考研考博-考博英语-四川农业大学模拟考试题含答案4

考研考博-考博英语-四川农业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Traditional methods of teaching no longer suffice in this technological world. Currently there are more than 100000 computers in schoolrooms in the United States. Students, mediocre and bright alike, the first grade through high school, not only are not intimidated by computers, but have become avid participants in the computer epoch.Kids operating computers implement their curriculum with great versatility. A musical student can program musical notes so that the computer will play Beethoven or the Beatles. For a biology class, the computer can produce a picture of the intricate actions of the bodys organs, thus enabling todays students to envisage human biology in a profound way. A nuclear reactor is no longer an enigma to students who can see its workings in minute details on a computer. In Wisconsin, the Chippewa Indians are studying their ancient and almost forgotten language with the aid of a computer. More commonly, the computer is used for drilling math and language concepts so that youngsters may learn at their own speed without trying the patience of their human teachers. The simplest computers aid the handicapped, who learn more rapidly from the computer than from humans. Once irksome, remedial drills and exercises now on computer are conducive to learning because the machine responds to correct answers with praise and to incorrect answers with frowns and even an occasional tear.Adolescents have become so exhilarated by computers that they have developed their own jargon, easily understood by their peers but leaving their disconcerted parents in the dark. They have shown so much fervor for computers that they have formed computer clubs, beguile their leisure hours in computer stores, and even attend computer camps.This is definitely the computer age. It is expected that by 1999 there will be between 300000 and 650000 computers in American schools. Manufacturers of computers are presently getting tax write-offs for donating equipment to colleges and universities and are pushing for legislation to obtain further deductions for contributions to elementary and high schools. Furthermore, the price of computers has steadily fallen to the point where a small computer for home or office is being sold for less than $100. At that price every class in the country will soon have computer kids.1. Which of the following does “traditional methods” in the first paragraph refer to?2. Which of the following is true according to the passage?3. With the help of computer, todays students _.4. What does the word “disconcerted” in paragraph 3 mean?5. Which of the following can we infer from the passage?问题1选项A.Technological methods of teaching.B.Teachers, textbooks and class drills.C.Computer teaching.D.Television teaching.问题2选项A.Students have to be bright in order to operate a computer.B.High school students are less threatened by computer compared with grade 1 students.C.All the students take an active part in computer operation today and ordinary students are no exception.D.Todays students are more versatile than with the implementation of computers.问题3选项A.can understand more complex conceptsB.learn more rapidly from computer than from their teachersC.can learn everything without their teachers helpD.can build nuclear reactors问题4选项A.Dissatisfied.B.Disinterested.C.Nearsighted.D.Confused.问题5选项A.Parents encourage their kids to attend computer camps and form computer clubs.B.The country encourages the popularization of computers among the school children.C.The price of computers has fallen steadily.D.Computer manufacturers are donating equipment for colleges and universities purely for the good of the students.