考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学模拟考试题含答案40

考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学模拟考试题含答案1. 翻译题从一定角度上看，教育的目的实质上就是通过生存知识的获得和生存能力的提高而使受教育者为未来的生活做好准备；而社会教育就是通过社会方式来实现这一目的。对于任何人来说，生活可以有两个目标：一是达到或维持基本的生存水平，二是提高到更高层次。为达到这两个目标其实生活中它们是融合在一起的，一般不会有人把两者割裂开来任何时代、任何区域和社会阶层都会对作为社会成员生活在这一时空与社会交叉点上的人有一个基本或起码的知识和能力客观要求。【答案】From a certain point of view, the purpose of education is to make the educated prepare for the future life through the acquisition of survival knowledge and the improvement of survival ability. Social education is to achieve this goal through social means. For anyone, life can have two goals. One is to achieve or maintain a basic level of survival, and the other is to improve to a higher level. In order to achieve these two goalsin fact, they are integrated in life, and generally no one will cut them apartany era, any region and social class will have a basic or minimum objective requirement of knowledge and ability for people living at the intersection of time, space and society as members of the society.2. 单选题Barbara Strozzi was a singer and composer of madrigals arias and cantatas published in Venice between 1644 and 1664. Her use of these vocal forms places her directly within the cantata tradition of the mid-seventeenth century, along with such mayor figure as Rossi, Carissimi, and Cesti. With the notable exception of Francesca Caccioi (1587-1640), she is the only known woman among the many aria and cantata composers of seventeenth-century Italy, and is, presumably, among the very few women of the period to have pursued a career as a composer and to have achieved some measure of public recognition.This historical distinction attracted attention to her works early in the present century, even when the music of most of her male contemporaries, and, indeed, most women composers of any era, remained relatively ignored. But appreciation of her style was limited by prevailing convention to an isolation of its supposedly feminine qualities: “great spontaneity, exquisite grace, marvelously fine taste.” Such an appreciation now appears irrelevant as well as polemical in its incompleteness because we are in a better position-with regard to both historical knowledge and social awareness-to attempt a more precise evaluation for a somewhat anomalous (unusual) figure like Barbara Strozzi.Born in 1619 in Venice, she grew up in the home of Giulio Strozzi, a renowned poet and leading figure among Venetian intellectuals. Barbaras presence in Giulios household guaranteed her an early and full exposure to Venetian musical and literary society. Indeed, she was able to enter a world that was, apparently, closed to other members of her sex. Similarly, Francesca Caccini, the most prominent and successful Italian woman composer of the period, was the daughter of profession musicians and therefore exposed to music from infancy. This parallel suggests that such an environment may have been essential for the development of a female composer.1.According to the passage, Barbara Strozzis music attracted attention early in the twentieth century because of（ ）.2.The authors use of the word “supposedly” (line4, Para. 2)implies which of the following?3.The author of the passage bases her assertion that Strozzi is one of the very few seventeenth-century Italian women composers on which of the following assumptions?4.The author of the passage implies that which of the following was most essential to the success of both Francesca Caccini and Barbara Strozzi?5.It can be inferred from the passage that all of the following made Barbara Strozzi “a somewhat anomalous figure” EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.its uniquely private characterB.its influence on Francesca CacciniC.the scarcity of seventeenth-century women composersD.the unconventionality of its forms问题2选项A.The author doubts the historical authenticity of the quotation that follows.B.The author doubts the accuracy of the facts she is reporting.C.The author disagrees with the judgment she is discussing.D.The author does not believe that Strozzi9s music has the qualities cited in the quotation.问题3选项A.Public recognition is an indispensable part of a career as a composer.B.Strozzi and Caccini were influenced by the same composers.C.The music of any woman composer whom her seventeenth-century contemporaries regarded as noteworthy would be known to modem scholars.D.The cantata tradition of themed-seventeenth century includes composers scholars and performers of madrigals and arias as well as cantatas.