2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试题库及模拟押密卷59（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The board of Directors decided that more young men who were qualified would be（ ）important positions.问题1选项A.inserted intoB.furnished withC.installed inD.attributed to【答案】C【解析】考查短语搭配。insert into “插入，写入”； furnished with “提供”； installed in “把安装于”；attribute to “归因于”。根据young man 与 important positions可知是将“合格的年轻人放到重要的位置”，选项C符合题意。2. 单选题During the famine of 1943, millions of Chinese peasants（ ）to the cities because they could not survive in the rural areas.问题1选项A.emigratedB.estimatedC.migratedD.immigrated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。emigrate “移民，移居”；estimate “估计，估价”；migrate “移动；移居；随季节而移居”；immigrate “移入”。根据原因状语“因为他们无法在农村存活”可知他们选择移居城市。emigrate一般指移民出境；immigrate一般指移民入境。而从农村到城市不属于这二者，因此选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Exercise can affect our outlook on life, and it can also help us get rid of tension, anxiety and frustration. So we should take exercise（ ）.问题1选项A.constantlyB.normallyC.usuallyD.regularly【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。constantly “不断地，时常地”； normally “正常地，通常地”； usually “通常，经常”；regularly “定期地”。根据空格前列举的锻炼带来的各种好处及常识可知空格处应该填入一个表示“经常”意义的词，regularly 与 usually都有此意，但后者一般位于be动词和助动词后面，行为动词前，所以选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Language, culture, and personality may be considered（ ）of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.问题1选项A.indistinctlyB.irrelevantlyC.independentlyD.separately【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。indistinctly“朦胧地，不明了地”，不跟of连用；irrelevantly “不相干地（与介词to连用），不切题地”；independently “独立地，自立地”，可与介词of连用；separately “分别地，分离地（与介词from连用），个别地”。根据关键词“inseparable in fact”（实际上不可分割）知空格处应该填写“分开的或独立的”。因此选项C符合题意。5. 单选题- “Doesnt your wife restrain you from smoking?” - “I（ ）from smoking ever since our marriage.” 问题1选项A.restrainedB.have restrainedC.refrainedD.have refrained【答案】D【解析】考查时态。由关键词since our marriage可知戒烟这件事从过去发生一直延续到现在，排除A, C选项；Refrain为不及物动词，后面要加上from，构成固定搭配refrain from（不再做某事），因此D选项正确。6. 单选题Those who have never suffered impairment of sight and hearing seldom make the fullest use of their blessed faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds（ ）.问题1选项A.lazilyB.indifferentlyC.hazilyD.hastily【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。lazily “懒洋洋地”；indifferently“冷淡地，漠不关心地”; hazily “模糊地， 朦胧地”； hastily“匆忙地，慌忙地”。句意：那些视觉和听觉从未受到损害的人很少充分利用这些有幸获得的官能， 他们的眼睛和耳朵模糊地容纳所有的景象和声音。根据关键词seldom make the fullest use of their blessed faculties(很少充分利用这些有幸获得的官能)可知“模糊地或朦胧地”更符合语境，选项C符合题意。7. 单选题It is nothing new that English use is on the rise around the world, especially in business circles. This also happens in France, the headquarters of the global battle against American cultural hegemony. If French guys are giving in to English, something really big must be going on. And something big is going on.Partly, its that American hegemony. Didier Benchimol, CEO of a French e-commerce software company, feels compelled to speak English perfectly because the Internet software business is dominated by Americans. He and other French businessmen also have to speak English because they want to get their message out to American investors, possessors of the worlds deepest pockets.The triumph of English in France and elsewhere in Europe however, may rest on something more enduring. As they become entwined with each other politically and economically, Europeans need a way to talk to one another and to the rest of the world. And for a number of reasons, theyve decided upon English as their common tongue.So when German chemical and pharmaceutical company Hoechst merged with French competitor Rhone-Poulenc last year, the companies chose the vaguely Latinate Aventis as the new company name and settled on English as the companys common language. When monetary policymakers from around Europe began meeting at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt last year to set interest rates for the new Euroland, they held their deliberations in English. Even the European Commission, with 11 official languages and a traditionally French-speaking bureaucracy, effectively switched over to English as its working language last year.How did this happen? One school attributes Englishs great success to the sheer weight of its merit. Its a Germanic language, brought to Britain around the fifth century A.D. During the four centuries of French-speaking rule that followed Norman Conquest of 1066, the language morphed into something else entirely. French words were added wholesale, and most of the complications of Germanic grammar were shed while few of the complications of French were added. The result is a language with a huge vocabulary and a simple grammar that can express most things more efficiently than either of its parents. Whats more, English has remained