考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学模拟考试题含答案32

考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题If you play with electricity, you may get an electric _.问题1选项A.strikeB.beatC.shockD.knock【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项strike“击，打，踢；打击”；B选项beat“有规律的敲击（声）；（音乐、诗歌等的）节拍”；C选项shock“电击”，electric shock；D选项knock“敲，击；（常为无意地）碰，撞”。句意：如果你玩弄电，就可能会_。根据语境，这里指被电打到，C选项shock“电击”符合题意。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题The band _ and were beginning to throw their instrument down.问题1选项A.broke downB.broke offC.broke rankD.broke out【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项broke down“（关系的）破裂”；B选项broke off“（折断）脱落；突然停止”；C选项broke rank“打破等级”；D选项broke out“爆发”。句意：乐队闹翻解体，开始扔掉乐器。根据语境，乐队中的成员扔掉乐器，停止弹奏音乐，是因为成员之间关系破裂，A选项broke down“（关系的）破裂”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题I didnt know where to send this _ letter.问题1选项A.registeredB.maidC.mailD.male【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项registered“（信或包裹）挂号的”；B选项maid“女仆”；C选项mail“邮件，信件”；D选项male“男性的”。句意：我不知道该把这封_信寄到哪里。根据语境，这里指的是寄信，横线处修饰letter，A选项registered“（信或包裹）挂号的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题That radio company is so big that it has a lot of _ in foreign countries.问题1选项A.introducersB.instructorsC.conductorsD.agents【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项introducers“介绍人；创始者”；B选项instructors“教练；教师”；C选项conductors“（交响乐、合唱的）指挥；列车员”；D选项agents“代理商”。句意：那家广播公司很大，所以在国外有很多_。根据语境，D选项agents“代理商”和radio company搭配比较合理，符合题意。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题The governess agreed to teach the temperamental child _ she was given complete authority.问题1选项A.thatB.providedC.whetherD.for【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查从句。句意：_赋予那位女家教老师完全的支配权，她答应去教那个脾气暴躁的孩子。横线面前部分是主句，横线后面部分是从句，根据语境，这里是一个条件状语从句，A选项that可引导宾语从句、定语从句、同位语从句等；B选项provided“假如，在条件下，前提是”引导条件状语从句；C选项whether意思为“是否”时引导主语从句、宾语从句等，意思为“不论”时引导让步状语从句；D选项for“因为”引导原因状语从句。根据语境，教这个脾气暴躁的孩子是有挑战的事情，那位教师只有拥有完全的掌控权，她才肯做这件事，B选项provided“假如，在条件下，前提是”符合题意。D选项for“因为”在这里不如B选项provided符合语境。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late.问题1选项A.your delaying to makeB.you delay to makeC.you to delay makingD.your delaying making【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推迟做决定。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，delay doing sth.“推迟做某事”，mind和delay后跟动名词做宾语，D选项your delaying making符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此D选项正确。7. 单选题She admired the director to such an extent that she took his words _ as oracles.问题1选项A.divineB.rebelliousC.faithfulD.unbearable【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项divine“神圣的；极好的”；B选项rebellious“叛逆的”；C选项faithful“忠实的”；D选项unbearable“无法忍受的”。句意：她非常崇拜她的主管，到了把他的话当作神谕一样_。根据语境，这里指把主管的话看得像神谕一样神圣，A选项divine“神圣的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteenth century scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay under the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineer had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1. The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly _.2. It was _ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.3. The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was _.4. “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means _.5. This passage is mainly about _.问题1选项A.for business considerationsB.for investigating the depths of the oceansC.for oceanographic studiesD.for military purposes问题2选项A.those who earned a living from the seaB.the company which proposed to lay an undersea cableC.the American NavyD.some early intercontinental travelers问题3选项A.to estimate the length of cable that was to be madeB.to measure the depths of two oceansC.to make some sound experiments in the oceansD.to collect samples of sea plants and animals问题4选项A.“challenged”B.“agreed to”C.“doubted”D.“gave proof to”问题5选项A.the Investigation of ocean depthsB.the early intercontinental communicationsC.the beginnings of oceanographyD.the laying of the first undersea cable【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.（当提出要铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海底电报电缆时，出于商业动机，人们第一次不得不尽可能以商业结果为导向来回答“海底是什么？”的问题。），可知铺设电报电缆主要考虑的是商业上带来的利益，根据利益来看是否要铺设，A选项“出于商业考虑”正确，B选项“为了考查海洋的深度”和C选项“用于海洋学研究”错误。D选项“出于军事目的”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第一句It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter.（1853年，大西洋电报公司向美国海军的莫里寻求有关此事的信息。），可知B选项“建议铺设海底电缆的公司”正确。A选项“靠海洋为生的人”，C选项“美国海军”和D选项“一些早期的洲际旅行者”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第二句In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.（在19世纪40年代，莫里曾负责推动进行海上航行，以此来勘测北大西洋和太平洋的深度。），可知B选项“测量两个大洋的深度”正确。A选项“估计将要制作的电缆的长度”，C选项“在海洋中做一些声音实验”和D选项“收集海洋植物和动物的样本”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题。defied的意思是“违抗；向挑战”。根据文章第五段最后一句At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.（早期铺设光缆的尝试以失败告终，当取出光缆来维修时，人们发现上面覆盖有生物，这_了当时科学界认为深海没有生命的理论。），可知之前认为深海没有生物，取出电缆后发现原来深海里有生物，让人们开始怀疑原有理论的真实性，A选项“质疑（质疑事情的真实性）”正确。B选项“同意”，C选项“不相信，不信任（不确定事情是否真实并且没有证据）”和D选项“提供证据”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段对海洋学进行定义，第二段介绍19世纪以前对海洋学的研究情况，第三、四、五段讲海洋学的由来，第六段讲19世纪末人们在海洋学的初步研究成果，C选项“海洋学的起源”正确。A选项“调查海洋深度”，B选项“早期的洲际通讯”和D选项“铺设第一条海底电缆”不足以概括全文。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题He is very kind and has put his car entirely at our _ for the holiday.问题1选项A.usageB.disposalC.pleasureD.position【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项usage“使用，利用，利用率”；B选项at ones disposal “由某人支配，由某人做主”；C选项at ones pleasure“随心所欲”；D选项position“位置，地方”。句意：他非常热心，在假期把他的汽车_。根据语境，这里指的是把车借给我们用，B选项at ones disposal“由某人支配”符合题意。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题“The Google brand has taken on a life of its own,” concedes Jim Lanzone, the boss of A, the fourth-largest but fastest-growing search engine, and this simultaneously frustrates and delights him. It frustrates him bemuse people say they “Google” things even when they go to Ask or other engines to search the web; bemuse Google is considered, for no good reason (in his opinion), “the safe choice under pressure”; and bemuse many people “dont seem to want choice” and stick to Google out of mere inertia.But it delights him, because Google, having made many enemies, must now fight many battles; and because Google, perhaps out of hubris, appears to be getting distracted. This month, for instance, Google unveiled a free online spreadsheet program, which, like many Google products, has little to do with web search and is meant to needle Microsoft, the worlds largest software company, which has a near-monopoly on spreadsheets through Excel. Google, in other words, has impressive momentum, says Mr. Lanzone, but a good martial-artist can use his opponents momentum to overcome him, so “were using search aikido”.Yahoo!, the largest internet portal with about 400m users (of its e-mail, instant-messaging, music and other products), has come up with a strategy to differentiate its own search engine. Yahoo! has been at this game for only two years, but now has hundreds of engineers working on it. In contrast to the quasi-religious faith that Google places in its mathematical algorithms, says Eckart Walther, one of Yahoo!s search bosses, Yahoo! is “about combining the best of people with the best of technology”.Ask is taking a different tack. It has come up with Expert Rank, an algorithm that also ranks web pages by incoming links and links by theme. So instead of using a web pages overall popularity to calculate its ranking, it finds the pages that are most popular among experts on a particular subject, a method that often returns better results than Googles. Ask also uses these thematic clusters to suggest the best ways to narrow or expand a search, a feature called “zoom” that is very popular. Chris Sherman of Search Engine Watch thinks that Ask is as good as Google for general web searchbut better than Genie for finding online maps and images.As for Microsoft, it has identified Google as a mortal threat to its business and has launched an all-out effort to catch up in online services in general, and in search in particular. Last winter, it tried to buy itself market share by negotiating with AOL for a mergeror at least an agreement under which AOL would switch from Googles search technology to MSNs; but Google pre-empted Microsoft and itself took a defensive stake in AOL. Microsoft has also hired former rivals who are well respected in the industry.1. What is the central idea of this passage?2. What is the potential crisis for Google according to Jim Lanzone?3. What is the possible meaning of “aikido” in Paragraph 2?4. Which of the statement is NOT true about Expert Rank?5. Which is the reaction taken to cope with Googles challenge?