考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学模拟考试题含答案45

考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The（ ）of jet travel has made the world seem smaller.问题1选项A.remarkB.relationshipC.removalD.innovation【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。remark评论；relationship关系；removal去掉；innovation发明。句意：喷气式飞机旅行的发明似乎使世界变小了。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题Not all persons arrested and（ ）with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law.问题1选项A.sentencedB.accusedC.persecutedD.charged【答案】D【解析】sentenced判决，审判；accused指控，控告；persecuted迫害； charged指控，控告。句意：并非所有被逮捕和被指控犯罪的人都是有罪的，刑事法院的主要职能是根据法律确定谁是有罪的。 accused和 charged都有指控的意思，但是accused不能与介词with搭配，而应与of搭配，所以选项D正确。3. 单选题We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be（ ）and go another day.问题1选项A.probableB.reliableC.flexibleD.feasible【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。probable可信的；reliable可靠的；flexible灵活的；feasible可行的。句意：我们已经安排好星期五去看电影，但我们可以灵活调整，改天去也行。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world , has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its（1）of more cars, more highways , more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has（2）to the near-destruction of our cities, and the pollution not only of（3）air , but also of the earth satmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the（4）of the energy crisis.Our present（5）is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources（6） and energy use have brought us to a state（7）long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which（8） the future of our country, our children, and our earth,（9）a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of（10） . There is a strong demand for moral revival and（11）some devotion that is vast enough and yet（12）enough to enlist the devolution of all. In the past it has been only in a war in（13）of their own country（14）any people have been able to（15）themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in（16）with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who（17）with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a（18）need to reassess our present course, and to（19）new methods through which the world can survive. This is priceless（20）.问题1选项A.manufactureB.increaseC.presenceD.expansion问题2选项A.attributedB.contributedC.amountedD.brought问题3选项A.urbanB.ruralC.localD.downtown问题4选项A.formB.caseC.eventD.course问题5选项A.surroundingB.environmentC.circumstanceD.situation问题6选项A.exploitationB.explorationC.explosionD.exposition问题7选项A.thatB.whyC.whenD.where问题8选项A.influencesB.endangersC.restrainsD.transforms问题9选项A.butB.yetC.orD.and问题10选项A.responsibilityB.conscienceC.moralityD.dedication问题11选项A.ofB.byC.withD.for问题12选项A.personalB.collectiveC.compulsoryD.unanimous问题13选项A.protectionB.defenseC.rescueD.maintenance问题14选项A.whenB.whyC.thatD.what问题15选项A.engageB.donateC.sacrificeD.devote问题16选项A.comparisonB.accordanceC.cooperationD.connection问题17选项A.regulateB.exhaustC.dominateD.share问题18选项A.mutualB.commonC.universalD.general问题19选项A.deviseB.alterC.initiateD.modify问题20选项A.challengeB.opportunityC.attemptD.notion【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:A第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:A第20题:B【解析】（1）根据原文：汽车运输的过度发展，伴随着更多的汽车，更多的高速公路，更多的污染，更多的郊区，更多的通勤，已经导致了我们城市几乎毁灭。选项B符合句意。（2）contributed to导致；attributed to归因于；amounted总计。句意：所有的这些因素导致了城市的近乎毁灭。选项B符合句意。（3）根据原文：不仅污染了当地的空气，而且污染了地球的大气层。选项C包括了其他三个选项，所以更符合原文。（4）in the form of以的形式。这里指这场灾难以能源危机的形式出现。（5）surrounding环境，周围的食物；environment多指自然环境；circumstance境遇；situation情形，情况。句意：我们现在的情况不同于战争、革命或萧条。选项D更符合原文。（6）exploitation开发，开采；exploration探测；explosion爆炸，爆发；exposition展览会。根据原文，这里应该指对资源的开采，选项A正确。（7）先行词是state，where在这里引导主语从句，修饰state。（8）influences影响；endangers 危及；restrains限制；transforms变换，变形。根据原文，这里指由于资源和能源的过度使用，这种状态已经危及到了国家、儿童以及地球的未来，所以选项B正确。（9）根据原文：我们需要的不是继续我们目前严重的状态，而是朝着一种新的规范前进，以便迅速和有效地解决问题。根据上下文可知，这里为转折的关系。选项A符合句意。（10）responsibility责任，义务；conscience良心，道德心；morality道德，美德；dedication奉献。根据原文，这个国家在道德丧失的持续暴露下一直在倒退。选项C符合原文。（11）根据句意可知，and连接并列句，前面是demand for，后面也应该填介词for。（12）personal个人的，亲自的；collective集体的，共同的；compulsory必修的，强制的；unanimous全体一致的。（13）in defense of country保卫国家，为固定搭配。（14）这里为强调句，所以用that引导，不充当任何成分。（15）根据原文：在过去，只有在保卫自己的国家的战争中，任何人都能全心全意地献身于自己的国家。选项D符合原文。（16）comparison比较；accordance一致，和谐；connection连接，关系；in cooperation with与合作。句意：这是我们第一次被要求与地球上所有其他居民合作，保卫我们自己和我们珍视的东西。选项C符合句意。（17）share with sb. 与共享，共同拥有。句意：这些居民与我们共享着同样濒危的空气和同样濒危的海洋。只有选项D能与介词with搭配。（18）mutual彼此的，相互的；universal普遍的；general一般的。这里指共同的需要。（19）devise设计，想出；alter改变；initiate发起，创始；modify修改。想出新的方法。选项A符合原文。（20）challenge 挑战；opportunity 机会，时机；attempt 企图，尝试；notion概念。这是一个无价的机会。选项B符合原文。5. 单选题The company is on the verge of bankruptcy, and thousands of jobs are at（ ）.问题1选项A.dangerB.lossC.threatD.stake【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。at loss困惑不解；at stake凶吉难卜；选项A和C通常不和at搭配。句意：这家公司濒临破产，成千上万的工作岗位岌岌可危。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题Shes got so（ ）to light music that it has become a constant companion of her life.问题1选项A.use to listenB.used to listenC.used in listeningD.used to listening【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。get used to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为习惯于做某事。所以本题选D。7. 翻译题世界人口突破70亿，地球资源日益减少，人们忧心忡忡。中国宣称从1979年计划生育政策实施以来，中国已有效控制了出生率。如果没有计划生育，中国这个人口最多的国家就会多出几千万的人口。事实上，没有一个国家像中国这样大力度地、大规模地执行这项政策。据第六次人口普查报告，中国现在有13.7亿人口。不过，西方社会学家和经济学家一直警告说，再过三十年，中国将成为世界上唯一的在没有进入发达社会之前就面临老龄社会的发展中国家。和欧洲相比，中国面临老龄化危机的进程更快。五年后，中国60岁以上的人口将从现在1.78亿增长到2.21亿。到2050年，中国四分之一的人口将超过65岁。60岁以上的人口有半数是独居老人，这一点是以前不曾想象的，要知道，以前中国人可是四代同堂。现在一个孩子要负担父母两人和祖辈四人，这个倒金字塔对每个人来说都是挑战。越来越多的人移居到城市工作，大城市面临更大的压力，而中小型城市不能给人们提供足够的就业机会。出生于1962年到1972年这十年间的中国人退休后，这种压力会更大。这十年间平均每年有3000万婴儿出生，现在每年却只有600万到700万婴儿出生。国家人口和计划生育委员会没有放开长期的计划生育政策，因为人口过多仍然是中国社会和经济发展面临的主要挑战之一。【答案】With the worlds population breaking through 7 billion and the shrinking of resources on the earth, people are worried about it. China claims that the birthrate has been effectively controlled since the family planning policy was implemented in 1979.If there is no family planning, Chinese, the most populous country, will have additional tens of millions of the population. Actually, there is no county carrying out such policy like China. According to the 6th censes report, China has a population of 1.37 billion. Nevertheless, western sociologists and economists have warned that, after thirty years, China would be the only one developing country facing an aging society before developed.Comparing with Europe, China faces with a faster process of the aging crisis. Five year later, the population elder than 60 would increase to 0.221 billion from 0.178 billion. A quarter people will be older than 65 in 2050. Half of the people over 60 are single, which is unimagined before because Chinese is always four generation in the hall. Now the Inverted Pyramid that a child needs to take the burden of parents and grandparents is a challenge for everyone. As an increasing number of people are moving into the city for jobs, big cities are facing greater pressure. On the other hand, companies are offering inadequate positions to meet these job seekers, needs in middle-small sized cities.After the entry of the decade from 1962 to 1972, the stress will be harder. Over the decade, 30 million infants were born every year on average, whereas in recent years this data have decreased to 6-7 million. Since overpopulation is still one of the main challenges for the development of Chinas society and economy, the National Population and Family Planning Commission has not loosen the long-term family planning policy.8. 单选题The objective of this popular consultation is to determine（ ）, the final political status of the region, whether to remain of the country as a special district, or to part from it.问题1选项A.once upon a timeB.once and againC.all at onceD.once and for all【答案】D【解析】once upon a time从前；once and again一而再，再三；all at once突然；once and for all彻底的，最后一次。句意：这次群众协商的目的是一劳永逸地确定该区域的最终政治地位，是继续作为一个特别地区保留该国，还是脱离它。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题At all ages and at all stages of life, fear presents a problem to almost everyone. We are largely the playthings of our fears, wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. To one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public ridicule; to a fourth, of poverty; to a fifth, of loneliness for all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place.Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline （肾上腺素）are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight. Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problem.Phils dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations because the car might break down. Growing up in such a home, Phil naturally learned to become fearful and tense.1.In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, our particular creature refers to （ ） .2.Fear can be a useful emotion to us because it can （ ） .3.Fear becomes a problem only when （ ） .4.Different responses of newborn infants to a loudly slammed door imply that（ ） .5.Psychologists have found that our later fears are determined largely by our（ ） .问题1选项A.fear of somethingB.a fierce beastC.physical painD.public ridicule.问题2选项A.stimulate many physical changes within our bodyB.quicken our heartbeat and responsesC.pour large quantities of adrenaline into our bloodstreamD.help us respond quickly to danger and protect ourselves.问题3选项A.the danger is thought greater than it really is.B.the danger is more psychological than physicalC.one cannot stand the dangerD.one is not well prepared for it问题4选项A.some people are inherently more easily affected by danger.B.peoples response to stimuli is not an inherited featureC.some people seem to be very sensitive to noise.D.people sometimes seem to turn a deaf ear to noise.问题5选项A.home educationB.school educationC.parents lifestyleD.early experiences【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.根据上文提到的，恐惧对每个人来说几乎都是一个问题，每个人害怕的事物不一样，所以这里提到的我们这些特殊的生物是指对某种事物感到害怕。选项A正确，选项B，C，D都是指某一类人害怕的东西，不能以偏概全，所以错误。2.根据第二段的内容可知，恐惧是一种有用的情感是因为它能帮助我们面对危险时快速做出反应并自我保护。选项D符合原文。其他选项都只涉及生理反应而忽略了心理反应，太片面。3.根据第二段的最后一句“It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.”只有当恐惧与眼前的危险不成比例时，它才会成为一个问题。也就是说，当危险被认为比实际上更大时，恐惧就会成为一个问题。选项A正确。4.根据第三段第一句“Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. ”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到恐惧的影响。以及第三段的最后一句“From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.”从出生开始，他或她更容易学习恐惧的反应，因为他或她遗传了一种更敏感的倾向。选项A符合原文。5.根据第四段的第一句“psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. ”可知选项D正确。10. 单选题The purpose of the official inquiry is to（ ）the true facts leading to the loss of the ship at sea.问题1选项A.come atB.come forC.come intoD.come over【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。come at达到，得到；come for向冲来；come into进入；come over过来。句意：官方调查的目的是查明导致船舶在海上失踪的真实情况。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题Any country has good reason to want its citizens to be as healthy as possible, since one of its greatest resources is an active population. No country wants its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health.This was the kind of thinking which led to the introduction of a health service in many countries. In Britain this has developed into a “Welfare State” in which all citizens, rich and poor alike can get most health treatment free. The money for this is partially raised by contributions from employers andemployees.As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are much greater than was estimated. This means that the people who work for the HealthService-doctors, nurses and other hospital staff have much more routine work to do and as a result they have little time for preventive medicine. The Health Service does need more staff a need that can only be met if more money is made available to it.However, a powerful argument for the Health Service is that many people are able to receive expensive treatment which they could never afford themselves. Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they dont really need to. Because they have so many patients,doctors cannot spend as long with each one as they would like, and some people prefer to pay for private treatment so that their doctors can give them more time. In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others.1.In the authors view, Britain is a Welfare State in that（ ）.2.We can infer from the passage that（ ）.3.The best title for the passage would be（ ）.4.The author mentions that some wealthy people prefer to pay for private treatment because （ ）.5.The word “abused” (Para. 4) means（ ）.问题1选项A.all citizens are entitled to a free medical treatment in some senseB.poor, unlike the rich, could enjoy free medical treatmentC.health service is highly developed in BritainD.Britain doesnt allow its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health问题2选项A.the Health Service is introduced to many other countries by BritainB.the Health Service has been introduced and developed for 30 years in BritainC.an active population is the greatest resource in BritainD.all citizens in Britain have a good opinion of the Health Service问题3选项A.A Welfare StateB.Importance of the Health ServiceC.Disadvantages of the Health ServiceD.The Health Service问题4选项A.their doctors can give them more time leave from workB.those doctors have better medical instrumentsC.they might save some money for the poorD.their doctors have a stronger sense of responsibility for the patients问题5选项A.destroyedB.used in wrong wayC.ignoredD.wasted【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“Welfare State”定位到第二段第二句“In Britain this has developed into a Welfare State in which all citizens, rich and poor alike can get most health treatment free.”所有公民，无论贫富，都可以免费获得大部分医疗服务。选项A符合原文。2.细节推断题。选项A和选项C在文中没有提及；根据第三段的第一句“As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service. ”three decades意为30年；公众支持和反对卫生服务都有，并不都是好的评价；所以选项B符合原文，而选项D错误。3.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲医疗服务的发展，其有利条件和不利条件，所以选项D更能概括全文，其他选项只是文中的片段。4.细节推理题。根据关键词“wealthy people”定位到最后一段的最后一句“In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others.”事实上，一些富人觉得他们应该付钱，这样就可以把多余的钱让给其他人治疗。选项C符合原文。5.词汇推断题。根据第四段的第二句“Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they dont really need to.”有时这种免费治疗被滥用，有些人在不需要的时候也去看医生。由此可知他们是用了错误的方法，选项B符合原文。12. 单选题With its stock price rising by 20 percent, the company becomes the second most ( ) technology firm in the county.问题1选项A.valuableB.worthwhileC.pricelessD.precious【答案】A【解析】valuable有价值的；worthwhile值得的；priceless无价的；precious珍贵的。句意：随着股价上涨20%，该公司成为全县第二大最有价值的科技公司。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题Since the situation is changing, lets take some（ ）measures to deal with it.问题1选项A.availableB.changeableC.considerableD.flexible【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。available可获得的；changeable多变的；considerable相当大的，重要的；flexible灵活的。句意：既然情况在变化，让我们采取一些灵活的措施来处理它。选项B和D在句意上似乎都可以，但这里修饰的名词是measures，所以选项D更恰当一些。14. 单选题A growing number of companies are now trying to serve “segments of one.” They attempt to ( ) their offer and communication to each individual customer. This is understandable with large industrial companies that have only a few major customers.问题1选项A.adoptB.adaptC.incorporateD.exclude【答案】B【解析】adopt采取，接受；adapt使适应；incorporate包含，吸收，合并；exclude排除。句意：越来越多的公司正试图服务于“一个部分”。他们试图让客户适应他们所提供的服务并和每一个个体客户进行沟通。对于只有少数主要客户的大型公司来说，这是可以理解的。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题Today, cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About 43 percent of the adult men and 31 percent of the adult women in the US smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit. 75 percent of the male population and 46 percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives, but 26 percent of these men and 11 percent of the women have stopped smoking. The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.It is a fact that men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group 24-44.Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a persons smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenaged smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farm areas. High school students who are preparing for college are less likely to sm