ungoverned and open to change -foreign words, coinages, and grammatical shifts in a way that French, ruled by the purist Academic Francaise, had not.So its a swell language, especially for business. But the rise of English over the past few centuries clearly owes at least as much to history and economies as to the languages ability to economically express the concept win-win. What happened is that the competition first Latin, then French, then briefly, German -faded with the waning of the political, economic and military fortunes of, respectively, the Catholic Church, France, and Germany. All along, English was increasing in importance: Britain was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, and London the worlds most important financial center, which made English a key language for business. Englands colonies around the world also made it the language with the most global reach. And as that former colony the U.S. rose to the status of the worlds preeminent political, economic, military, and cultural power, English became the obvious second language to learn.In the 1990s more and more Europeans found themselves forced to use English. The last generation of business and government leaders who hadnt studied English in school was leaving the stage. The European Community was adding new members and evolving from a paper-shuffling club into a serious regional government that would need a single common language if it were ever to get anything done. Meanwhile, economic barriers between European nations have been disappearing, meaning that more and more companies are beginning to look at the whole continent as their domestic market. And then the Internet came along.The Net had two big impacts. One was that it was an exciting, potentially lucrative new industry that had its roots in the U.S., so if you wanted to get in on it, you had to speak some English. The other was that by surfing the Web, Europeans who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs were now coming into contact with it daily.None of this means English has taken over European life. According to the European Union, 47% of Western Europeans (including the British and Irish) speak English well enough to carry on a conversation. Thats a lot more than those who can speak German (32%) or French (28%), but it still means more Europeans dont speak the language. If you want to sell shampoo or cell phones, you have to do it in French or German or Spanish or Greek. Even the U.S. and British media companies that stand to benefit most from the spread of English have been hedging their bets-CNN broadcasts in Spanish; the Financial Times has recently launched a daily German-language edition.But just look at who speaks English: 77% of Western European college students, 69% of managers, and 65% of those aged 15 to 24. In the secondary schools of the European Unions non-English-speaking countries, 91% of students study English, all of which means that the transition to English as the language of European business hasnt been all that traumatic, and its only going to get easier in the future.1. In the authors opinion, what really underlies the rising status of English in France and Europe is（ ）.2. Europeans began to favour English for all the following reasons EXCEPT its（ ）.3. Which of the following statements forecasts the continuous rise of English in the future?4. The passage mainly examines the factors related to（ ）.问题1选项A.American dominance in the Internet software businessB.the recent trend for foreign companies to merge with each otherC.Europeans eagerness to do business with American businessmenD.a practical need for effective communication among Europeans问题2选项A.disassociation from political changesB.association with the business worldC.links with the United StatesD.inherent linguistic properties问题3选项A.About half of Western Europeans are now proficient in English.B.Most secondary school students in Europe study English.C.U. S. and British media companies are operating in Western Europe.D.Most Europeans continue to use their own language.问题4选项A.the preference for English by European businessB.English learning in non-English-speaking E .U . nationsC.the rising status of English in EuropeD.the switch from French to English in the European Commission【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，真正使英语在法国和欧洲地位上升的原因是什么？”文章第三段第二句话提到“随着他们在政治和经济上的相互交织，欧洲人需要一种方式与他人和世界其他国家对话”（As they become entwined with each other politically and economically, Europeans need a way to talk to one another and to the rest of the world），由此可知选项D“欧洲人之间高效交流的实际需要”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“欧洲人选择英语的原因除了以下哪一项？”