2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第67期

2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The republication of the poets most recent works will certainly（ ）his national reputation.问题1选项A.enhanceB.strengthenC.enlargeD.magnify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance增加，加强，提高；strengthen加强，巩固；enlarge扩大，使增大；magnify放大，赞美。句意：这位诗人最新作品的再版必将提高他在全国的声誉。enhance reputation提高声誉；A项符合题意。2. 单选题If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in Americas public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of Americas public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britains Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the states budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvards Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.1. Paragraph 1 suggests that（ ）.2. According to Paragraph 2,（ ）.3. Paragraph 4 points out that the income in the state sector is（ ）.4. It can be learned from the example of the unions in Wisconsin that unions（ ）5. What is John Donahues attitude towards the public-sector system?问题1选项A.Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servantB.Teamsters has kept growing in its body of membersC.the number of unionists in public-sector has increasedD.the government has improved its relationship with unionists问题2选项A.a university degree is required for public-sector union membershipB.Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unionsC.public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actionsD.public-sector unions are hesitant in taking actions问题3选项A.fairly adjustedB.illegally securedC.indirectly increasedD.excessively increased问题4选项A.often run against the current political systemB.may be a barrier to public-sector reformsC.can change peoples political attitudesD.are dominant in the government问题5选项A.Tolerance.B.Disapproval.C.Indifference.D.Appreciation.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段第二句“When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do.”可知，在1960年只有十分之一的美国政府工作人员属于工会而现在是36%。而由最后两句“In 2009 the number of unionists in Americas public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized. ”可知，2009年，美国公共部门工会成员的数量超过了私营部门工会成员的数量。在英国，超过一半的公共部门员工加入了工会，但只有15%的私营部门员工加入了工会。由此可以判断，这么多年来，公共部门的工会成员人数有所增加，所以C选项表述正确。原文只是说明Jimmy Hoffa如果活着可能会代表公务员，并不是说他真的是公务员，因此A选项与原文内容不符。B选项“卡车司机成员不断增加”与原文内容不符，原文只是说1960年卡车司机处于巅峰时期，故表述错误。D选项“政府改善了它与工会的关系”，在原文中并未提到，属于无中生有。故本题正确答案为C选项。2.推理判断题。题干询问：根据第二段可以得出。原文第二段主要介绍了工会兴盛的三个原因，原因一：他们可以在不承担后果的情况下解决事情；原因二：他们大多聪明且受过良好的教育；原因三：他们现在主导着中间偏左的政治。由此可知，C选项表述正确，without suffering much说明他们很少惹上麻烦，即seldom get in trouble。原文第二段第四句指出“A quarter of Americas public-sector workers have a university degree”，所以并不是所有的公共部门工会成员都被要求拥有大学学位。可判断A选项表述错误。由原因三可知，工党一直和工会联系在一起，工党领袖的当选部分原因归功于公共部分工会的投票，可判断B选项错误。D选项的表述在原文中并未提及，故本题正确答案为C选项。3.细节事实题。题干询问：从第四段可以得知，国营部门的收入是。根据题干信息可定位到原文第4段第三句，通过Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.可知，政客们一再“加码”公共部门的薪酬协议，要保持适度的工资增长，但要增加假期，尤其是已经很丰厚的养老金。由此可知，国营部门的收入需要间接进行提高。可判断C选项正确。A选项表示“公平调整”，B选项表示“非法获得”，D选项表示“过度增加”，均与原文内容不符，故本题正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问：我们可以从威斯康辛州工会的例子中了解到，工会应该。根据题干信息可定位到原文第六段第二句“In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor”，根据句意可知，在威斯康辛州，各工会集结了数千支持者，反对共和党强硬派州长Scott Walker。由此可知B选项“工会是公共部门改革的障碍”表述正确。A选项“经常与当前的政治体制相抵触”属于推断过度，而C选项“能改变人们的政治态度”和D选项“在政府中占主导地位”在原文中均为提及。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。5.观点态度题。题干询问：John Donahue对公共工会部门的态度是。根据题干信息定位到原文最后一段，由“Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America. ”可知，银行家丰厚的薪水引来了许多批评，但公共部门系统不奖励高成就者，这对美国来说可能是一个更大的问题。由此可见，John Donahue对于美国的公共部门持有不支持的态度，因此B选项Disapproval最符合原文内容，故本题正确答案为B选项。A选项表示“容忍”，C选项表示“漠不关心”，D选项表示“赞赏”。3. 单选题During the Spring Festival holiday, Chinese citizens are granted a visa-upon-arrival in 37 countries and regions, while a further 11 countries and regions are（ ）visa-free.问题1选项A.identicalB.measurableC.abnormalD.accessible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项identical表示“同一的，完全相同的”；B选项measurable表示“可测量的，重大的，重要的”；C选项abnormal表示“反常的，不规则的”；D选项accessible表示“可进入的，可理解的，易接近的”。