2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷84（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题机器人我们正生活在一个机器人承担许多工作的时代。机器人可以制造汽车、驾驶飞机和处理账单。不过这些机器人并不是人形机器。它们的外形并不像我们。它们是特别制造出来代替人做某些工作的机器，可以给它们以任何适宜的外形。机器人的“脑子”是一部电脑，它能够储存指令，并能够控制其它部件。机器人有手臂，能够做人用手干的多种工作。例如，机器人可以在汽车装配线上焊接车身和喷漆。使用机器人比使用工人的优越之处是它们可以不停地长时间工作，它们从不疲劳，而工作的准确性却始终如一。它们可以在人无法忍受的条件下工作，如有高温、有强烈的噪音或是有危险射线的场合，随着机器人数量的增加，它们的制造成本也会下降。尽管机器人正在迅速承担工业中的许多工作，但要在家里做家务活却似乎还差得很远。问题在于即使干一半的家务活也需要有一个非常复杂、非常昂贵的机器人。【答案】Robot2. 单选题People are criticizing the economic policies that have _ the decline of manufacturing industry.问题1选项A.assessedB.acceptedC.accessedD.accelerated【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. assessed 对进行评估 B. accepted 接受；相信C. accessed 接近；进入 D. accelerated 加速；促进【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：人们对制造业衰退的经济政策提出了批评。根据逻辑，因为是人们批评的，所以应该是人们认为有些经济政策会不利于制造业的发展，可能会加速制造业的衰退，对于这些经济政策人们提出批评。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】人们对加速制造业衰退的经济政策提出了批评。3. 翻译题Navigation computers, now sold by most car-makers, cost $2,000 and up. No surprise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing technologymeaning prices should eventually dropand the market does seem to be growing.Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive. It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn-by-turn directionsspoken by a clear human-sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver.The computer works with an antenna that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 global positioning system (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and the antenna, the cars location can be pinned down within 100 meters.The satellite signals, along with inputs on speed from a wheel-speed sensor and direction from a meter, determine the cars position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, landmarks and points of interest are included.Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardwarethe way the computer accepts the drivers request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it.BMWs system offers a set of cross hairs that can be moved across the map (you have several choices of map scale) to pick a point youd like to get to. Audis screen can be switched to TV reception.Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMWs and Lexuss having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French, German, Spanish, Dutch and Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters for determining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways.【答案】现在大多数汽车制造商出售的导航电脑价值都在2000美元或以上，因此它们大多用于一些豪华车内，如雷克萨斯，宝马和奥迪，也是不足为奇的事。但它是一种发展中的技术这意味着价格最终将下降市场看来定将扩大。即使就当前的价格而言，导航电脑也足以令人动心。它通过建议路线规划提示指引你在大多数重要城市里由此地去彼地。这些指示可以模拟清晰的真人发音，并书写在驾驶者面前的屏幕上。该电脑通过一根天线工作。这根天线至少能够接收到24家全球定位卫星中的3家。通过计算卫星与天线之间信号传播所需的时间，汽车的位置可被确定在100米的误差范围之内。卫星信号，连同车速传感器提供的车速数据和定向仪提供的方向一起确定出车子的位置，哪怕它处于移动当中。这些信息同一个地图数据库相结合，街道、路标或名胜之地都被包括在该数据库之中。大多数导航系统基本都是相同的。区别之处在于硬件的不同，即电脑接受驾驶者询问方向的指令和它提供指示的方式不同。在多数系统内，驾驶者通过触摸屏或光盘输入某个目的地地址，高速公路的交汇口，或名胜之处。但是雷克萨斯车的屏幕则更胜一筹：你能够指向屏幕地图的任何一点并获得到达该地点的指示。根据德国宝马的系统设计，地图上有一个可以移动的瞄准十字纹（有几种地图比例供选择）。你想去哪里，就可以选定哪里。而奥迪车的屏幕可以转换为电视接受器。像宝马和雷克萨斯这样的车，其更为出色的定位系统所储存的词汇量更大，甚至其复述指令的声音也可以不同。这些指令除可以英语发音外，还可以使用法语、德语、西班牙语、荷兰语和意大利语发音。驾驶者还可以通过设置参数来决定路线，比如说最快、最短、或不走高速公路的路线。4. 单选题After Los Angeles, Atlanta may be Americas most car-dependent city. Atlantans sentimentally give their cars names; compare speeding tickets and jealously guard any side-street where it is possible to park. The citys roads are so well worn that the first act of the new mayor, Shirley Franklin, was to start repairing potholes. In 1998, 13 metro counties lost federal highway funds because their air-pollution levels violated the Clean Air Act. The American Highway Users Alliance ranked three Atlanta interchanges among the 18 worst bottlenecks in the country.Other cities in the same fix have reorganized their highways, imposed commuter and car taxes, or