考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学模拟考试题含答案35

考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with “nonhuman creatures” such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These fines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet-meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Danikens theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin Americas past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?2. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found（ ）.3. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the（ ）images they present.3. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of（ ）.5. The author is（ ）about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.问题1选项A.Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomenaB.Public attention is now directed towards countries like PeruC.Public interest usually focuses on North America and EuropeD.Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries问题2选项A.in mountainsB.in stonesC.on animalsD.on a plain问题3选项A.smallerB.largerC.clearerD.brighter问题4选项A.the participation of scientistsB.the emergence of the InternetC.the birth of new theoriesD.the interest in the Internet问题5选项A.cautiousB.pessimisticC.uncertainD.optimistic【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题干：以下哪个选项的陈述不正确？文章第一段第三句指出Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well.（直到最近，拉丁美洲也开始受到一些关注。），可知A选项“拉丁美洲长期以来一直因异常现象而受到关注”，与原文意思矛盾，表述不正确，答案选A；根据第一段最后一句话Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.（尽管阿兹特克文明、玛雅文明和印加文明的奥秘已经为人所知好几个世纪了，但现在公众也开始意识到在秘鲁等国家出现了不寻常的超自然现象。），可知B选项“公众的注意力现在转向了像秘鲁这样的国家”和D选项“一些古代文明有未解之谜”，均符合文意；根据第一段第一句话Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries.（在过去的几十年里，美国、加拿大和欧洲因异常现象和未解之谜而受到了大量媒体甚至研究的关注。），可知C选项“公众的兴趣通常集中在北美和欧洲”正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。2.事实细节题。题干：根据文章可知，纳斯卡线条在_被发现。由题干关键词“Nazca lines”定位至第二段第二句话These fines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard.（这些细雕被深深地雕刻成一个平坦的石质平原，并形成了大约300幅复杂的动物图片，如鸟、猴子和蜥蜴。），可知D选项“在平原”，正确。A选项“在山区”，B选项“石头上”和C选项“在动物身上”，均不是正确答案。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。3.事实细节题。题干：我们可以根据文章推断，在越高的地方看这些线条，图像展现得就会越_。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三，四句话Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet-meaning from an aircraft.（从地面上看，这些设计是乱七八糟，毫无意义的东西。这些图像是如此之大，以至于只能在1000英尺的高度也就是说从飞机上看。），也就是说，从越高的地方看这些线条，图案也就越清晰。所以本题C选项“越清晰”，符合题意。A选项“越渺小”，B选项“越庞大”，和D选项“越明亮”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。4.事实细节题。题干：人们对纳斯卡线条越来越感兴趣主要是因为_。由题干可以定位到文章第三段前两句Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet.（今天，人们对纳斯卡线条有了新的更大的兴趣。它是互联网诞生的直接结果。），可知B选项“互联网的出现”，符合题意；而第三段最后一句话and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.（甚至受人尊敬的科学家也通过电子邮件和聊天室加入了讨论），是对互联网对其贡献的具体说明，不是直接原因，故A选项“科学家的参与”，不正确；C选项“新理论的诞生”和D选项“互联网的兴趣”与题干无关，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。5.观点态度题。题干：关于互联网在解决神秘事件中的作用，作者是_。全文末句表达了作者的态度Perhaps it is a step in the fight direction.（也许这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。）这里a step in the right direction是对这种解开不解之谜的方式的肯定，但加上perhaps之后可以感受到作者这种谨慎的态度，故A选项“谨慎的”，符合题意。B选项“悲观的”，C选项“不确定的”和D选项“乐观的”，均不是作者的态度。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。2. 单选题The book（ ）was not in the school library.问题1选项A.to which the professor referred usB.to which the professor referred to usC.which the professor referred usD.which the professor referred to us【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。当从句谓语动词是不及物动词时，定语从句用介词+连接词引导，refer表示“参考，查阅”的意思时为不及物动词，用法是refer sb. to sth.。句意：教授让我们查阅的那本书不在学校图书馆。因此，本题的正确选项是A选项。3. 单选题He（ ）spends his holidays in the mountains though occasionally he goes to the seaside instead.问题1选项A.usuallyB.constantlyC.invariablyD.always【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项usually“通常，经常”，表示频率高，允许有例外；B选项constantly“不断地；时常地”，表示一个动作不断发生，一成不变；C选项invariably “总是，不变地，一如既往的”，表示一成不变的持续动作；D选项always“总是，常常”，频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续、中间没有间断。句意：他通常在山里度假，但偶尔去海边。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。4. 单选题A drunk man walked in,（ ）both in appearance and odor.问题1选项A.repulsiveB.reluctantC.reproachfulD.reputed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项repulsive“排斥的，令人厌恶的”；B选项reluctant“不情愿的，勉强的”；C选项reproachful“责备的，申斥的”；D选项reputed“驰名的，普遍认为的，名誉好的”。句意：一个醉汉进来了，他的出现以及身上的味道都让人觉得厌恶。根据选项和句意可知，A选项符合题意。5. 