问题4选项A.Their presence in Venice at a time when vocal music nourished.B.Their early firsthand exposure to music and musicians.C.The lack of competition from other composers.D.The popularity of madrigals and cantatas in seventeenth-century Italy.问题5选项A.she was a woman composer during the seventeenth centuryB.she did not write dramatic works for voiceC.she did not perform operatic worksD.she wrote moving vocal works【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段提到这一历史上的与众不同在本世纪初吸引了人们对她作品的关注，而这时大多数和她同时代的男性作曲家，甚至任何时代的女性作曲家的作品，仍然相对被忽视（This historical distinction attracted attention to her works early in the present century, even when the music of most of her male contemporaries, and, indeed, most women composers of any era, remained relatively ignored），由此可知她的作品之所以吸引别人的关注是因为她作品的与众不同，选项D符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第二段提到对她风格的欣赏受到了主流传统的限制，局限于对其女性化特质的孤立：自发性、精致的优雅、绝妙的品味（But appreciation of her style was limited by prevailing convention to an isolation of its supposedly feminine qualities: “great spontaneity, exquisite grace, marvelously fine taste”），由此可知作者并不赞成这种观点，因此选项C符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第一段最后一句话提到她是十七世纪意大利众多咏叹调和大合唱作曲家中唯一知名的女性，而且她是那个时期为数不多的从事作曲家事业并获得一定程度的公众认可的女性之一（she is the only known woman among the many aria and cantata composers of seventeenth-century Italy, and is, presumably, among the very few women of the period to have pursued a career as a composer and to have achieved some measure of public recognition），因此选项D符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到芭芭拉很早就接触了威尼斯音乐和文学社会（Barbaras presence in Giulios household guaranteed her an early and full exposure to Venetian musical and literary society），接着提到了成功的意大利女性作曲家卡西尼从婴儿时期就接触音乐（Similarly, Francesca Caccini, the most prominent and successful Italian woman composer of the period, was the daughter of profession musicians and therefore exposed to music from infancy），因此选项B符合题意。5.推理判断题。四个选项中，除了选项A“她是17世纪女作曲家”不是她不寻常的原因外，其他三项都是。3. 单选题They asked us to come to their party but we（ ）the invitation.问题1选项A.rejectedB.refusedC.declinedD.spurn【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。reject“拒绝，指断然拒绝接受某人，某物”；refuse“拒绝，回绝”；decline“拒绝，通常指有礼貌地婉拒”；spurn“藐视，唾弃”。句意：他们邀请我们去参加他们的聚会，但是我们婉拒了。由题干语境可知拒绝参加聚会应该是婉言拒绝。故C项正确。4. 单选题He was afraid he would have to（ ）her invitation to the party.问题1选项A.refuteB.rejectC.returnD.decline【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析。refute“驳倒，反驳，用证据证明是假的”；reject“拒绝，谢绝，指断然拒绝接受某人或某物或要求”；return“返回”；decline“婉拒”。句意：他担心他将不得不拒绝她的参加聚会的邀请。婉拒符合题意。故D项正确。5. 单选题Ive heard the saying, “The best gift parents can ever give to their children is to love each other.”Ive had the pleasure of witnessing the truth of this statement for over 40 years. From as far back as I can remember my Mom and Dad were a team, a great partnership. They were more than just a partnership. It was as if they were one person.Sure, they argued, but there was never any doubt in our minds that any disagreements would be worked through and resolved. Mom and Dad began their married life poor, but they worked hard and, over the years, built a very successful business. They each had their strengths and weaknesses, but the way they worked together, you never saw the weaknesses, just the strengths.Dad was the outgoing, more public person with whom people met and fell in love with right away. Everyone knew Dad! Then, when they got to meet Mom, they felt the exact same way about her as well. Mom, although not at all shy, was more comfortable being the person behind the scenes. More detail oriented, she ran the books and, according to Dad, was the one who really made the business work.The biggest lesson about love and marriage that my mom and dad taught us kids was how to talk about your spouse. Have you ever heard husbands and wives, when speaking to others, make unkind remarks about their spouses? Its one of those things people just seem to do. Sure, theyre “only kidding” or maybe they are not. But words matter. And words teach, whether positively or negatively.You would never hear such a thing from my mom and dad. Dad always speaks of Mom in the most complimentary, glowing terms. As does she of him. This lesson made such an impression on me. I still remember when I was age 12 and we were getting