；B选项“暴力；激烈”，原文没有依据；C选项“批准；赞成”，不符合负面的情感基调。15. 【选项释义】Researchers have found that many people _. 研究人员发现，许多人_。A. are being ashamed of being sentimental about life A. 耻于对生活多愁善感B. 缺失 B. 缺失C. spend years deciding where to settle down C. 花数年时间决定在哪里定居D. often fail to see the advantages of moving D. 往往看不到搬家的好处【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Researchers和many people来解题，原文有2处地方提到了研究人员的发现。第1处，第1段第2-3句心理学家Patricia Nida的发现“如果人们不能应对（cant cope with）搬家带来的情绪波动，他们就会认为自己有问题（something wrong with them）。”由此可知，人们认为搬家带来的情绪波动是不正常的，不应该有的，A选项“耻于对生活多愁善感”表述符合原文。第2处，第2段精神病学临床教授Seidenberg医生的发现“尽管每个搬家的人都会多多少少感受到这种身份的丧失（this loss of identity），但对于不工作的妻子来说，这通常是最糟糕的”，该发现与本题选项无关。【干扰项排除】B选项缺失；C选项“花数年时间决定在哪里定居”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有；D选项“往往看不到搬家的好处”，原文虽然说了搬家有很多好处，但并没有说人们没有看到搬家的好处，该选项属于无中生有。16. 【选项释义】Housewives are the worst sufferers from relocating because they _. 家庭主妇受搬家的影响最大，因为她们_。A. have to find their identity again A. 要重新找到自己的身份B. dont know how to make new friends B. 不知道如何结交新朋友C. feel it difficult to get used to different climate C. 觉得适应不同的气候很困难D. have to move when their husbands get new jobs D. 丈夫找了新工作就不得不搬家【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Housewives和the worst sufferers from relocating可定位到原文第2段。本段提到“精神病学临床教授Seidenberg医生发现，尽管每个搬家的人都会多多少少感受到这种身份的丧失（this loss of identity），但对于没有工作的妻子（a non-working wife）来说，这通常是最糟糕的（most disastrous）。她的身份（Her identity）来自于她的活动和与社区的联系，搬家将这一切都抹去了。每次搬家，她都得重新建立自己的资历（re-establish her credentials）。”由此可知，家庭主妇受搬家的影响最大，因为A选项“要重新找到自己的身份”。【干扰项排除】B选项“不知道如何结交新朋友”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有；C选项“觉得适应不同的气候很困难”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有；D选项“丈夫找了新工作就不得不搬家”，原文是在介绍Eileen Kirsh的身份时提到了她四次因配偶和工作而搬家（four spouse-job-related moves），而不是解释为什么家庭主妇受搬家的影响最大，该选项属于偷换概念。17. 【选项释义】The author advises the reader to take things easy by _. 作者建议读者通过_放轻松。A. keeping the family tradition A. 保持家庭传统B. cutting ties with the old living quarters B. 切断了与旧住宅区邻居的联系C. moving ahead of time to the new residence C. 提前搬到新居D. resisting the temptation to show emotion D. 抵制表露情感的诱惑【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词advises the reader to take things easy定位到原文第3段。本段最后两句说到“建立（Establish family traditions）跟随你一起移动的家庭传统。一家人一起做事让你有家的感觉（makes you feel at home），无论你住在哪里。”由此可知，一家人一起做事让人有家的感觉，所以A选项“保持家庭传统”可以减轻搬家带来的情绪波动，让人放松，符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项“切断了与旧住宅区邻居的联系”，可定位到第3段第3句，该句说到“抵制与老邻居断绝关系的诱惑”，由此可知，作者认为应该与老邻居保持联系，与选项表述相反，该选项属于反向干扰；C选项“提前搬到新居”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有；D选项“抵制表露情感的诱惑”，原文所说的要抵制的诱惑是“切断与老邻居的联系”，而不是“表露情感”，并且本段第1句说到“不要避免说再见”，即要表露情感，该选项属于反向干扰。18. 【选项释义】In conclusion, the author proposes that people should _. 总结时作者建议人们应该_。A. move more frequently if they can A. 尽可能地频繁搬家B. learn to be positive about moving B. 学会积极地看待搬家C. be economical when they move C. 他们搬家时要节约D. carry on the pioneer spirit and move to the West D. 发扬开拓精神，向西部进发【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词In conclusion可定位到原文最后一段。本段提到，搬家虽然很困难，但也有很多好处（many advantages），并进行了列举；倒数第2句提到，“作为一个国家和一个人，开拓精神都使我们更加强大”。前文都在提搬家的难处，最后一段却提到了搬家的好处，以及开拓精神会让我们强大，因此，作者是希望读者积极地看待搬家这件事，B选项“学会积极地看待搬家”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“尽可能地频繁搬家”，原文虽然说搬家有很多好处，但这并不意味着要频繁地搬家，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“他们搬家时要节约”，最后一句说“如果我们能节省损耗（save on wear and tear），那就更好了。”原文是说最好要节约，并且只是最后一段一小点的内容，该选项属于以偏概全；D选项“发扬开拓精神，向西部进发”，原文虽然提到了开拓精神，但并不是说要向西部进发，该选项属于过度推理。4. 翻译题我的英语有多好？对任何学习英语的人来说是最重要的一个问题。知道这个问题的答案不仅有助于树立信心，而且如果你想取得更多的进步，知道这个答案是有用的，因为一旦知道已经达到一个水平，你就会向下一个水平进军。考试在学习过程中发挥另外一个重要的作用考试证明学习者在一种语言中是否熟练。通过语言考试远不只是激励了自己在语言方面的自尊心。如果你想到英国国家去念大学，或者你想找一份需要英语技能的工作的话，通过语言考试那就至关重要了。【答案】How good is my English? It is the most important question for anyone learning English. Knowing the answer to this question builds your confidence. Moreover, its useful if you want to make more progress, because once you know youve reached one level, youll move on to the next. Another important role tests play in the learning process isthey prove a learners proficiency in a language. Passing a language test is much more than a boost to ones self-esteem in learning a language. It is vital for you to pass a language test if you want to go to university in the UK, or if you want to get a job requiring English skills.5. 