2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考前模拟强化练习题76（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题 Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform. The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from the Latin Autcio, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called “sub hasta”, meaning “under the spear”, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle”; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning. Practically all goods can be sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, fruit, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and works of art. The auction rooms at Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by the buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with lot one and continue the numerical order; he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding.1. Auctioned goods are sold（ ）.2. The end of bidding is called “knocking down” because （ ）.3. In the sentence “The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war,” the word “spoils” most probably means（ ） .4. In England a candle used to burn at auction sales （ ）.5. An auction catalogue gives buyers （ ）.问题1选项A.at fixed pricesB.at prices lower than their true valueC.for the highest price offeredD.at prices offered by the auctioneer问题2选项A.the auctioneer knocks on the tableB.the goods are knocked down onto the tableC.the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammerD.the auctioneer names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods问题3选项A.useless goodsB.spearsC.various kinds of foodD.property taken from the enemy问题4选项A.to limit the time when offers of prices could be madeB.because the auction sales took place at nightC.as a signal for the crowd to gatherD.to keep the auction room warm问题5选项A.the current market values of the goodsB.the order in which goods are to be soldC.free admission to the auction saleD.details of the goods to be sold【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. 他鼓励买家出更高的价格，并最终将出价最高者称作商品的买主。”由此可知答案选C。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“This is called knocking down the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform. 这被称为击倒货物，当拍卖人在一个凸起的台子上敲击小锤子时，竞拍就结束了。”由此可知答案选C。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】语义推测题。定位到文章第二段“The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub hasta, meaning under the spear, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. 罗马人通常以这种方式出售战争中的战利品；这些销售被称为sub hasta，意思是在长矛下，一根长矛被卡在地上，作为一种信号，让人群聚集起来。”由此可知答案选D。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold by the candle; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning. 在18世纪和19世纪的英国，商品经常被以烧蜡烛定时限出售；拍卖师点燃了一支短蜡烛，在燃烧的时候可以进行投标。”由此可知答案选A。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a lot, is usually given a number. 如果广告不能提供完整的细节，商品目录就会被打印出来，并且每一组被称为“批次”的商品，通常会被给出一个数字。”由此可推知，目录提供了货物的详情，故答案选D。2. 单选题When Sarah and I （ ） on an article for the school newspaper, we found it difficult to work together.问题1选项A.compiledB.gatheredC.collaboratedD.collected【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项compile“编辑”；B选项gather“聚集、收集”；C选项collaborate“合作、协作”；D选项collect“收集、收藏”，从句中关键词“work together一起工作”可联系到collaborate“合作、协作”，句意为：当莎拉和我为校报合作写一篇文章时，我们发现一起工作是很困难的。故正确答案选C。3. 单选题An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget （ ）.问题1选项A.dispositionB.defectC.discrepancyD.deficit【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disposition“处置，性情”；B选项defect“缺点，劣势”；C选项discrepancy“不符，矛盾”；D选项deficit“赤字”。根据动词“cut削减，砍掉”和“budget预算”，可知空格部分单词意思为“赤字，不足额”，句意为：能源税能抑制普通的空气污染，限制石油进口和削减预算赤字。故正确答案选D。4. 翻译题 Marketing should begin with potential customer needs, not with the production process. Marketing should try to anticipate needs. Then marketing, rather than production, should determine what goods and services are to be developed, including decisions about product design and packaging; prices or fees; credit and collection policies; use of middlemen; transporting and storing policies; and after the sale, installation, warranty, and perhaps even disposal policies. This does not mean that marketing should try to take over production, accounting, and financial activities. Rather, it means that marketing, by interpreting customers needs, should provide direction for these activities and try to coordinate them.【答案】 市场营销应该以客户的潜在需求为出发点，而不是从生产的过程开始。市场营销应该尝试着预测市场需求。应该由市场营销而不是生产来决定要开发什么样的产品和服务，包括产品设计和包装的决策；价格或费用；信贷及收款政策；使用中间商；运输和存储策略；在出售，安装，保修，甚至可能是处理政策之后。然而这并不意味着市场营销应该试图接管生产、会计和财务活动。