carpet installed in our home. The crew boss was one of those stereotypical beer guzzling, hard-living guys, who would have probably belonged to Ralph Kramdens Raccoon Lodge from the old Honeymooners TV show. For lunch, my folks bought pizza for the crew. Dad went to talk with the boss about the job. I was around the comer listening.The boss said, “This is an expensive job. Women will really spend your money, wont they?” Dad responded, “Well, Ill tell you, when they were right there with you before you had any money, its a pleasure to do anything for them you possibly can.”This wasnt the answer the carpet installer expected to hear. He was looking for negative banter about wives which, to him, was natural. He tried again: “But, gee, theyll really play off that and spend all they can, wont they?” Dad replied, as I knew he would, “Hey, when theyre the reason youre successful, you want them to do the things they enjoy. Theres no greater pleasure.”The crew boss tried one more time. And theyll take that as far as they can, huh? Dad responded. “Shes the best thing that ever happened to me. Id do anything to make her happy.”I was trying not to laugh. I knew he wanted Dad to give in just a little bit and say, “Yeah，I guess thats true. But it wouldnt happen.not in a million years! ”Finally, the installer gave up and went back to work, probably shaking his head in bewilderment. Witnessing my dad in that moment taught me more about loving and respecting your wife than anything he could ever have told me about the subject.Mom and Dad are now retired and enjoying their life together, just hanging out, reading, and visiting their children and grandchildren. They recently celebrated their 43rd wedding anniversary. They still hold hands, and they are more in love than ever. Throughout the years, whenever Mom would remind me that I should be looking to get married, Id say, “Ma, I have plenty of time.” Shed jokingly reply that I dont have “that” much time. My Dad would then look at me in that wisdom-filled, city streets bred way of his and say, “Hey, you take all the time you need. If you marry someone just half the woman your mother is, youll have a great life.” I should only be so lucky.1.What are the authors mothers characteristics?2.How did the authors parents teach him the most important thing about marriage?3.Why did the authors family buy pizza for the crew?4. Which of the following is least likely to be accepted by this crew boss?5.What kind of impact did the conversation between his father and the installer have on the author?问题1选项A.She is more public and determined.B.She is more patient and comfortable.C.She is more agreeable and pays more attention to details.D.She is in charge of accounting and running the business.问题2选项A.They each had their strengths and weaknesses, but the way they worked together, you only saw the strengths.B.They worked hard and, over the years, built a very prosperous business.C.Mom and Dad were a team, a great partnership.D.They always spoke of each other in a positive way.问题3选项A.They were putting a carpet in place in our home.B.My father had something to ask from the crew head.C.The crew boss came from Ralph Kramdens Raccoon Lodge.D.The crew boss was a stereotypical beer loving, hard-living guy.问题4选项A.Women will spare no cost when they just want to do it.B.Women give full play to the rights men grant them.C.Women are the powerhouse behind men success story.D.Women are the ruin of men.问题5选项A.Men should love and respect their wives.B.Its immoral to speak ill of someone without the persons presence.C.A child should learn to protect patents good images.D.We should value the days we spend together with our spouses.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由第四段“Mom, although not at all shy, was more comfortable being the person behind the scenes. More detail oriented, she ran the books and, according to Dad, was the one who really made the business work. 妈妈，虽然一点也不害羞，但做一个幕后的人更舒服。她更注重细节，经营账本，据父亲说，她是真正让生意运转起来的人。”可知C项“她更和蔼可亲，注重细节”正确。2.细节事实题。由第五段“The biggest lesson about love and marriage that my mom and dad taught us kids was how to talk about your spouse. 我父母教给我们孩子关于爱情和婚姻的最重要的一课就是如何谈论你的配偶。”以及第六段“You would never hear such a thing from my mom and dad. Dad always speaks of Mom in the most complimentary, glowing terms. As does she of him. 你永远不会从我父母那里听到这样的事情。爸爸总是用最 赞美、最热烈的语言谈论妈妈。她对他也一样。”可知作者的父母总是对外人互相赞美对方。故D项正确。3.细节事实题。由第六段“I still remember when I was age 12 and we were getting carpet installed in our home. 我还记得我12岁的时候，我们家正在铺地毯。”可知A项正确。4.推理判断题。由父亲与工人的谈话可知，工人认为女人只会花钱，对女人是持贬低的态度。A项“女人只要想做就会不惜任何代价”；B项“妇女充分发挥了男人赋予她们的权利”；C项“女人是男人成功故事背后的动力”；D项“女人是男人的祸根”。可知C项工人最不可能接受。5.推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Witnessing my dad in that moment taught me more about loving and respecting your wife than anything he could ever have told me about the subject. 在那一刻，我的父亲教会了我爱和尊重你的妻子，这比他告诉我的任何事情都要多。”可知A项“男人应该爱和尊敬他们的妻子”正确。6. 单选题Many people who formerly backed him now have _ about his ability to do the job.问题1选项A.presentationsB.issuesC.reservationsD.likelihoods【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. presentations 演讲 B. issues 问题C. reservations 保留意见；疑惑 D. likelihoods 可能性【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】当back做动词时，表示支持的意思。空格前who引导一个定语从句修饰many people，表示许多以前支持他的人。空格后表示对他做这项工作的能力。此处用了formerly“以前地”，根据逻辑关系，应该与现在做对比。根据两者间逻辑关系，应该是许多以前支持他的人现在对他做这项工作的能力产生了怀疑。C选项reservations保留意见；疑惑，表示对他的工作能力有所保留，可引申为此句所需的逻辑“产生怀疑”以满足上述条件。【干扰项排除】A选项presentations “演讲”，不符合逻辑；B选项issues“问题”，指议题，通常比较正式，与政治方面有些关系，很官方；D选项likelihoods“可能性”，不符合逻辑。【句意】许多以前支持他的人现在对他的工作能力持保留态度。7. 单选题The Wallenstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce（ ）.问题1选项A.that occurred when a childB.that occurred when they were childrenC.that has occurred as each was a childD.occurring when children【答案】B【解析】考查语法。分析句子成分可知空格处所填成分为定语，when引导时间状语从句。句意：瓦伦斯坦的研究表明，即使过了十年，年轻男女仍然会受到父母离婚的影响，这些离婚是在他们还是孩子时发生的。B项符合题意。8. 单选题After the election, a new situation is likely to（ ）.问题1选项A.riseB.raiseC.ariseD.arouse【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。rise“上升，增强”；raise“提升，增加，养育”；arise“出现，上升，起立”；arouse“引起，唤醒，鼓励”。句意：选举之后，一种新形势可能要出现了。C项符合题意。9. 单选题I remember（ ）the door before I went to bed.问题1选项A.lockingB.to lockC.to have lockedD.being locked【答案】A【解析】考查remember的用法。“remember to do something”记得要做某事却没做；“remember doing something”记得做过某事。句意：我记得睡之前锁了门。如果B项正确，那么C项也对。D项是一种被动的表达，排除。故答案A。10. 单选题The news about the nuclear power station that was damaged by the earthquake was_.问题1选项A.negativeB.encouragingC.seriousD.positive【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. negative 消极的 B. encouraging令人鼓舞的C. serious严肃的；严重的 D. positive积极的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意可知，核电站被损是一件很严肃的事情。因为会导致核泄漏等不良影响。C选项serious“严肃的，严重的”满足句意。【干扰项排除】B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。核电站被损这件事情并不是好的事情；A选项negative通常指消极的负面的，形容态度或者某件事的影响。【句意】关于核电站被地震破坏的消息是很严重的。11. 单选题She said that she would be here at eight oclock. But she didnt（ ）until ten thirty.问题1选项A.turn onB.turn downC.turn upD.turn out【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。turn on“打开”；turn down“关掉，调低”；turn up“出现”；turn out“结果是”。句意：她说她八点会到这的，但是直到十点还没出现。C项符合句意。12. 单选题Its time（ ）about the traffic problem downtown.问题1选项A.something was doneB.anything will be doneC.everything is doneD.nothing to be done【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。its time 后面的从句用一般过去时或should+动词原形（should不能省略）。句意：是时候采取一些措施来解决城市交通问题了。故A项正确。13. 单选题Remember that only a few of the living things that are produced can live. In general, thoselive that are best fitted for living（ ）they do.问题1选项A.whereB.whatC.whyD.how【答案】A【解析】考查语法。where引导定语从句，即those live that are best fitted for living where they do (will live).句意：记住只有少数被生产出来的生物才能生存。一般来说，只有那些生活在最适合它们生活的地方的生物才能生存。14. 单选题It is through learning that the individual_ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. retains保持 B. gains获得C. achieves达到；实现 D. acquires获得；取得【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】B、C、D三个选项都有“获得，实现”的意思。of reacting to situations做habitual ways的后置定语。句意为获得对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。acquire指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。这里与habitual ways相符合。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项retain在这里不符合句子逻辑；B选项gain指获得，赢得，经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益；C选项achieve得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。以上选项均不能和habitual ways搭配。【句意】正是通过学习，个人获得了对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。15. 单选题If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firms hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is as lower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that to with these processes will disappear.1.Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?2.What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm?3.The money most American