expanded their public-transport systems. Atlanta does not like any of these things. Public transport is a vexed subject, too. Atlantas metropolitan region is divided into numerous county and smaller city governments, which find it hard to work together. Railways now serve the city center and the airport, but not much else; bus stops are often near invisible poles, offering no indication of which bus might stop there, or when.Georgias Democratic governor, Roy Barnes, who hopes for re-election in November, has other plans. To win back the federal highway money lost under the Clean Air Act, he created the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA), a 15-member board with the power to make the county governments, the city and the ten-county Atlanta Regional Commission cooperate on transport plans, whether they like it or not.Now GRTA has issued its own preliminary plan, allocating $4.5 billion over the next three years for a variety of schemes. The plan earmarks money to widen roads; to have an electric shuttle bus shuttle tourists among the elegant villas of Buck head; and to create a commuter rail link between Atlanta and Macon, two hours to the south. Counties will be encouraged, with generous ten-to-one matching funds, to start express bus services.Public goodwill, however, may not stretch as far as the next plan, which is to build the Northern Arc highway for 65 miles across three counties north of the city limits. GRTA has allotted $270 million for this. Supporters say it would ease the congestion on local roads; opponents think it would worsen over-development and traffic. The counties affected, and even GRTAs own board, are divided.The governor is in favor, however,and since he can appoint and fire GRTAS members, that is probably the end of the story. Mr. Barnes has a tendency to do as he wants, regardless. His arrogance on traffic matters could also lose him votes. But Mr. Barnes think that Atlantas slowing economy could do him more harm than the anti-sprawl movement.1. The authors presentation of Atlantans car-dependence is meant _.2. Which of the following is not part of the “anti-sprawl movement” as planned by Governor Roy Barnes?3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?4. It can be learnt from the text that Georgias Governor Roy Barnes _.5. In eyes of the writer, the best solution to the traffic problem in Atlanta seems to lie in _.问题1选项A.to be ironicB.to poke fun to themC.to be fairD.to make it notorious问题2选项A.The construction of a commuter rail link.B.His success in re-election in November.C.The initiation of shuttle bus transit.D.The allocation of money to widen roads.问题3选项A.The federal highway funds were lost under the Clean Air Act.B.The county governments should be cooperative on traffic matters.C.Atlantans must abandon buses and trains and build more highways.D.Atlanta leaves a bad impression on visitors in terms of its traffics.问题4选项A.is in tyrannous control of the GRTA boardB.cuts an impressive nonconformist imageC.is bound to win the re-election coming upD.channels part of funds to his personal assets问题5选项A.the enforcement of traffic regulationsB.the challenge to Governor Barness arroganceC.the increase of commuter and car taxesD.the improvement of its public-transport systems【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1. 【选项释义】The authors presentation of Atlantans car-dependence is meant _. 作者对亚特兰大人对汽车的依赖性的描述本意是_。A. to be ironic A. 讽刺的B. to poke fun to them B. 为了取笑他们C. to be fair C. 公平的D. to make it notorious D. 为了让它臭名昭著【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第二句“出于感情亚特兰大人给他们的汽车起名字；通过比较超速罚单，他们小心地守住任何可以停车的小巷。（Atlantans sentimentally give their cars names; compare speeding tickets and jealously guard any side-street where it is possible to park.）”根据作者用sentimentally（多情地）和jealously（妒忌地；猜疑地）两词可以看出作者对亚特兰大人对汽车依赖的描述是讽刺的。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项曲解作者意思，属于曲解原文。