文章第五段第二句话提到“一种观点将英语的巨大成功归功于它自身的优点”(One school attributes Englishs great success to the sheer weight of its merit)，由此可知选项D“固有的语言属性”是原因之一，可以排除；文章第六段第二句话提到英语在过去几个世纪的崛起在很大程度上归功于历史和经济(But the rise of English over the past few centuries clearly owes at least as much to history and economies as to the languages ability to economically express the concept win-win)，由此可知选项B“与经济的联系”是原因之一，可以排除；文章第六段最后一句话提到随着美国这个前殖民地在政治、经济、军事和文化上的崛起，英语显然成了第二语言(And as that former colony the U.S. rose to the status of the worlds preeminent political, economic, military, and cultural power, English became the obvious second language to learn),可知选项C“与美国有关”也是原因之一，可以排除。综上，只有选项A没有提及，符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪一项预测了英语在未来的持续崛起？”文章最后一句话提到在欧盟非英语国家的中学，91%的学生在学习英语，这说明欧洲经济贸易语言向英语转变没有那么难，将来会更容易（In the secondary schools of the European Unions non-English-speaking countries, 91% of students study English, all of which means that the transition to English as the language of European business hasnt been all that traumatic, and its only going to get easier in the future），由此可知选项B符合题意。4.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章主要探讨与什么相关的因素？”文章主要讲述了英语在欧洲的使用频率提高，地位上升，且讲述了原因，比如，英语自身的优点，以及经济政治原因等。因此选项C“英语在欧洲地位的提升”符合题意。8. 单选题When Use Hadda sold her roomy, three bedroom house a year ago to move into a two-bedroom condo in Berkeley, California, she struggled to arrange her old furniture in her new space. Familiar pieces that had fit together so naturally before no longer connected in the same homey way. Nothing seemed to work. Her seven large wooden bookshelves, standing together in the living/dining room area, looked awkward and a little overwhelming. She couldnt find space for her favorite leather chair and the other furniture grouped around the living room fireplace. In an alcove off the master bedroom, her desk felt out of place and got in the way of the in-wall ironing board. I was frustrated because it looked awful, she says.Hadda turned to a surprising source for help the home stager shed hired earlier to strip the personality from her old home so it would be more attractive to potential buyers.Its not as strange as it sounds. Real-estate agents often recommend that sellers hire a home stager (also known as real-estate enhancer) to whisk through their homes and neutralize them before they go on the market. When staging to sell, a home stager, sometimes with the help of a team, stashes away personal items (your collection of antique dolls, for example, or the model boat on the mantel); repaints aggressively colored walls, and rearranges furniture and accessories to draw attention to a homes best features. Staging to live, as its called, is the logical next step. Having come to appreciate the clean, uncluttered look the stager achieved in their old homes, seller are rehiring stagers to work the same magic in their new home. But this time, instead of seeking to depersonalize your abode, the emphasis is on organizing, decluttering, and rearranging to de-stress the environment, says Barb Schwarz, whos been staging homes for more than 30 years and founded the International Association of Home Staging Professionals four years ago.Its visual therapy, says Schwarz. Its about fine-tuning a space to improve its energy and the flow from room to room, she says. Schwarz estimates that about 40 percent of her staging-to-sell clients ask her to stage their new homes.Staging is also about getting rid of familiar objects that homeowners are overly attached to, says interior designer Pat McMillan, coauthor of Home Decorating for Dummies. A stager can be brutally honest about disposing of clutter and relegating tatty family heirlooms to the closet.Anyone can hang out a shingle in this rapidly growing field, through a three-day course at one of Schwarzs Staging University training programs which covers such topics as traffic patterns, furniture arrangement, and family lifestyle”, earns graduates the right to call themselves Accredited Staging Professionals. Fees vary widely but typically run about $75 an hour. Depending on the number of rooms, the total fee to stage a home may range anywhere from $750 to $3,0000, says Schwarz .1. The sentence Nothing seemed to wok (Paragraph 1) probably means（ ）.2. Which of the following is true according to the third paragraph?3. We may infer from the third paragraph that（ ）.4. According to the passage, the stager field is the one in which?问题1选项A.her furniture lost their functions for their new arrangementB.she had lost her job and had nothing to doC.her furniture were too old to be used any longerD.she didnt like her furniture any more for their awful looking问题2选项A.One home stager is enough to do all the works.B.The stagers try their best to prevent the house from being sold.C.Personal items of the home owner will be used to draw attention.D.Walls with inappropriate colors will be repainted.问题3选项A.staging to live is a certain step for all the staging to sell clients.B.stagers are rehired to help the clients organize their new houses.C.stagers are rehired to help the clients sell their new houses.D.staging to live costs much more than the step of “staging to sell”.