由句意可知，在春节期间，中国公民在37个国家和地区享有落地签证的权利，而在另外的11个国家和地区，享受免签待遇。因此，D选项含义最符合句意要求，故本题正确答案为D选项。4. 单选题Not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries（ ）as a unified science.问题1选项A.did ecology emergeB.when ecology emergedC.ecology emergedD.when did ecology emerge【答案】A【解析】考查倒装结构。当not until放句首时，句子要部分倒装。故A项正确。句意：直到19世纪末20世纪初，生态学才作为统一的科学出现。5. 单选题Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children（ ）a violent act previously seen on television.问题1选项A.duplicatingB.acceleratingC.stimulatingD.modifying【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。duplicate复制；accelerate加速，促进；stimulate刺激，鼓舞；modify修改，修饰。从前后语义可推测儿童与从电视上看到的暴力行为之间的关系，应该是儿童模仿电视上的暴力行为。故A项正确。句意：最近有一些儿童模仿电视上的暴力行为的报道。6. 单选题A 1994 World Bank report concluded that（ ）girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.问题1选项A.assigningB.enrollingC.involvingD.undertaking【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。assign分配，指派；enroll登记，招收，注册；involve涉及；undertake承担，保证。句意：1994年世界银行的一份报告得出的结论是, 学校招收女生是发展中国家反贫困最有效的措施。招生用enroll。故B项正确。7. 单选题Galaxy clusters are the most massive structures in the universe and exert such a powerful（ ）pull that they warp the space time around them and act as cosmic lenses that can magnify, distort and bend the light behind them.问题1选项A.gravitationalB.exceptionalC.motivationalD.sensational【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项gravitational表示“重力的，引力的”；B选项exceptional表示“超常的，异常的，例外的”；C选项motivational表示“动机的，激发性的”；D选项sensational表示“轰动的，耸人听闻的，使人感动的”。由句意可知，星系团是宇宙中最巨大的结构，它能产生巨大的引力，扭曲周围的时空，就像宇宙透镜一样放大、扭曲和弯曲后面的光线。因此，A选项gravitational的含义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为A选项。8. 单选题（ ）as planned depends on the weather.问题1选项A.Well go on the excursionB.That well go on the excursionC.How well go on the excursionD.Whether well go on the excursion【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。原句表示，我们是否能按计划出去郊游取决于天气。因此本题正确答案为D选项。9. 单选题Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”，with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de waals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods（and much preferable to cucumbers）. So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber（without an actual monkey to eat it）was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.1. The author introduces his topic in the opening paragraph by（ ）.2. The statement “it is all too monkey”（Last line, paragraph 1）implies that（ ）.3. The researchers chose female capuchin monkeys for study probably because they are（ ）.4. The researchers found in their study that the monkeys（ ）.5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（ ）.问题1选项A.posing a contrastB.making a comparisonC.justifying an assumptionD.explaining a phenomenon问题2选项A.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB.resenting unfairness is also monkeys natureC.monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each otherD.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions问题3选项A.more generous than their male companionsB.nice in both appearance and temperamentC.more inclined to weigh what they getD.attentive to researchers instructions问题4选项A.prefer grapes to cucumbersB.can be taught to exchange thingsC.are unhappy when separated from othersD.will not be cooperative if feeling cheated问题5选项A.monkeys can be trained to develop social emotionsB.human indignation evolved from an uncertain sourceC.animals usually show their feelings openly as humans doD.cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.考查写作手法。第一段将人与猴子之间的相似性进行比较,说明人会将自己与其同类进行比较，而一项研究也表明猴子也存在这种现象。A项posing a contrast提出一个对比，但文章不止提出了对比，还进行了分析。B项making a comparison作对比，符合题意。contrast多用于不同事物之间的比较；而compare多用于类比，即同类事物之间的比较。C项“证明一个假设”，第一段说的是人与猴子的比较，而不是假设什么东西。D项“解释一种现象”与第一段不符。故B项正确。、2.判断推理题。 由于题目表面看上去是问一个词组的意思，实际上只有先理解“all too human太具人性化的”然后才能够理解“all too monkey太猴子化了”。A项“猴子也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒。”文章中开篇的时候只是说人会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，并没有说动物也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，故A项错误。