单选题A（ ）statement will very likely be one that appears to be convincing on the surface, but which, upon closer examination, is not so.问题1选项A.plausibleB.reasonableC.credibleD.laudable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项plausible“看似可信的，花言巧语的”；B选项reasonable “合理的，公道的”；C选项credible“可靠的，可信的”；D选项laudable“可赞誉的，值得称赞的”。句意：一个看似可信的陈述很可能是表面上看起来令人信服的，但在仔细检查后，却并非如此。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。6. 单选题There seemed little hope that the explorer,（ ）by his guide, would find his way through the jungle.问题1选项A.having been desertedB.having desertedC.to have been desertedD.to be deserted【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词desert和主语explorer是被动关系，B选项having desert“抛弃”表示主动，所以B选项排除，C选项to have been deserted 和D选项to be deserted都表示“将要被抛弃”，A选项having been deserted相当于who had been deserted，用来修饰explorer，表示现在已经被抛弃。句意：那位探险家被向导遗弃后，要找到穿过丛林的路似乎没有什么希望了。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。7. 写作题Write on ANSWER SHEET a letter of about 150 words based on the following situation: You are Sally Parsons, dean of the School of Information Engineering, Southeast Missouri State University. Your school is employing prof. Lin Jia-xin from Beijing University to be a visiting professor. Your writing should include the following content:1. The purpose of your employment2. The payment and accommodation offered to the professor3. The employment duration4. Your expectation for a favorable and early reply5. Signature in your name with rank / position【答案】略8. 单选题Humble（ ）it may be, there is no place more like home.问题1选项A.althoughB.asC.howD.that【答案】B【解析】考查让步状语从句。句子用了倒装，把形容词提前到句首，只有as或者though有这个用法，although没有。as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提前）例如：Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.由as引导的让步状语从句，强调表语humble。句意：尽管这里是简陋的，但是没有一个地方比它更像家。所以本题选择B选项正确。9. 单选题The speaker was very good at（ ）his ideas during the discussion.问题1选项A.putting asideB.putting acrossC.putting backD.putting off【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项put aside“撇开，把放在一边”，例句：They decided to put aside their differences.（他们决定搁置双方的分歧。）；B选项put across“解释清楚，说明”，例句：Do you give him a fair opportunity to put across his views?（你会给他们平等的机会去表达自己的看法吗？）；C选项put back“推迟，妨碍”，例句：The meeting has been put back to next week.（这次会议已延期到下周了。）；D选项put off“推迟”，例句：Weve had to put off our wedding until September.（我们只得把婚期推迟到九月。）。句意：演讲者很善于在讨论中表达自己的观点。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。10. 单选题（ ）the reason, important tissues ranging from the muscles to the brain shrink and become less competent with age.问题1选项A.HoweverB.No matter howC.WhicheverD.Whatever【答案】D【解析】考查让步状语从句。A选项however“然而”，通常引导一个让步状语从句，从句中的形容词或副词必须紧接其后；例如：However rich people are，they always seem anxious to take more money.（无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱。）；B选项no matter how“不管怎样，无论如何”，引导让步状语从句的用法：no matter how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语(+宾语）；例如：No matter how expensive it may be, Ill take it.（无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。）；C选项whichever，“不论哪个”引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter which，其意为“无论哪个”“不管哪个”，在句中充当定语或者宾语，例如：Whichever you choose, the others will be offended.（无论你选哪个，都会冒犯其余的人。）；D选项whatever，“不论什么”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what，在句中充当主语或者宾语，例如：Whatever you say, I wont believe you.（无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。），Whatever引导让步状语从句有时可以省略从句中的be动词，例如：Whatever your argument, I shall hold to my decision.（不论你怎样争辩，我还是坚持自己的决定。），本题属于省略be动词的情况，whatever the reason is，important tissues ranging from the muscles to the brain shrink and become less competent with age.句意：不管是什么原因，从肌肉到大脑的重要组织都会随着年龄的增长而萎缩，能力下降。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,（ ）of course, made the others jealous.问题1选项A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构：从句与主句之间有逗号隔开，独立存在，去掉了也不会影响整个句子的意思，所以这里用的是非限定定语从句。句意：海伦对她最小的孩子比别的孩子好，当然这使得其他孩子很嫉妒。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代海伦对她最小的孩子比别的孩子好这个事情，所以本题的正确选项是B选项。12. 