考研考博-考博英语-桂林理工大学模拟考试题含答案41

考研考博-考博英语-桂林理工大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on. Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed and experienced. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.21. What does the author mean by using the underlined word “eventually” in Para. 1?22. The underlined phrase “frowned on” in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to_.23. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of_.24. According to the passage, why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?25. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?问题1选项A.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” after the other historians did.B.That most music historians used the term “Renaissance”.C.The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historians.D.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet.问题2选项A.given upB.forgotten aboutC.argued aboutD.disapproved of问题3选项A.communication among artists across EuropeB.spirituality in everyday lifeC.a cultural emphasis on human valuesD.religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes问题4选项A.It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.B.It had little emotional impact on audiences.C.It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.D.It did not contain enough religious themes.问题5选项A.The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style.B.The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.C.Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians.D.During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】21.推理判断题。题干定位到文章的第二句话It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians,“1855年，历史学家朱尔斯米歇莱在他的法国历史中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化史学家、艺术史学家甚至音乐史学家采用”从句子里面的表示时间逻辑的词first、then我们可以推测eventually是表示时间顺序，所以答案选A选项“音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后使用了文艺复兴这个词”。B选项“大多数音乐历史学家使用文艺复兴这个词”，文章没有提及有多少音乐历史学家在使用这个单词，属于无中生有。C选项“文艺复兴一词被艺术史学家广泛使用，而不是音乐史学家”，文章没有提及文艺复兴这个词语没有流行于音乐历史学家，属于无中生有。D选项“音乐历史学家使用的文艺复兴一词与朱尔斯米歇莱使用的非常不同”，文章没有提及“文艺复兴”这个词的词义变迁，属于无中生有。22.词义推断题，第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第一段倒数第二三句 To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再（）”，从这里可知，文意复兴就是回到以人为中心的理念上来，这句中and连接两个并列的句子，这两个句子都是用来说明文艺复兴时期出现的变化。第二步，上下文语义衔接，从第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，从这里可以文意复兴时期艺术家从宗教回归到人本身，他们不但不排斥人的情绪反而推崇情绪并想尽办法让他们的作品更加动人，综上可知frowned on的意思是D选项“反对”，句意是“他们不再反对人类的情绪以及感官上的享受”。A选项“放弃”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。B选项“忘记了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“争论”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。23.词义推断题。定位到文章倒数第三四句话Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human.“这一时期的学者和艺术家想要恢复希腊和罗马古典文明的学问和理想。对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类。”从这里可知那些学者的想法是让古希腊罗马的价值观重生也就是回到以人为本的观念中来，这里与人有关的选项只有C选项“强调人类价值的文化”。A选项“欧洲艺术家之间的交流”，与题无关，欧洲的交流在文艺复兴前期就出现了否则文意复兴的思想不会传播的那么快。B选项“日常生活中的灵性”，定位到第一段倒数第二句话Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再被反对”，从这里可知重生不是指的人的精神而是指的人感官上的享受，这里属于张冠李戴。D选项“与传统世俗主题相伴的艺术中的宗教主题”，定位到第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，由此可知D选项错误，不是宗教事务伴随着传统的世俗事务，而是从宗教事务转向传统世俗事务，这里属于偷换概念。24.词义推断题。定位到第二段倒数第二三句They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo“他们了解了古代音乐打动听者的力量，并想知道为什么现代音乐没有同样的效果。例如，有影响力的宗教领袖贝纳迪诺西里洛”，从这里可知引出西里洛不满的目的只是为了举例，说明古代音乐打动听者但是现在音乐就没有这种效果了，西里洛非常不满，希望音乐也能像雕塑、戏剧一样对古代文化进行重新发掘，所以B选项“它对观众的情感影响很小”正确。A选项“它不够复杂，不足以吸引音乐家”，见正确选项，从这里可知不满是因为现在音乐打动不了听者而不是音乐家，所以A选项错误，这里属于张冠李戴。C选项“它太依赖于他那个时代的艺术和文学”，文章没有提及。D选项“它没有包含足够的宗教主题”，定位到第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，从中可知文艺复兴时期的艺术家都是从宗教事务转向世俗事务，所以作为一个文艺复兴时期的艺术家不会因为宗教成分过少而感到不满所以D选项错误。25.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段第二句话Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.“此外，音乐在这一个半世纪中变化如此之快尽管在不同的国家变化速度不同，以至于我们无法定义一种单一的文艺复兴风格”，从这里可知答案选D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从不是一成不变的”。B选项“音乐文艺复兴的时间太短，不足以产生一种新的音乐风格”，见正确选项解析，不是文艺复兴时间段太短了导致没有音乐风格而是文艺复兴时期出现的音乐风格太多导致无法给他们下一个明确的定义，这里属于偷换概念。A选项“音乐文艺复兴的定义是技术而不是风格”定位到最后一段第一句话The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques.“欧洲的音乐文艺复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一种普遍的文化运动和心理状态”，这里虽然表述正确，但是与题无关所以不选，属于出处错误。C选项“文艺复兴时期的音乐家采用了希腊和罗马音乐家的风格”虽然文章有提及整个文艺复兴是对古希腊罗马文化的借鉴重生，但是不是为什么音乐界的文艺复兴风格缺失的原因与题无关所以不选，属于出处错误。2. 单选题In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity (紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1939s.In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.President Hoovers successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交) grain, and fertilizers.1. What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products?2. The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was_.3. The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to_.4. The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the Act_.5. It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at_.问题1选项A.The impact of the Great Depression.B.The shrinking of overseas markets.C.The destruction caused by the First World War.D.The increased exports of European countries.问题2选项A.to increase farm productionB.to establish agricultural lawsC.to prevent farmers from going bankruptD.to promote the mechanization of agriculture问题3选项A.reduce their scale of productionB.make full use of their landC.adjust the prices of their farm productsD.be self-sufficient in agricultural production问题4选项A.might cause greater scarcity of farm productsB.didnt give the Secretary of Agriculture enough powerC.would benefit neither the government nor the farmersD.benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others问题5选项A.reducing the cost of farmingB.conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nationC.lowering the burden of farmersD.helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段第一句In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity programs to reduce their imports.“在1920年代对美国农产品的需求下降，欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复和制定紧缩项目以减少进口”，第二步综合理解，由此可知是欧洲对从战后恢复过来了对美国的农产品需求减少了，所以B选项“海外市场的萎缩”正确。A选项“大萧条的影响”，定位到第一段最后一句话These developments were made worse by the Great Depression“大萧条使这些发展变得更糟”，从这里大萧条使情况变糟，这不是美国农产品对外出口减少的原因，这里属于出处错误；C选项“第一次世界大战造成的破坏”，见正确解析，是一战的影响导致欧洲需要进口美国的农产品从而美国农业发展起来了，而不是一战造成的破坏使美国农业出口量下降，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“欧洲国家出口的增加”；文章没有提及，这里属于无中生有。2.推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第二段第二句话It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers“它确立了直接干预供求关系的原则，并代表了第一个为农民提供更大经济稳定性的国家承诺”，第二步，寻找上下文线索，经济稳定性就暗含着国家兜底保护农民免于破产之灾，所以C选项“防止农民破产”正确。A选项“增加农业生产”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“制定农业法律”，见文章正确选项分析，从这里可知美国政府的主要考虑是为了保障农民的经济的稳定性而不是为了立法，立法只是实现经济稳定的手段，所以B选项错误，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“推进农业机械化”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。3.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第三四句This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices.“这项法律赋予农业部长通过与农民自愿达成协议来减少产量的权力，这些农民收取费用让他们停止使用自己的土地。故意造成农产品短缺是为了提高价格”，第二步，综合理解，从这里可知农业调整法案鼓励美国农民减产，所以答案选A选项“减少他们的生产规模”。B选项“充分利用他们的土地”，见正确选项，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“调整农产品价格”，见正确选项，让农民减产的目的是造成粮食紧缺的现象，从而通过供求关系用市场这只看不见的手达到调整农产品价格的目的，不是鼓励农民自己调整农产品价格，这里属于张冠李戴；D选项“农业生产实现自给自足”，定位到第一段第三行This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient.“这一时期对农民来说比以前更糟糕，因为农民不再自给自足”，这里虽然有提到self-sufficient但是这里指的是农民不能通过买卖自己的农产品获得足够的收入养活自己，不是农产品歉收的意思，这里属于偷换概念。4.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第三段第五、七句话This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of peopleThe Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens.“最高法院宣布这项法律违宪，理由是征收一般税是为了支付给一个特殊群体罗斯福政府认为，重建国家土地符合国家利益，而不仅仅是牺牲其他公民的利益来帮助农民的计划”。第二步，综合理解，从这里可知，最高法院驳回法案的理由是这个法案是为了一个特殊的群体而立的是不符合宪法精神的，而罗斯福政府却认为农业很重要，立法的目的并不仅仅是牺牲其他人的利益来支持农民，所以答案选D选项“以牺牲他人为代价使一部分公民受益”。A选项“可能会导致更严重的农产品短缺”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；B选项“没有给农业部长足够的权力”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；C选项“对政府和农民都没有好处”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选。5.推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内信息，定位到第三段第六句话However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation.“然而，新的法律立即通过，达到了同样的休养土壤和提供防洪措施的结果，但这些是基于土壤保持的原则”，第二步，寻找上下文线索，从这里可知新法的目的是为了保护土地，所以B选项正确。A选项“降低农业成本”，文章没有提及，所以不选，这里属于无中生有；C选项“减轻农民负担”，文章没有提及，所以不选，这里属于无中生有；D选项“帮助农民而不将负担转嫁给其他纳税人”，定位到第三段第七句The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens.“而罗斯福政府却认为农业很重要，立法的目的并不仅仅是牺牲其他人的利益来支持农民”，根据关键词not simply“不仅仅是”，说明帮助农民这个负担其实已经转移到别人头上了但是因为农业的重要性毋庸置疑所以罗斯福坚持立法帮助农民，所有D选项错误，这里属于反向干扰。3. 填空题Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.Caring for elderly parents catches many unpreparedA Last July, Julie Baldocchis mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasnt prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldnt handle her mothers care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasnt willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldnt do it all,” she says. But I didnt even know how to find help.”B With help from the family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, youre never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mothers stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.C While many parents lack an advance care directive, its the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives some one legal authority to make financial decisions on anothers behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) “Its invaluable for the kids, because its hard to make those decisions for a parent,” says Jennifer Cona, an elder-law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parents legal guardian, says AgingC.D Its important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents preferences, wishes an goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But its not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their childrens financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth.E Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesnt pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home.F Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, its not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isnt covered by Medicaid.G If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to AARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.H Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parents finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mothers home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasnt able to get around as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. “I always knew that this was the role that I would have, and I guess my mind was prepared for it,” says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. “When you get into the trenches, its lite