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句Traditional methods of teaching no longer suffice in this technological world. Currently there are more than 100000 computers in schoolrooms in the United States.（传统的教学方法在这个技术世界里已经不够用了。目前在美国的教室里有超过10万台电脑。），说明传统方法应该是指和电脑教学相对的老师在课堂上用教科书授课。因此B选项“教师、教科书和课堂演习”正确。A选项“技术性的教学方法”，C选项“计算机教学”，D选项“电视教学”均不属于传统教学方法，所以A, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。A选项“学生要想操作电脑，必须要聪明”，由原文Students, mediocre and bright alike（无论是平庸的还是聪明的学生）可知，操作电脑和智力没有关系，所以A错误。B选项“与一年级学生相比，高中生受到电脑的威胁较小”，由原文Studentsthe first grade through high school, not only are not intimidated by computers（从一年级到高中的学生不仅没有被计算机吓住）可知，不论什么年龄的学生都不会被计算机吓倒，所以B错误。D选项“今天的学生随着计算机的实施，比以前更多才多艺”，由原文Kids operating computers implement their curriculum with great versatility.（使用电脑的孩子们在实施他们的课程时非常多才多艺。）可知，文章只是说使用电脑的学生很多才多艺，没有和之前的学生进行对比，所有D错误。C选项“今天所有的学生都积极参与计算机操作，普通学生也不例外”，由原文Students, mediocre and bright alike, the first grade through high school, not only are not intimidated by computers, but have become avid participants in the computer epoch.（从一年级到高中的学生，无论是平庸的还是聪明的，不仅没有被计算机吓住，而且成为计算机时代的热心参与者。）可知，包括普通学生在内的所有学生都积极参与计算机操作，C选项符合原文，因此本题选C。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段倒数第三句More commonly, the computer is used for drilling math and language concepts so that youngsters may learn at their own speed without trying the patience of their human teachers.（更常见的是，计算机被用来训练数学和语言概念，这样孩子们就可以按照自己的速度学习，而不用去考验他们的人类老师的耐心。），说明学生可以在计算机的帮助下理解复杂的概念。因此A选项“可以理解更复杂的概念”正确。B选项“从电脑上学习比从老师那里学习更快”，原文说的是残疾人从最简单的电脑中学习比从人类中学到的要快，而不是所有的学生，所以B错误。C选项“可以在没有老师的帮助下学习一切知识”，原文只介绍了电脑学习的好处，没有全部否定老师的作用，所以C错误。D选项“可以建造核反应堆”，原文说的是学生可以通过电脑了解核反应堆，而不是自己建造，所以D错误。4.语义推测题。由题干关键词“disconcerted”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Adolescents have become so exhilarated by computers that they have developed their own jargon, easily understood by their peers but leaving their disconcerted parents in the dark.（青少年们对电脑如此兴奋，以至于他们发明了自己的行话，这些行话很容易被同龄人理解，却把不知所措的父母置于黑暗之中。），说明年轻人使用的行话很容易被同龄人理解，但父母不能理解，他们感到很困惑，所以“disconcerted”在文中是指“不知所措，困惑”的意思。因此D选项“困惑的”正确。A选项“不满意的”，B选项“不感兴趣的”，C选项“近视的”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。5.客观细节题。A选项“父母鼓励他们的孩子参加电脑夏令营和组建电脑俱乐部”，由原文They have shown so much fervor for computers that they have formed computer clubs, beguile their leisure hours in computer stores, and even attend computer camps.（他们对电脑表现出了如此多的热情，他们成立了电脑俱乐部，在电脑商店消磨闲暇时间，甚至参加电脑夏令营。）可知，是孩子们自发参加电脑夏令营和俱乐部，没有说父母鼓励他们，所以A错误。B选项“国家鼓励在学生中普及计算机”在文中没有提及，所以B错误。D选项“计算机制造商为高校捐赠设备，纯粹是为了学生的利益”，由原文Manufacturers of computers are presently getting tax write-offs for donating equipment to colleges and universities and are pushing for legislation to obtain further deductions for contributions to elementary and high schools.（目前，计算机制造商因向高校捐赠设备而获得税收减免，并正在推动立法，以获得对小学和中学捐款的进一步减免。）可知，计算机制造商为高校捐赠设备更多是为了减税，所以D错误。C选项“计算机的价格已经稳定地下降了”，由原文Furthermore, the price of computers has steadily fallen to the point where a small computer for home or office is being sold for less than $100.（此外，计算机的价格已经稳步下降到家庭或办公室用的小型电脑售价不到100美元的地步。）可知，计算机的价格已经稳步下降，C选项符合原文，所以本题选C。2. 单选题Everybody knows that the earth is spherical, _?问题1选项A.doesnt heB.doesnt sheC.dont theyD.doesnt it【答案】C【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：每个人都知道地球是球形的，不是吗？当陈述句的主语是everybody时，反义疑问句的主语用they。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题Bringing up children is a hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Harris has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood. Ms. Harris takes to hitting the assumption, which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.Ms. Harriss attack on the developmentalists “nature” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer (同龄人) group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxed, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Harris argues, be keen to appear like their peers. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and that peoples child bearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.1. According to Ms. Harris, _.2. Which of the following views is consistent with what the developmentalists hold?3. According to Para. 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?4. The word “ditched” could be best replaced by _.5. What is the authors main purpose?问题1选项A.parents are to blame for any bad behavior of their childrenB.parents will affect greatly the childrens life in the long runC.nature rather than nurture has a significant effect on childrens personality developmentD.childrens personality is shaped by their friends and neighbors问题2选项A.Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.B.Twins are quite different if they are reared in two separate families.C.Identical twins reared in the same home are different in personality.D.Nurture has a less significant effect on childrens personality development.问题3选项A.It is harder to track the precise effects of parental upbringing than the exact influence of the peer group in children.B.Immigrant children tend to discard the way their parents speak quickly when they go to school.C.It has been proved that peers have more impact on childrens qualities such as to be honest or hard-working or generous.D.It is easier for children to acquire a language at school than at home.问题4选项A.provedB.emphasizedC.comparedD.ignored问题5选项A.To highly praise Ms. Harriss work.B.To counter Ms. Harriss work.C.To objectively report on Ms. Harriss work.D.To critically comment on Ms. Harriss work.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood.（她认为，父母对孩子个性的发展没有重要的长期影响。更重要的是他们在操场上的朋友和邻居。），说明哈里斯女士认为孩子的个性塑造受到朋友和邻居的影响。因此D选项“孩子的个性是由他们的朋友和邻居塑造的”正确。A选项“父母应该为他们孩子的任何不良行为负责”，B选项“从长远来看，父母将极大地影响孩子的人生”，C选项“天生的而不是后天的因素对孩子的个性发展有很大的影响”均与原文意思相反，所以A, B, C错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Ms. Harriss attack on the developmentalists “nature” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having.（哈里斯女士对发展主义者的“自然”论点的攻击似乎加深了人们对这一职业已经存在的怀疑。），说明哈里斯女士和发展主义者的观点截然不同，哈里斯女士认为孩子的个性塑造受到朋友和邻居的影响，而发展主义者强调父母对孩子的影响，认为教育对孩子的影响更大，所以A选项“孩子受同龄人的影响比受父母的影响更大”，D选项“天生的因素对孩子个性发展的影响不大”不属于发展主义者的观点，A, D错误。由于哈里斯女士所举的双胞胎例子与发展主义者的观点相反，那么后者的观点应该是：双胞胎在同一个家庭长大则个性相同，在不同的家庭长大个性会有很大的差异，所以C选项“在同一家庭中长大的同卵双胞胎在性格上是不同的”错误。因此B选项“如果双胞胎在两个不同的家庭中长大，他们就会有很大不同”正确。3.客观细节题。A选项“追踪父母教养的确切影响比追踪同龄人群体对孩子的确切影响更难”，由原文Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence.（虽然很难追踪父母教养的确切影响，但要衡量同龄人群体在童年和青春期的确切影响可能更困难。）可知后者更难，所以A错误。C选项“事实证明，同龄人对儿童的品质，如诚实、勤奋、慷慨等方面的影响更大”，由原文Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.（尽管要证明父母对这些品质的影响很小很容易，但要证明同龄人对这些品质的影响要大得多却很难。）可知，很难证明同龄人对这些品质的影响更大，所以C错误。D选项“儿童在学校比在家里更容易掌握一种语言”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。B选项“移民的孩子在上学时往往会很快抛弃他们父母的说话方式”，由原文Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak.（哈里斯指出，来自移民家庭的孩子在学校很快就学会了不像父母那样说话。）可知，移民的孩子在学校很快就会抛弃父母的说话方式，所以B正确。4.语义推测题。由题干关键词“ditched”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely.（此外，父母当然不能被完全抛弃。），说明不能完全忽视父母的影响，可以推断出“ditched”在文中是指“忽视”的意思。因此D选项“忽视”正确。A选项“证明”，B选项“强调”，C选项“比较”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。5.观点态度题。结合全文来看，作者基本上同意哈里斯女士的观点，即家长对孩子的影响并不是人们所认为的那么重要，影响孩子成长的还有外界的因素。但作者在第三段中提到，哈里斯女士在说明问题时所举的例子不恰当，因为它强调了技能而不是个性，接着在第四段中说到，虽然孩子们极力要向他们的同龄人看齐，但家长们对他们的早期影响是不可忽视的，说明作者对哈里斯女士观点的态度是批判性的。因此D选项“对哈里斯女士的工作进行批判性评论”正确。A选项“高度赞扬哈里斯女士的工作”，B选项“反驳哈里斯女士的工作”，作者没有完全绝对地赞同或反对哈里斯女士的观点，所以A、B错误。C选项“客观地报告哈里斯女士的工作”，作者除了客观介绍了哈里斯女士的观点之外，也提出了自己的主观看法，所以C错误。