2. 【选项释义】Which of the following is not part of the “anti-sprawl movement” as planned by Governor Roy Barnes? 以下哪项不是罗伊巴恩斯州长所计划的“反蔓延运动”的一部分？A. The construction of a commuter rail link. A. 通勤铁路的建造。B. His success in re-election in November. B. 他在11月成功连任。C. The initiation of shuttle bus transit. C. 启动穿梭巴士过境。D. The allocation of money to widen roads. D. 用于拓宽道路的拨款。【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第三段“这项计划专门拨款拓宽道路（The plan earmarks money to widen roads）；有电动穿梭巴士接送游客穿梭于巴克头优雅的别墅之间（to have an electric shuttle bus shuttle tourists among the elegant villas of Buck head）；以及建立一条亚特兰大和梅肯之间的通勤铁路（create a commuter rail link）”。由此可知A、C、D选项均有提及，B选项没有提及，因此选B。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均是计划的一部分，属于反向干扰。3. 【选项释义】Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text? 文中没有提到下列哪项？A. The federal highway funds were lost under the Clean Air Act. A. 联邦公路基金因清洁空气法而损失。B. The county governments should be cooperative on traffic matters. B. 县政府应该在交通问题上合作。C. Atlantans must abandon buses and trains and build more highways. C. 亚特兰大人必须放弃公共汽车和火车，建造更多的高速公路。D. Atlanta leaves a bad impression on visitors in terms of its traffics. D. 亚特兰大的交通给游客留下了不好的印象。【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】文中第一段“1998年，13个大都会县失去了联邦公路基金，因为它们的空气污染水平违反了清洁空气法。（In 1998, 13 metro counties lost federal highway funds because their air-pollution levels violated the Clean Air Act.）”因此选项A提到了；文中第三段“为了赢回因清洁空气法而损失的联邦公路资金，他成立了佐治亚州区域运输局（GRTA），一个由15名成员组成的委员会，有权让县政府、市政府和10个县的亚特兰大区域委员会在运输计划上进行合作（the city and the ten-county Atlanta Regional Commission cooperate on transport plans），不管他们喜欢与否。”由此可知县政府在交通上合作，因此B选项提到了；文中第二段最后“铁路现在服务于市中心和机场，但其他服务不多；公共汽车站通常靠近看不见的电线杆，没有显示哪辆公共汽车可能在那里停，或者什么时候停。”可知亚特兰大这些服务于公众的交通并不完善，由此推断会给游客留下不好印象。因此D选项可以推出。C选项文中没有提及。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项都提到了，C选项没有提及。A、B、D选项属于反向干扰。4. 【选项释义】It can be learnt from the text that Georgias Governor Roy Barnes _. 从文中可以得知，乔治亚州州长罗伊巴恩斯_。A. is in tyrannous control of the GRTA board A. 对GRTA董事会有着专横的控制B. cuts an impressive nonconformist image B. 给人留下了不墨守成规的印象C. is bound to win the re-election coming up C. 一定会赢得即将到来的连任D. channels part of funds to his personal assets D. 将部分资金用于个人资产【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“由于他可以任命和解雇GRTA的成员，这可能就是故事的结局。巴恩斯先生总是想怎么做就怎么做（Mr. Barnes has a tendency to do as he wants）。他在交通问题上的傲慢也可能使他失去选票。”由此可知，巴恩斯先生可以随意任命解雇成员，并且想怎么做就怎么做，由此可推断他对GRTA有专横的控制。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“给人留下了不墨守成规的印象”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“一定会赢得即将到来的连任”，文中提到“他在交通问题上的傲慢也可能使他失去选票。”因此他不一定能连任，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；D选项“将部分资金用于个人资产”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。5. 【选项释义】In eyes of the writer, the best solution to the traffic problem in Atlanta seems to lie in _. 在作者看来，解决亚特兰大交通问题的最好办法似乎在于_。A. the enforcement of traffic regulations A. 执行交通规则B. the challenge to Governor Barness arrogance B. 挑战巴恩斯州长的傲慢C. the increase of commuter and car taxes C. 提高通勤税和汽车税D. the improvement of its public-transport systemsD. 改善其公共交通系统【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“其他处于同样困境的城市已经重组了高速公路，征收通勤税和汽车税，或者扩大了公共交通系统（expanded their public-transport systems）。亚特兰大不喜欢这些东西。公共交通也是一个令人烦恼的话题。亚特兰大大都会区分为许多县政府和较小的市政府，发现这样很难合作。铁路现在服务于市中心和机场，但其他服务不多；公共汽车站通常靠近看不见的电线杆，没有显示哪辆公共汽车可能在那里停，或者什么时候停。”然后文中讲亚特兰大各县进行交通方面的合作，GRTA拨款修建道路，建立铁路通勤线。启动快速公交服务等等，这些都是在改善亚特兰大的公共交通。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“执行交通规则”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“挑战巴恩斯州长的傲慢”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“提高通勤税和汽车税”，文中提到“其他处于同样困境的城市已经重组了高速公路，征收通勤税和汽车税，或者扩大了公共交通系统”但是根据后文可知，亚特兰大选择改善公共交通而不是提高通勤税和汽车税，该选项属于反向干扰。5. 单选题Well _ you for any damage done to your house while we are in it.问题1选项A.compensateB.remedyC.supplementD.retrieve【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. compensate 给（某人）赔偿（或赔款） B. remedy 改正；纠正C. supplement 增补；补充 D. retrieve 取回；索回【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：我们在你房子里的时候，如果给你房子造成任何损坏，我们会。