单选题The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing can exceed the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you! It may be an idea or a bit of information you come across accidentallyor a sudden insight, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal encounters are the “payoff” in education. A teacher may direct you to learning and even encourage you in itbut no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. Thats up to you.A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classroom, beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times. Preparing the research paper is an active and individual process, and ideal learning process. It provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self, that are basic to education. But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do. Writing a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis of many skills applicable to both academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovering, an education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly satisfying experience!To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disconcerting. To others, the very idea of having to work independently is threatening. But there is no need to approach the research paper assignment with anxiety, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome. Instead, consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.11. According to the writer, personal discoveries _.12. It can be inferred from the passage that writing a research paper gives one chances _.13. From the context, the word “disconcerting” (Para. 3) most probably means _.14. The writer argues in the passage that _.15. What will probably follow this passage?问题1选项A.will give one encouragement and directionB.are helpful in finding the right informationC.are the most valuable part of ones personal educationD.will help one to successfully complete school assignments问题2选项A.to fully develop ones personal abilitiesB.to use the skills learnt in the classroomC.to prove that one is a productive writerD.to demonstrate how well one can accomplish school assignment问题3选项A.misleadingB.embarrassingC.stimulatingD.upsetting问题4选项A.one should explore new areas in researchB.one should trust ones own ability to meet course requirementsC.one should consider research paper writing a pleasure, not a burdenD.one should use all ones knowledge and skills when doing research问题5选项A.How to write a research paper.B.The importance of research in education.C.How to make new discoveries for oneself.D.The skill of putting pieces of information together.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】11. 判断推理题。题干“作者认为个人发现_”可定位到原文第1段第4句Such personal encounters are the “payoff” in education.（这种个人发现是教育的“回报”。）这里的“personal encounters”指的就是第2句Nothing can exceed the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you!（没有什么能比你自己发现对你来说重要的东西更让你开心！）中的“发现”，由此可知，作者认为个人发现是教育的回报，C选项“（个人发现）是一个人的个人教育中最有价值的部分”，一个东西的回报肯定是它最有价值的，C选项表述与原文相符；A选项“会给鼓励和指引”可定位到原文第1段倒数第2句A teacher may direct you to learning and even encourage you in it（老师会指导你学习，甚至会鼓励你），由此可知，“鼓励和指引”是老师带来的，而非个人发现，排除；B选项“（个人发现）会帮助你找到正确的信息”可定位到第1段第3句It may be an idea or a bit of informationworking through a problem.（这也许是你偶然的一个想法或发现可以解决问题。）这句话承接的是第2句中提到的“发现”，所以“找到正确信息”是“发现”的内容，而不是个人发现的作用，B选项表述与原文不符，排除；D选项“（个人发现）有助于学生顺利完成学校作业”，可定位到第2段第3句It provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries（它给你提供一个框架，在这个框架里你可以做出令人兴奋的发现），这句话中的it指的是前文的Preparing the research paper（准备研究论文），即“学校的作业”。由此可知，学校作业为个人发现提供框架，D选项表述与原文不符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。12. 判断推理题。