相反，这意味着，通过理解客户的需求，营销应该为这些活动提供指导并努力协调它们。5. 单选题Mr. Taylor felt very （ ）at the suggestion that he had stolen the car.问题1选项A.impatientB.indigenousC.intolerantD.indignant【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项impatient“不耐烦的”；B选项indigenous“本土的”；C选项intolerant“狭隘的”；D选项indignant“愤怒的”；根据题干“有人说泰勒先生偷了那辆车”，可知泰勒先生会觉得indignant“愤怒的”。故正确答案选D。6. 单选题Special software has been used to enable passengers to call a taxi at a low price, payment（ ）by direct debit of their credit cards.问题1选项A.makingB.is madeC.being madeD.to be made【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。根据句子结构，payment by direct debit of their credit cards是独立主格表伴随，由于payment和后面动词make是被动关系，故现在分词被动式being made最合适，句意为：专业的软件被用来让乘客能低价叫出租车，费用直接从他们的信用卡中扣除。答案选C。7. 单选题The boy was so（ ） in the game that he didnt notice her mother standing behind him.问题1选项A.attractedB.suffocatedC.immersedD.submerged【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项attracted“被吸引的”；B选项suffocated“感到压制；感到束缚”；C选项immersed“专心于，沉浸在”；D选项submerged“浸没在水下的”。填入形容词做表语，由so.that.句型中that引导的结果状语从句的信息可知immersed (in)“专心于，沉浸在”符合题意，句意为：这个男孩专心看比赛，没有注意到她的母亲站在他身后。故答案选C。8. 单选题He always （ ）what he thinks right, no matter the cost to himself.问题1选项A.stands forB.stands outC.stands byD.stands up for【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】动词短语辨析题。本题考查的是动词stand后面不同的副词，表示不同的意思。A选项stand for“代表、支持”；B选项stand out“突出、站起来”；C选项stands by“支持、袖手旁观”；D选项stands up for“支持、坚持；拥护”，空格后面是一个从句，意思是“他认为正确的事情”，所以这里空格部分单词意思应该是“坚持”，句意为：他总是坚持他认为对的，不管他为此付出多少代价。故选项D为正确答案。9. 单选题We saw the canoe （ ）, throwing its passengers into the water.问题1选项A.prostrateB.overturnC.simulateD.brag【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prostrate“将弄倒”；B选项overturn“推翻，倾覆”；C选项simulate“模仿，假装”；D选项brag“吹牛，吹嘘”。根据前面的关键词“canoe独木舟”，可知“overturn颠覆，倾翻”最符合题意，句意为：我们看见独木舟翻了，把船上的乘客都掀进水里。故选项B意思与之接近。10. 单选题Hydrogen is one of the most important elements in the universe （ ）it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.问题1选项A.so thatB.but thatC.provided thatD.in that【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里的空格考查前后两个句子之间的关系。根据后面句子的意思“it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced 它提供了其他元素赖以产生的建构框架”，可知它表示的是前面句子的原因。这里选项D“in that 因为”适合前后句子语境意思，句意为：氢是宇宙中最重要的元素之一，因为它提供了其他元素赖以产生的建构框架。D为正确答案。11. 单选题Johnson invited his old sister Sue to Los Angeles, but her physical report（ ）, she declined the invitation.问题1选项A.did not come outB.has not come outC.does not come outD.having not come out【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。句中her physical report不是句子结构，只有having not come out做伴随状语符合题意，句意为：约翰逊邀请他的姐姐苏去洛杉矶，但她的身体报告还没出来，她拒绝了邀请。故答案选D。其他三项都是句子结构。12. 单选题（ ）there is little we can do to modify the weather, we can at least know what kind of weather to expect.问题1选项A.SinceB.WhenC.WhileD.Unless【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这句话空格同样考查状语从句中关系副词的用法和含义。从句的意思是“我们在改变天气方面无能为力”，和后句“我们至少知道天气未来的变化”存在转折关系，分析四个选项，选项A表示原因关系，选项D表示让步条件关系，选项B可以表示时间条件关系，而while除了表示时间条件关系还可以表示转折。句意为：尽管我们在改变天气方面无能为力，但我们至少知道天气未来的变化。故正确答案选C。13. 单选题 During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation. From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.1. Todays double-income families are at greater financial risk in that （ ）.2. As a result of President Bushs reform, retired people may have （ ）.3. According to the author, health-savings plans will （ ）.4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that （ ）.5. Which of the following is the best title for this text?问题1选项A.the safety net they used to enjoy has disappearedB.their chances of being laid off have greatly increasedC.they are more vulnerable to changes in family economicsD.they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance问题2选项A.a higher sense of securityB.less secured paymentsC.less chance to investD.a guaranteed future问题3选项A.help reduce the cost of healthcareB.popularize among the middle classC.compensate for the reduced pensionsD.increase the families investment risk问题4选项A.financial risks tend to outweigh political risksB.the middle class may face greater political challengesC.financial problems may bring about political problemsD.financial responsibility is an indicator of political status问题5选项A.The Middle Class on the AlertB.The Middle Class on the CliffC.The Middle Class in ConflictD.The Middle Class in Ruins【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. 现在，一份解雇通知书、一个糟糕的诊断，或者配偶的消失，都可能在几个月内把一个稳定的中产阶级家庭变成一个新的贫困家庭。”由此可知C选项“他们更容易受家庭经济情况变化的影响”正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. 