根据逻辑，住在别人的房子里时，如果造成损坏应该对房子的主人进行赔偿。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】我们在你房子里的时候，如果给你房子造成任何损坏，我们会赔偿的。6. 翻译题70年代以来，美国华人社会发生了重大的变化。最显著的是许多来自大陆的中国人不断涌入美国，使美国华人的人数猛增。【答案】Since the 1970s, major changes have taken place in Chinese American society. Most notably, the influx of many Chinese from mainland China into the United States has led to a surge in the number of Chinese Americans.7. 单选题He was _ of stealing and sent to prison for the third time.问题1选项A.convictedB.accusedC.chargedD.sentenced【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. convicted 定罪 B. accused 控告；控诉C. charged 控告；起诉 D. sentenced 判决；宣判【答案】A【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】句意：他被偷窃罪并且第三次入狱。根据句意，应该是被定罪为偷窃罪然后送入监狱。be convicted of“宣布有罪”符合语境，因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项accused“控告；控诉”，be accused of“被指控”，根据句意，因为已经送入监狱，所以应该是宣布有罪了，而不只是被指控有罪，该选项不符合语境；C选项charged“控告；起诉”，固定搭配be charged with或be charged of，表示“被指控”。根据句意，因为已经送入监狱，所以应该是宣布有罪了，而不只是被指控有罪，该选项不符合语境；D选项sentenced“判决；宣判”，其使用为be sentenced to，因此不符合搭配。【句意】他被宣告犯偷窃罪，第三次被送进监狱。8. 单选题She cut her hair short and tried to _ herself as a man.问题1选项A.decorateB.disguiseC.fabricateD.fake【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. decorate 装饰；装潢 B. disguise 假扮；装扮；伪装C. fabricate 编造；捏造 D. fake 伪造；冒充【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：她把头发剪短，试图成男人。根据句意，她把头发剪短目的是伪装成男人的样子。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项decorate“装饰；装潢”，不符合语境；C选项fabricate“编造；捏造”，指捏造虚假信息以欺骗他人，题目中指的是改变造型而不是捏造虚假信息；D选项fake“伪造；冒充”，指使假的看起来是真的，尤指为了欺骗某人，题目说的是女人把头发剪短假扮男人，并不是使假的看起来是真的，且这里不存在欺骗的意思，因此该选项不符合语境。【句意】她把头发剪短，试图化装成男人。9. 单选题The crisis in our industry was _ by intense competition from foreign producers.问题1选项A.brought onB.brought forwardC.brought upD.brought round【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. brought on 导致；引起 B. brought forward 提出；提前C. brought up 提出；教育；养育 D. brought round 使改变观点；说服【答案】A【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：我们工业的危机是由外国生产商的激烈竞争。根据逻辑，外国生产商的激烈竞争可能会引起我国的工业危机。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】我们工业的危机是由外国生产商的激烈竞争引起的。10. 单选题Oil companies in the U.S. are already beginning to feel the pressure. Refinery workers and petroleum-equipment-manufacturing, employees are being _.问题1选项A.laid outB.laid offC.laid downD.laid aside【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. laid out 展示；安排 B. laid off 解雇；休息C. laid down 放下；制定 D. laid aside 搁置；储蓄【答案】B【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力。炼油工人和石油设备制造业的雇员正在被。根据逻辑，公司受到压力时，有可能进行裁员，因此这些雇佣员工可能被解雇。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力。炼油工人和石油设备制造业的雇员正在被解雇。11. 单选题When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, he began a ten-year battle to win recognition from the Pullman Company, the largest private employer of Black people in the United States and the company that controlled the railroad industrys sleeping car and parlor service. In 1935 the Brotherhood became the first Black union recognized by a major corporation. Randolphs efforts in the battle helped transform the attitude of Black workers toward unions and toward themselves as an identifiable group; eventually, Randolph helped to weaken organized labors antagonism toward Black workers.In the Pullman contest Randolph faced formidable obstacles. The first was Black workers understandable skepticism toward unions, which had historically barred Black workers from membership. An additional obstacle was the union that Pullman itself had formed, which weakened support among Black workers for an independent entity.The Brotherhood possessed a number of advantages, however, including Randolphs own tactical abilities. In 1928 he took the bold step of threatening a strike against Pullman. Such a threat, on a national scale, under Black leadership, helped replace the stereotype of the Black worker as servant with the image of the Black worker as wage earner. In addition, the porters very isolation aided the Brotherhood. Porters were scattered throughout the country, sleeping in dormitories in Black communities; their segregated life protected the union internal communications from interception. That the porters were a homogeneous group working for a single employer with single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encouraged racial identity and solidarity as well. But it was only in the early 1930s that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized as the porters representative.Not content with this triumph, Randolph brought the Brotherhood into the American Federation of Labor, where it became the equal of the Federations 105 other unions. He reasoned that as a member union, the Brotherhood would be in a better position to exert pressure on member unions that practiced race restrictions. Such restrictions were eventually found unconstitutional in 1944.1. According to the passage, by 1935 the skepticism of Black workers toward unions was _.2. In using the word “understandable” (Para.2), the author most clearly conveys _.3. The passage suggests which of the following about the response of porters to the Pullman Companys own union?4. The passage suggests that if the grievances of porters in one part of the United States had been different from those of porters in another part of the country, which of the following would have been the case?5. The passage supplies information concerning which of the following matters related to Randolph?问题1选项A.unchanged except among Black employees of railroad-related industriesB.reinforced by the actions of the Pullman Companys unionC.mitigated by the efforts of RandolphD.weakened by the opening up of many unions to Black workers问题2选项A.sympathy with attempts by the Brotherhood between 1925 and 1935 to establish an independent unionB.concern that the obstacles faced by Randolph between 1925 and 1935 were indeed formidableC.ambivalence about the significance of unions to most Black workers in the 1920sD.appreciation of the attitude of many Black workers in the 1920s toward unions问题3选项A.Few porters ever joined this union.B.Some porters supported this union before 1935.C.Porters, more than other Pullman employees, enthusiastically supported this union.D.The porters response was most positive after 1935.问题4选项A.It would have been more difficult for the Pullman Company to have had a single labor policy.B.It would have been more difficult for the Brotherhood to control its channels of communication.C.It would have been more difficult for the Brotherhood to build its membership.D.It would have been easier for the Pullman Companys union to attract membership.问题5选项A.The steps he took to initiate the founding of the Brotherhood.B.His motivation for bringing the Brotherhood into the American Federation of Labor.C.The influence he had on the passage of legislation overturning race restrictions in 1944.D.The influence he had on the passage of legislation to bar companies from financing their own unions.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】According to the passage, by 1935 the skepticism of Black workers toward unions was _. 根据这篇文章，到1935年，黑人工人对工会的怀疑_。A. unchanged except among Black employees of railroad-related industries A. 是不变的除了铁路相关行业的黑人雇员外B. reinforced by the actions of the Pullman Companys union B. 是被普尔曼公司工会的行动加强的C. mitigated by the efforts of Randolph C. 是通过伦道夫的努力被减轻的D. weakened by the opening up of many unions to Black workers D. 是由于许多工会向黑人工人开放而被削弱的【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段最后“伦道夫在这场斗争中的努力帮助改变了黑人工人对工会和他们自己作为一个可识别群体的态度；最后，伦道夫帮助削弱了工会对黑人工人的敌对情绪（Randolph helped to weaken organized labors antagonism toward Black workers）。”这种敌对情绪的削弱可以推断黑人对工会的怀疑态度被削弱。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项“是不变的除了铁路相关行业的黑人雇员外”，根据推断