问题4选项A.anyone can buy a satisfying house fromB.anyone can earn a lot of moneyC.anyone can have a tryD.anyone can start a training company【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“句子没有什么看起来发挥了作用可能是什么意思？”文章第一段第二句提到曾经摆放在一起的成套的家具现在却不再按照以前的方式摆放了（Familiar pieces that had fit together so naturally before no longer connected in the same homey way）；第四句提到她的七个大型的木制书柜被摆放在客厅里面，使它们看起来不协调并且占了大量的空间（Her seven large wooden bookshelves, standing together in the living/dining room area, looked awkward and a little overwhelming），因此可知选项A“重新摆放后的家具失去了作用”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第三段可知下列哪句话是正确的？”文章第二段提到Hadda后悔没有早点找一个理家老手来帮她去掉房子之前的印记，以便吸引潜在买家（Hadda turned to a surprising source for help the home stager shed hired earlier to strip the personality from her old home so it would be more attractive to potential buyers），由此可知选项D“不合适的墙面颜色需要重新刷油漆”符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“从第三段可推断出什么？” 文章第三段倒数第二句话提到在见识到了理家老手的高超手段后，他们会再次雇佣理家老手去打理他们的新家（Having come to appreciate the clean, uncluttered look the stager achieved in their old homes, seller are rehiring stagers to work the same magic in their new home），因此选项B符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，理家行业怎么样？”文章最后一段第一句话提到每个人都可以尝试在这个领域发展（Anyone can hang out a shingle in this rapidly growing field），选项C符合题意。9. 翻译题Translate the following part into Chinese.In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. Guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently.【答案】在社交生活中，时间扮演着重要的角色。在美国，如果客人在一个聚会的前3天或4天才收到邀请，他们就会觉得自己没有受到高度重视。但并不是所有国家都这样。在世界的其他地方，太早和别人约好时间被认为是愚蠢的，因为超过一个星期的提前预约很容易被人忘掉。时间在不同国家有不同的意义。因此，来自看待时间不同的文化的人之间会产生误会。10. 单选题Since it was last substantially reformed 30 years ago, the U.S. Postal Service has usually turned a profit: its government-mandated monopoly is one reason. But size is another. When U.S. postage rates are increased by a single penny, another $1 billon pours into the USPS. This monopoly has plenty of added bonuses. Letter carriers receive federal benefits and dont have to pay parking tickets. The service pays no sales or property taxes, no license fees for its mail trucks. The postal service also plans to increase the cost of mailing magazines 15%, a move that has raised the anger of magazine publishers.There is no shortage of critics. Newspaper headline bemoan the “Postal Disservice” and cry for privatization. Oklahoma legislators have passed a resolution challenging the services tax-exempt status. Federal studies charge the USPS with everything from mismanagement to misappropriation. According to the federal limes, the post offices International Business Unit was given funding and a staff of 200 to create an extensive global logistics network that was supposed to generate $10 billion in revenue by 2005. The programs, known as Global Priority Mail and Global Package Link, flopped .Yet another audit found that the USPS losses more than $1 billon a year by not collecting international duties on packages. Perhaps worst of all, CNF Transportation, which owns Emeiy Worldwide, is suing the post office for not paying its bills on an overseas-delivery joint venture.New alliances-like the one with FedEx-may be the USPSs best chance for survival in a digital world, where success is less about delivering envelopes than about optimizing networks and managing information.Ultimately, however, the real beneficiary of a USPS-FedEx alliance will be the Memphis-based powerhouse. Besides gaining access to that “last mile” to someones mailbox, FedEx could leverage the arrangement by planting drop-off boxes in post-office lobbies. Even if government regulators limit the combination on antitrust grounds, FedEx is steaming ahead with other joint ventures, including a deal with the French postal agency La Poste. Fred Smith has already proved FedExs global strength. Most analysts see his domestic strategy as a clever way to position his 29-year-old company for what many believe will be the USPS inevitable dissolution.Unless it undergoes radical reform soon, the U.S. Postal Services days are probably numbered. Even its primary market, first class mail, is expected to shrink 27% over the next decade, representing the loss of an additional $17 billion in revenues. And some analysts warn that deals with private carriers will simply undercut USPS assets, leaving it with little more than its most rural-and least profitable-routes to serve.Postmaster General Henderson resists even the suggestion that Postal Service could disappear and has vowed to shake up his massive organization. Yet in testimony to Congress last month, he seemed resigned to a fate that is uncertain at best. As he argued for support of the postal reform bill that has lan