在过去一年的大部分时间里，布什总统致力于将社会保障转变为储蓄账户模式，即退休人员将他们的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根据投资回报进行交易。”由此可知B选项“不安全的薪酬”正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare. 医疗保健的绝对成本和家庭承担的份额都上升了，而且新流行的医疗储蓄计划正从立法机构蔓延到沃尔玛员工，免赔额大大提高，家庭未来医疗保健的投资风险也增加了。”由此可知D选项“增加家庭的投资风险”正确。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. 金融方面的影响已经开始，政治方面的影响可能也不远了。”由此可知C选项“经济问题可能会带来政治问题”正确。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。文章讲述美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变，面临着一系列危机，由此可判断B项“中产阶级在悬崖上”符合题意。14. 翻译题 During less economically sophisticated times in the past, nations tended to raise protective barriers during periods of economic downturn to preserve domestic employment and thus domestic economies. In todays global economy, it is not so easy to say that protectionism necessarily preserves a nations economy when the firms operating in that economy are intertwined with operations and markets in many other nations. Remember that the goals in designing any system are optimizing the output of the system, rather than optimizing any subcomponent of that system. In fact, experience has shown that a focus on optimizing any single aspect of a global manufacturing enterprise usually leads to a sub-optimal system performance.【答案】 在过去经济不太发达的时期，各国往往会在经济低迷时期建立保护性壁垒，来保护国内的就业，进而保护国内经济。在如今的经济全球化中，当这种经济环境下运作的公司与其他国家的公司和市场交织在一起，很难说保护主义一定能够保护这个国家的经济。记住，设计任何系统的目标都是为了优化系统的输出，而不是优化系统内部的组件。事实上，经验表明，专注于优化全球制造企业的任何一个方面通常会导致系统性能的次优。15. 单选题Only 5 minutes after it took off, the aircraft down to （ ）earth for the damaged engine.问题1选项A.fluctuatedB.vibratedC.plummetedD.mutated【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fluctuate“波动，动摇”；B选项vibrate“振动；颤动；摇摆”；C选项plummet“坠落，掉下”；D选项mutate“突变”。填入动词过去式做谓语，其主语是the aircraft，由关键信息the damaged engine“损坏的发动机”可知plummet“坠落，掉下”符合题意，句意为：因为发动机损坏，飞机起飞后5分钟就降落到地面上。故答案选 C。16. 翻译题 Winners have different potentials. Achievement is not the most important thing. Authenticity is. The authentic person experiences the reality of himself by knowing himself, being himself, and becoming himself. He actualized his own unprecedented uniqueness, and appreciates the uniqueness of others. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He can separate facts from opinion and doesnt pretend to have all the answers. He listens to others, evaluates what they say, but comes to his own conclusions. While he can admire and respect other people, he is not totally defined, demolished, bound or awed by them.【答案】 成功者的潜质各不相同，成就并不是最重要的，活得真实才是。一个真实的人通过了解自我，坚持自我，使自己成为值得信赖、乐于回应的人来体验真实的自我。它实现前所未有的独特的自我，同时也尊重他人的独特之处。 成功者不惧怕独立思考，也不惧怕独立运用知识，他能够区分哪些是事实，哪些是观点，同时并不宣称洞察一切。他倾听他人的意见，琢磨他人的话语，但是自行做出结论，他可以钦羡、尊重别人，可是他绝不为他人所局限，所束缚，不会对他们敬若神灵。17. 单选题They are （ ）investors who always make thorough investigations both on local and international markets before making an investment.问题1选项A.implicitB.consciousC.cautiousD.indecisive【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项implicit“暗示的，含蓄的”；B选项conscious“有意识的，清醒的，故意的”；C选项cautious“谨慎的”；D选项indecisive“犹豫不决的”。空格部分是需要一个修饰investors的形容词。后面由who引导定语从句修饰investor，根据句意“who always make thorough investigations both on local and international markets 总要对当地和国际市场进行彻底调查”，判断可知空格部分单词意思应该为“谨慎的”，句意为：他们是谨慎的投资者，在做出每笔投资前，总要对当地和国际市场进行彻底调查。故正确答案选C。18. 单选题He came all the way to China for promoting friendship （ ）for making money.问题1选项A.other thanB.better thanC.more thanD.rather than【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词组搭配。A选项other than“除了，不同于”；B选项better than“比更好”；C选项more than“比多”；D选项rather than“而不是，宁可”。空格部分要填入一个短语连接前后短语形成对比，前面的意思是“for promoting friendship为了增进友谊”和后面“for making money为了赚钱”表示不同的目的，句意为：他一路跋涉来到中国是为了友谊而不是赚钱。故这里选项D符合题意。19. 单选题（ ） is CORRECT in grammar.问题1选项A.Britain does not agree and neither do Denmark, Portugal and IrelandB.Britain does not agree and either do Denmark. Portugal and IrelandC.Britain does not agree. So do Denmark. Portugal and IrelandD.Britain does not agree. Neither Denmark, Portugal and Ireland do.【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。CORRECT in grammar“语法上正确的”是 Britain does not agree and neither do Denmark, Portugal and Ireland，句意为：英国不同意，丹麦，葡萄牙和爱尔兰也不同意。故答案选 A。20. 单选题There were answers to the nature of the universe beyond mankinds （ ）reach.问题1选项A.intelligentB.intellectualC.intelligibleD.intangible【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项intelligent“智能的，聪明的，理解力强的”；B选项intellectual“智力的，聪明的，理智的”；C选项intelligible“可理解的，明了的”；D选项intangible“无形的，触摸不到的”，根据空格后面的单词“reach伸手可及的距离”，固定搭配beyond sbs reach意思是“超出某人能触及到的范围”，句意为：这些关于宇宙性质的回答超过人类的理解能力。比较四个选项，B比较符合句子语境意思。