题干“从文章中可以推断出，写一篇研究论文给_提供了机会”可定位到原文第2段第6句It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis of many skills applicable to both academic and nonacademic tasks.（这是一种探索、理解和综合的经历，它构成了许多技能的基础，适用于学术和非学术任务。）由此可知，写研究论文锻炼了各种技能，A选项“充分发展个人能力”表述与原文相符。B选项“运用课堂上所学的技能”、C选项“证明自己是个多产的写作者”、D选项“证明自己能很好地完成学校布置的作业”原文均未提及。因此，本题最佳选项为A。13. 语义推测题。根据题干定位到原文第3段第1句To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disconcerting.（对一些人来说，想到要写指定的页数，往往比以前写的页数还要多，是_。）原文中“disconcerting”与“想到要写比以前还要多页数的研究论文”有关。第3段第3句But there is no need to approach the research paper assignment with anxiety（但没有必要焦虑地完成研究论文作业），but表示转折，由此推断disconcerting的意思跟“焦虑”差不多，D选项“令人心烦意乱的”符合语境；A选项“误导的”、B选项“尴尬的”、C选项“刺激的”均不符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为D。14. 主旨大意题。题干“作者在文中论证了_”。本文一共3段，第1段主要内容个人发现的重要性：它是个性化教育中最令人兴奋和快乐的成果；第2段主要内容写研究论文的作用：写一篇个性化的研究论文有助于个人发现，有助于发展个人能力；第3段主要内容作者的倡议：不要带着焦虑写研究论文，而应该把它看成一个可以实现的目标。由此可知，本文层层引入，意在说明写研究论文很重要，要把写研究论文当成可实现的目标，而不是障碍。C选项“人们应该把写研究论文当成一种乐趣，而不是一种负担”最符合原文；A选项“人们应该探索新的研究领域”、B选项“一个人应该相信自己满足课程要求的能力”、D选项“做研究时应该运用所有的知识和技能”均不太相符。因此，本题最佳选项为C。15. 判断推理题。题干“接下来的段落可能会讲什么”。根据原文最后一句话Instead, consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.（相反，你应该把它当作一个可以实现的目标，一个只要你使用这本书的帮助就可以达到的目标。）这里的it指的是前文的the research paper（研究论文）。由此可知，选段应该是一本书的引言，而后文将要写的内容应该是如何实现这个目标，即完成一篇研究论文。A选项“如何写一篇研究论文”最符合原文。B选项“研究在教育中的重要性”是文章第2段的内容，排除；C选项“自己怎么有新发现”、D选项“整合碎片化的信息的技能”均偏离行文逻辑。因此，本题最佳选项为A。6. 单选题In individualistic cultures, people put emphasis on self-interests, and tend to have emotional detachment from their ingroup.问题1选项A.concernB.disinterestednessC.dedicationD.fondness【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. concern 关心；忧虑 B. disinterestedness 不感兴趣C. dedication 奉献 D. fondness 喜爱【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】根据常识，“个人主义”文化中，人们往往强调自身利益，不关心集体利益，只有B选项disinterestedness“不感兴趣”与原文情感基调一致，符合题意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文逻辑。【句意】在个人主义文化中，人们强调自身利益，往往在情感脱离自己的群体。7. 单选题The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now, twitter, instant messaging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communicationbut none can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.Over the past year, the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December 2009, persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to peoples hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear, accurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. When the H1N1 pandemic was announced, the idea of “swine flu” scared many people. Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonnas speech about Michael Jackson, after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.Its not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If youre taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument. In sports, athletes know the importance of a pep talk before a match to inspire teammates. You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something were born with. Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.7. The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable because _.8. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking?9. Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPT _.10. The phrase “pays tribute to” in Para. 7 is closest in meaning to _.11. According to the passage, which of the following best explains the authors view on “great speaking ability”?12. What is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.it has always been used to inspire or persuade peopleB.it has a big role to play in the entertainment businessC.it plays important roles in human communicationD.it is of great use in everyday-life context问题2选项A.Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problems.B.Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemics.C.The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers speeches.D.Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.问题3选项A.to convince people in a debateB.to inform people at a presentationC.to advise peop