C项“猴子和人一样，也会彼此嫉妒。”这是最大的干扰项，本文的主题就是要告诉大家“猴子也痛恨不公平”，故该项与原文内容有区别。D项 “除了猴子没有动物能够培养出这样的感情。”从原文并不能推断出这个观点。故B项“猴子与人一样，也会憎恶不公平”。3.细节事实题。由第二段以及第三段一句话“The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de waals study. 研究人员研究了雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为。他们看起来很可爱。它们性情温和，乐于合作，总是很晚才分享食物。最重要的是，和人类女性一样，他们往往比男性更关注“商品和服务”的价值。这些特征使他们成为布鲁斯南博士和德瓦尔博士研究的完美对象。由“above all最重要的是”后面的内容可知母猴更密切关注商品和服务的价值”也就是母猴权衡她们获得的东西，该优势使其成为被研究对象。故C项正确。B项文中虽有提到，但不是最重要的。AD两项文中均未提及。4.细节事实题。最后一段第二句 Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated只有当每只动物都觉得自己没有被欺骗时，这种合作才有可能是稳定的。”由此可知C项正确。AB两项是事实，但不是结论。D项 明显是错误的。5.判断推理题。由最后一段However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 然而，这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上独立进化而来的，还是来自三千五百万年前的共同祖先，至今仍是个未解之谜。由此可知B项“人类的对不公平的愤怒起源不明”正确。ACD三项都无法从最后一段推断出来。故B项正确。10. 单选题Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors（流星）but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too3 makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called “rem”. Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren.Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found, so far.1. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that（ ）.2. We know from the passage that（ ）.3. The harm radiation, has clone to the Apollo crew members（ ）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.5. The best title for this passage would be（ ）.问题1选项A.it protects him against the harmful rays from spaceB.it provides sufficient light for plant growthC.it supplies the heat necessary for human survivalD.it screens off the falling meteors问题2选项A.exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatalB.the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in comingC.radiation is avoidable in space explorationD.astronauts in spacesuits neednt worry about radiation damage问题3选项A.is significantB.seems overestimatedC.is enormousD.remains unknown问题4选项A.the Apollo mission was very successfulB.protection from space radiation is no easy jobC.astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildrenD.radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers问题5选项A.The Atmosphere and Our EnvironmentB.Research on RadiationC.Effects of Space RadiationD.Importance of Protection Against Radiation【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage. 大气层再次成为我们在地球上的保护层。各种光线通过空气来自外太空,但大量的来自太阳的辐射被屏蔽掉。一旦人类离开大气层就会暴露在辐射里，但是他们的宇航服或者飞船的舱壁（如果他们是在飞船内的话）确实会避免许多辐射的危害。据此可知大气层保护人类免受有害光线的影响。A项正确。2.判断推理题。根据文中第二段“The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage. A person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. 问题是，很难确定辐射的危害。一个人在受到辐射后感觉良好，但他或她的性器官细胞可能会受到损伤，而这要等到畸胎儿甚至孙辈出生后才能发现。据此可知辐射对人的危害不会立马表现出来，而要过很长时间才能体现。故B项正确。A项“暴露在极小的辐射中也是致命的”与原文“Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. 科学家们有理由相信，一个人可以忍受远远超过0.1雷姆的辐射而不受伤害;60雷姆的数字已经达成一致。”不符。C项“在太空探索时辐射是可以避免的”说法错误。D项“穿太空服的宇航员不用担心辐射危害” 与 As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage. 一旦人们离开大气层，他们就会暴露在这种辐射下，但是如果他们在飞船里，他们的宇航服或太空船的墙壁，确实防止了大量的辐射损伤。不符。故A项正确。3.判断推理题。由最后一段“Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. 阿波罗的飞行任务需要穿越大量的雷姆辐射带。到目前为止，没有危险的辐射量的报告，但阿波罗任务是相当短的。”可知阿波罗宇航员是否受到辐射危害的影响还不得而知。故D项正确。4.判断推理题。根据最后一句Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found, so far. 药物可能有助于减少辐射造成的伤害，但迄今为止还没有发现真正有效的药物。可知防止太空辐射不是一件容易的事。B项正确。5.主旨大意题。本文首先介绍了大气层对人类的重要性，接着讲述了太空辐射的影响，最后表明目前还没有发现真正有效能阻挡辐射的方法。故C项“太空辐射的影响”正确。11. 单选题Good sense is the most equitably distributed thing in the world, for each man considers himself so well provided with it that even those who are most difficult to satisfy in everything else do not usually wish to have more of it than they have already. It is not likely that everyone is mistaken in this; it shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or reason, is by nature equal in all men, and thus that our opinions differ not because some men are better endowed with reason than others, but only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things, for it