单选题Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and 1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming “demographic cliff” will see vast numbers of skilled workers dispatched from the labor force. The workforce is ageing across the rich world. Within the EU the number of workers aged between 50 and 64 will increase by 25% over the next two decades, while those aged 20-29 will decrease by 20%. In Japan almost 20% of the population is already over 65, the highest share in the world. And in the United States the number of workers aged 55-64 will have increased by more than half in this decade, at the same time as the 35-to-44-year-olds decline by 10%.Given that most societies are geared to retirement at around 65，companies have a looming problem of knowledge management, of making sure that the boomers do not leave before they have handed over their expertise along with the office keys and their e-mail address. A survey of human-resources directors by IBM last year concluded: “When the baby-boomer generation retires, many companies will find out too late that a careers worth of experience has walked out the door, leaving insufficient talent to fill in the void.”Some also face a shortage of expertise. In aerospace and defense, for example, as much as 40% of the workforce in some companies will be eligible to retire within the next five years. At the same time, the number of engineering graduates in developed countries is in steep decline.A few companies are so squeezed that they are already taking exceptional measures. Earlier this year the Los Angeles Times interviewed an enterprising Australian who was staying in Beverly Hills while he tried to persuade locals to emigrate to Toowoomba, Queensland, to work for his engineering company there. Toowoomba today; the rest of the developed world tomorrow?If you look hard enough, you can find companies that have begun to adapt the workplace to older workers. The AARP, an American association for the over-50s, produces an annual list of the best employers of its members. Health-care firms invariably come near the top because they are one of the industries most in need of skilled labor. Other sectors similarly affected, says the Conference Board, include oil, gas, energy and government.Near the top of the AARP s latest list comes Deere & Company, a no-nonsense industrial-equipment manufacturer based in Illinois; about 35% of Deere s 46,000 employees are over 50 and a number of them are in their 70s. The tools it uses to achieve that flexible working, telecommuting, and so forth also coincidentally help older workers to extend their working lives. The company spends “a lot of time” on the ergonomics of its factories, making jobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer.Likewise, for more than a decade, Toyota, arguably the worlds most advanced manufacturer, has adapted its workstations to older workers. The shortage of skilled labor available to the automotive industry has made it unusually keen to recruit older workers. BMW recently set up a factory in Leipzig that expressly set out to employ people over the age of 45.Needs must when the devil drives. Other firms are polishing their alumni networks. IBM uses its network to recruit retired people for particular projects. Ernst & Young, a professional-services firm, has about 30,000 registered alumni, and about 25% of its “experienced” new recruits are former employees who return after an absence.But such examples are unusual. A survey in America last month by Ernst & Young found that “although corporate America foresees a significant workforce shortage as boomers retire, it is not dealing with the issue.” Almost three-quarters of the 1,400 global companies questioned by Deloitte last year said they expected a shortage of salaried staff over the next three to five years. Yet few of them are looking to older workers to fill that shortage; and even fewer are looking to them to fill another gap that has already appeared. Many firms in Europe and America complain that they struggle to find qualified directors for their boards when the pool of retired talent from those very same firms is growing by leaps and bounds.Why are firms not working harder to keep old employees? Part of the reason is that the crunch has been beyond the horizon of most managers. Nor is hanging on to older workers the only way to cope with a falling supply of labor. The participation of developing countries in the world economy has increased the overall supplywhatever the local effect of demographics in the rich countries. A vast amount of work is being sent offshore to such places as China and India and more will go in future. Some countries, such as Australia, are relaxing their immigration policies to allow much needed skills to come in from abroad. Others will avoid the need for workers by spending money on machinery and automation.1. According to the passage, the most serious consequence of baby-boomers approaching retirement would be（ ）.2. The following are all the measures that companies have adopted to cope with the ageing workforce EXCEPT（ ）.3. “The company spends a lot of time on the ergonomics of its factories” means that（ ）.4. In the authors opinion,American firms are not doing anything to deal with the issue of the ageing workforce mainly because（ ）.5. Which of the following best describes the authors development of argument?