4. 单选题The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling in adaptive rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in 1960s, but it was in the 1970s, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation. As well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Bostons eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thomson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonios leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which menders through the business district.1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. What is the space at Quincy Market now used for?3. According to the passage, Benjamin Thomson was the designer for a project in _.4. When was the Butler Square building originally built?5. What is the authors opinion of the San Antonio project?问题1选项A.During the 1970s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use.B.Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers.C.The San Antonio example shows that bulldozers are not the way to fight urban decay.D.Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston.问题2选项A.Bostons new city hall.B.Sports and recreational facilities.C.Commercial and industrial warehouses.D.Restaurant, offices, and stores.问题3选项A.San FranciscoB.BostonC.MinneapolisD.San Antonio问题4选项A.In the eighteenth century.B.In the early nineteenth century.C.In the late nineteenth century.D.In the early twentieth century.问题5选项A.It is clearly the best of the projects discussed.B.It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.C.The extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.D.The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头提出了翻新旧建筑的现象，接着举了旧金山、波士顿、明尼阿波利斯市和圣安东尼奥市的例子，最后得出结论Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonios leaders rehabilitated existing structures（圣安东尼奥的领导人并没有动用推土机，而是修复了现有的建筑）。因此C选项“圣安东尼奥的例子表明，推土机不是解决城市废弃建筑的方法”正确。A选项“在20世纪70年代，许多城市的旧建筑被回收用于现代用途” 只是文章中提到的一个现象，不能作为文章主题，所以A错误。B选项“最近对生态问题的关注导致了许多河流的清理”，这是修复工作的细节之一，不能概括文章主旨，所以B错误。D选项“政府的大力支持使适应性修复在波士顿成为现实”只是波士顿修复工作的细节之一，不能作为文章主题，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.（他为就餐、购物、专业办公室和步行提供了一个极好的环境。），说明昆西市场现在被用作餐厅、办公室和商店。因此D选项“餐厅、办公室和商店”正确。A选项“波士顿的新市政厅”，B选项“体育和娱乐设施”，C选项“商业和工业仓库”均不符合文章内容，所以A, B, C错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Bostons eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thomson.（其中最全面的项目之一是1824年设计的波士顿18世纪法尼尔大厅和昆西市场的修复和改造在本杰明汤姆森的设计领导下，这些优秀的老建筑通过智能再利用而恢复了生机。），说明本杰明汤姆森设计的项目位于波士顿。因此B选项“波士顿”正确。A选项“旧金山”，C选项“明尼阿波利斯”，D选项“圣安东尼奥”均不符合文章内容，所以A, C, D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse.（明尼阿波利斯市的巴特勒广场体现了其复杂的办公空间、商业空间和公共设施的重大变化，它是在1906年设计成一个硬件仓库的一大堆建筑中改造出来的。），说明巴特勒广场的建筑最初是在1906年设计的，1906年是在20世纪初期。因此D选项“二十世纪初”正确。A选项“十八世纪”，B选项“十九世纪初”，C选项“十九世纪末”均不符合文章内容，所以A, B, C错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay.（德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市为许多其他城市与城市废弃建筑作斗争提供了实物教训。），说明圣安东尼奥市项目可以作为典范为其他城市所效仿。因此B选项“这是一个可以在其他城市复制的好项目”正确。A选项“它显然是所讨论的项目中最好的一个”，C选项“推土机的大量使用使得这项工程成本很高”，D选项“在河流上所做的工作比在建筑物上所做的工作更重要”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。5. 单选题You hear the refrain all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesnt feel good. Why doesnt ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didnt really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctivelyand wronglylabeled government only as “a necessary evil”.Its often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving richoverpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most peoples incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often dont satisfy their rising wantsfor bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.The other great frustration is