问题1选项A.Google manages to seize more market share in software business.B.Googles growth threatens companies like Microsoft to a large extent.C.Google dominates the on-line search market.D.Google is confronted with stiff competition.问题2选项A.Its rivals are trying to form alliance.B.Google extends into various fields.C.Google overestimates its technique.D.Googles new on-line program attracts more users.问题3选项A.Observing the power contrast between the two sides.B.Temporary compromising in attempt to launch a violent fight-back.C.Defending oneself by making use of the rivals strength.D.Attacking the obvious weakness of the opponent.问题4选项A.Ranking is seldom counted by the pages popularity.B.Relevant information can be effectively and efficiently sought.C.It searches information prevailing in experts on particular topics.D.It even outdoes Google.问题5选项A.Developing spreadsheets with better functions.B.The addition of humanistic consideration to arithmetic rules.C.Linking pages by themes.D.Combing the rivals of Google.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出谷歌在搜索引擎业务的用户有转向使用其他搜索引擎的意愿，第二段提出谷歌扩展业务遇到强劲对手，接下来三段都在讲谷歌的竞争对手具体采取的措施和谷歌竞争，D选项“谷歌面临激烈竞争”正确。A选项“谷歌设法在软件业务中夺取更多的市场份额”，B选项“谷歌的增长在很大程度上威胁到了微软这样的公司”和C选项“谷歌主导了在线搜索市场”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】语义推测题。文章在第一段提出许多人因为惯性而用谷歌，第二段第一句提出But it delights him, because Google, having made many enemies, must now fight many battles; and because Google, perhaps out of hubris, appears to be getting distracted.（但他很高兴，因为他已经树敌无数，现在必须打许多仗；因为谷歌，也许是狂妄自大，似乎分心了。），第二段第二句提出This month, for instance, Google unveiled a free online spreadsheet program（例如，本月谷歌推出了一款免费的在线电子表格程序），列举了谷歌在其他领域的业务，可知这里表示的是谷歌的业务扩展到各个领域，一方面对外有很多竞争者，一方面对内可能精力不足，B选项“谷歌扩展到各个领域”正确。A选项“其对手正试图结成联盟”，C选项“谷歌高估了它的技术”和D选项“谷歌新的在线节目吸引了更多的用户”：文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。aikido的意思是“合气道（以擒、摔为主的一种日本武术）”。根据第二段最后一句a good martial-artist can use his opponents momentum to overcome him, so “were using search aikido”（一个好的武术家可以利用他的对手的势头来战胜他，所以“我们使用搜索合气道”），所以在这里合气道的意思是利用对手的攻势来反攻对方，C选项“利用对手的力量保护自己”正确。A选项“观察双方的力量对比”，B选项“为了发动暴力反击而做出的暂时妥协”和D选项“攻击对手的明显弱点”：不符合题意。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第三句So instead of using a web pages overall popularity to calculate its ranking, it finds the pages that are most popular among experts on a particular subject, a method that often returns better results than Googles.（因此，它不是按照网页总浏览量来计算排序，而是通过专家对某个题目的关注程度排序，这种方法得到的结果往往比谷歌更好。），可知完全不以网页的受欢迎程度计算排名，A选项“排序很少以页面的受欢迎程度来计算”不符合文章内容，故正确；C选项“它搜索专家对特定主题的常关注的信息”和D选项“它甚至超过谷歌”符合文章内容。根据第四段最后一句Ask is as good as Google for general web searchbut better than Genie for finding online maps and images（在一般的网络搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一样好，但在搜索在线地图和图像方面要比Genie好），可知B选项“能够有效和高效地寻找相关信息”符合文章内容。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Chris Sherman of Search Engine Watch thinks that Ask is as good as Google for general web searchbut better than Genie for finding online maps and images.（Search Engine Watch的克里斯谢尔曼认为，在一般的网络搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一样好，但在搜索在线地图和图像方面要比Genie好。）和第五段第二句Last winter, it tried to buy itself market share by negotiating with AOL for a mergeror at least an agreement under which AOL would switch from Googles search technology to MSNs（去年冬天，它试图通过与AOL的谈判来购买自己的市场份额或者至少达成一项协议，让AOL从谷歌的搜索技术转向MSN的搜索技术），可知各个公司在关注谷歌竞争对手的产品质量以及和其他公司联合，D选项“观察联合谷歌的竞争对手”正确。A选项“开发功能更好的电子表格”：不是任何一个公司的举措。B选项“算术规则中增加了对于人文的考虑”：根据第三段最后一句Yahoo! is “about combining the best of people with the best of technology”（雅虎是“将最优秀的人与最优秀的技术结合起来”），可知这是雅虎的措施。C选项“通过主题链接页面”：根据第四段第二句It has come up with Expert Rank, an algorithm that also ranks web pages by incoming links and links by theme.（Ask推出了“专家排名”算法，该算法还可以根据传入链接和主题对网页进行排名。），可知这是Ask的措施。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题Word had come from the manager _ a new transaction would be concluded.问题1选项A.whoB.thatC.whichD.when【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查同位语从句。句意：经理传出消息说将达成一笔新交易。横线前后都是完整的句子，结合横线后面的句子对word进行补充说明，确定横线后面为同位语从句，that引导同位语从句，B选项that符合题意。C选项which不引导同位语从句，A选项who和D选项when不符合语境。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题The age of gilded youth (纨绔子弟) is over. Todays under-thirties are the first generation for a century who can expect a lower living standard than their parents. Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who were born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation. When they leave work late in the evening, they will be more likely to return to a small rented flat than to a house of their own. When, eventually, they retire, their pensions are far lower in real terms than those of their immediate forebears.These findings are revealed in a study of the way how the ageing of Britains population is affecting different generations. Anthea Tinker, professor of social gerontology at Kings College London, who carried out much of the work, said the growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations. “Todays older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners.” she said, “They made relatively small contributions in tax but now make relatively big claims on the welfare system. Generations born in the last three to four decades face the prospect of handing over more than a third of their lifetimes earnings to care for them.”The surging number of older people, many living alone, has also increased demand for property and pushed up house prices. While previous generations found it easy to raise a mortgage, todays under-thirties have to live with their parents or rent. If they can afford to buy a home, it is more likely to be a flat than a house. Laura Lenox-Conyngham, 28, grew up in a large house and her mother did not need to work. Unlike her wealthy parents, she graduated with student and postgraduate loan debts of 13,000. She now earns about 20,000 a year, preparing food to be photographed for magazines. Her home is a one-bedroom flat in central London and she sublets the lunge sofa-bed to her brother. “My father took pity and paid off my student debts.” she said, “But I still have no pension and no chance of buying a property for at least a couple of years-and then it will be something small in a bad area. My only hope is the traditional one of meeting a rich man.” Tinkers research reveals Lenox-Conyngham is representative of many young professionals, especially in London, Manchester, Edinburgh and Bristol.1. By saying “the growth of the proportionto younger generations” (Para. 2), Anthea Tinker really means that _.2. Why are todays older middle-aged and elderly becoming the new winners?3. Which factor pushed house prices?4. In what way does Laura Lenox-Conyngham make her living?5. We can conclude from the passage that _.问题1选项A.currently wealth flows from old generation to younger generationB.traditionally wealth flows from younger generation to old generationC.with the increasingly big population of over 50, the trend arises that wealth flows from younger generation to old generationD.with more and more people of over 50, traditions have been reversed问题2选项A.Because they contributed a small portion in lax but enjoy more on the welfare system.B.Because they contributed a lot in tax and now can claim much on the welfare system.C.Because they made small contributions, but now can make money easily.D.Because they outnumber younger generation and enjoy more privileges in the present society.问题3选项A.Many young men, who live alone, have increased demand for houses.B.Many young men need to rent more houses.C.It is easy to apply for a mortgage tor young generation.D.The number of older people, many of whom live alone, becomes bigger and bigger.问题4选项A.By taking photographs for magazines.B.By marring a rich man.C.By subletting the lounge sofa-bed to her brother.D.By preparing food for photographs for some magazines.问题5选项A.Todays under-thirties are leading a miserable life in BritainB.Laura Lenox-Conynghams attitude to work and life represents that of many young professionals in BritainC.Life can get harder for under-thirties in BritainD.Elders enjoy extremely high living standards in Britain【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Anthea Tinkersaid the growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations.（Anthea Tinker表示，50岁以上人口比例的增长逆转了财富从老一辈流向年轻一代的传统趋势。），可知因为50岁以上人口比例的增长，财富从老一辈流向年轻一代的传统趋势被逆转。结合第一段第三句Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who were born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation.（对1970年以后出生的人的生活方式和前景的研究表明，与上一代人相比，他们可能终生面临更长的工作时间、更低的工作保障和更高的税收。）和第二段第一句These findings are revealed in a study of the way how the ageing of Britains population is affecting different generations.（一项关于英国人口老龄化如何影响不同世代的研究揭示了这些发现。），可知Anthea Tinker的研究对老一代和年轻一代的财富进行对比，是为了证明人口