问题1选项A.a loss of knowledge and experience to many companiesB.a decrease in the number of 35-to-44-year-oldsC.a continuous increase in the number of 50-to-64-year-oldsD.its impact on the developed world whose workforce is ageing问题2选项A.making places of work accommodate the needs of older workersB.using alumni networks to hire retired former employeesC.encouraging former employees to work overseasD.granting more convenience in working hours to older workers问题3选项A.the company attaches great importance to the layout of its factoriesB.the company improves the working conditions in its factoriesC.the company attempts to reduce production costs of its factoriesD.the company intends to renovate its factories and update equipment问题4选项A.they have not been aware of the problemB.they are reluctant to hire older workersC.they are not sure of what they should doD.they have other options to consider问题5选项A.introducing the issueciting ways to deal with the issuedescribing the actual statusoffering reasons.B.describing the actual statusintroducing the issueciting ways to deal with the issueoffering reasons.C.citing ways to deal with the issueintroducing the issuedescribing the actual statusoffering reasons.D.describing the actual statusoffering reasons-introducing the issueciting ways to deal with the issue.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：根据文章，婴儿潮一代（指出生于生育高峰期的人，生育高峰儿），即将退休的最严重后果将是_。根据题干定位到第一段第一句话Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and 1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming “demographic cliff” will see vast numbers of skilled workers dispatched from the labor force. The workforce is ageing across the rich world.（上个月，婴儿潮一代迎来了60岁生日。1946年至1964年出生的庞大一代正走向退休。即将出现的“人口悬崖”将导致大量熟练工人从劳动力市场流失。发达国家的劳动力都在老龄化。），所以D选项“它对劳动力老龄化的发达国家的影响”，符合题意。A选项“对许多公司来说是知识和经验的损失”，在文中并未提及，故排除。B选项“35-44岁人数的减少”，C选项“50-64岁人数的持续增长”，都是工人年龄未来的趋势而不是后果，所以不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。2.推理判断题。题干：以下是各公司为应付劳动力老化而采取的所有措施，除了_。根据文章第六段第二句话The tools it uses to achieve that flexible working, telecommuting, and so forth also coincidentally help older workers to extend their working lives. （用来实现这一目标的工具灵活工作、远程办公等等也巧合地帮助了年长的员工延长了他们的工作寿命。），可知A选项“使工作场所适应年长工人的需要”和D选项“给年长的工人在工作时间上提供更多的便利”，是公司采取的措施，故排除A，D选项。根据文章第八段第二句话Other firms are polishing their alumni networks. （其他公司也在完善他们的校友网络），可知B选项“利用校友网络来雇佣退休的前雇员”，也是公司采取的措施之一。只有C选项“鼓励前雇员到海外工作”，在文中没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。3.推理判断题。题干：“公司在工厂的人体工程学上花费了大量时间”，意味着_。根据题干定位到文章第六段最后一句话The company spends “a lot of time” on the ergonomics of its factories, making jobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer.（该公司在工厂的人体工程学上花费了“大量时间”，使那里的工作不那么累人，从而使年老的工人在那里呆的时间更长。），A选项“公司非常重视工厂的布局”，B选项“公司改善了工厂的工作条件”，C选项“公司试图降低工厂的生产成本”，D选项“公司打算更新工厂和设备”，以上选项只有B选项才能是在人体工程学的基础上使工作不那么累人。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。4.事实细节题。题干：在作者看来，美国公司没有采取任何措施来解决劳动力老龄化问题，主要是因为_。根据题干定位到文章最后一段第一句话Why are firms not working harder to keep old employees? Part of the reason is that the crunch has been beyond the horizon of most managers. Nor is hanging on to older workers the only way to cope with a falling supply of labor. （为什么公司不努力留住老员工？部分原因是，问题已经超出了大多数管理者的能力范围。抓住老员工不放也不是应对劳动力供应下降的唯一办法。），所以D选项“他们会考虑其他选择”符合题意。A选项“他们还没有意识到这个问题”，B选项“他们不愿意雇佣年长的工人”和C选项“他们不确定他们应该做什么”，在文中均没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。5.推理判断题。题干：下面哪一个最好地描述了作者的论证过程？文章第一段第一句话就引出话题，描述现状Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60.（上个月，婴儿潮一代迎来了60岁生日）。接下来第一、二、三段具体展开了带来的问题。第四、五、六、七、八段都在说明公司采取的一些措施，第九，十段则是在说明公司对劳动力老龄化问题不采取措施的原因，所以只有B选项符合文章的论述过程。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。13. 单选题Public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of falling in the most public of ways.While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine.