2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷100（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 填空题13. We are having some（1） with the machine that we imported （2）Japan last year. It has（3） down twice already. Each time we have（4） to ask a technician to come to Beijing to（5） it. The good news is that our technicians have （6）completed their training in Tokyo. The next time we have a（7） , we wont need to send for a Japanese specialist.句意:我们去年从日本进口的这台机器正有些故障。它已经发生过两次故障了。 每次故障发生时，我们都不得不让日方派技术员来北京修理它。好消息是我们自己的 技术员己经结束了他们在东京的培训。下次该机器再有故障时，我们就不需要邀请日本专家了。【答案】1.trouble2.from3.broken4.had5.repair6.already7.breakdown【解析】1.固定搭配。Have trouble with 有故障。2.固定搭配。imported from从进口。3.固定搭配。break down损坏，分解，发生故障，分词为broken down。4.固定搭配。Have to 不得不。have后加动词过去分词表完成时态，故这里应填had。5.语义题。修理用repair。6.语义题。Have already 已经。7.语义题。have a breakdown 损坏,出故障。2. 填空题People are often （1）when they see that I have five umbrellas in the room.The truth is that they arent all mine. Several visitors have （2）umbrellas in the office. I dont know why this（3） happening. Maybe I should put up a （4）by the door reminding them to take their umbrellas when they go.大意: 当他们看见房间里有5把伞的时候，通常会感到困惑。真相是，不是所有的雨伞都是我的。很多来访者遗留到办公室的。我不知道为什么一直会这样。也许，我应该 在门口贴张便利贴，以提醒他们走的时候带上雨伞。【答案】1.puzzled2.left3.keeps4.note【解析】1.词汇题。根据句中 “当他们看见房间里有5把伞的时候”推测, 主句部分为: 人们通常感到困惑。2.词汇题。句意: 很多来访者遗留到办公室的。而且此处应填动词的过去分词,即left。3.词汇题。句意:为什么这件事总在发生。空后为happening，因此填keep语义跟语法上都符合。4.词汇题。根据后面的reminding them to take their umbrellas when they go以及前面的put up推测此处应填note (便利贴)。3. 单选题The scientists were very frustrating as they tried again and again to use the mechanical arm to pick up the smooth, slippery object from the bottom of the sea and bring it into the vessel.问题1选项A.were very frustratingB.as theyC.again and againD.bring it into the vessel.E.没有问题【答案】A【解析】形容词误用。frustrating改为frustrated。frustrated：挫败的，泄气的，符合句意。frustrating：令人沮丧的。4. 填空题My daughter is rather （1）to air pollution, so we make sure that she wears a （2）when she goes to school in the morning, （3）on days when the air quality index is bad. Thats something we unfailingly check on line while were eating breakfast.【答案】1.vulnerable;2.mask;3.especially/particularly【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空为固定搭配。Be vulnerable (to) 易遭受。2.语义题。第二空前面有一个a，因此此处应填名词, 结合句意可知mask(口罩)合适。3.语义题。第三空后面on days.是修饰句子she wears a mask的时间状语，所以此处填入一个副词起修饰作用，故particularly “尤其”符合句意。5. 单选题1. In recent months many aggrieved parties in France have taken to the barricades to protest reforms intended to make the countrys economy more competitive; perhaps most unlikely of these were the “notaries”. This special class of lawyers, who oversee most commercial transactions and maintain official registers of property, were objecting to some modest pruning of the thicket of regulation surrounding their job. In Italy too the government has provoked outrage by attempting to trim the rules of the profession. The row about even minor changes to a highly protected business shows why structural reform is so slow in some of Europes biggest economies.2. In America the main job of notaries is to certify documents, mundane work that requires few qualifications. In France and Italy, however, as in much of continental Europe, valuable assets (houses, companies, shares and so on) cannot change hands without a notarys approval. Entry to the profession is by a rigorous exam- The number of notaries is restricted, as is the region in which they can work; some of their fees are fixed too.3. In France there are also rules about who can own notary firms (notaries, of course) andwho else can work in them (not lawyers, accountants or other professionals). Aptly, a firm of notaries can only change hands with the approval of the professional association that all notaries belong to. In Germany, notaries must read all documents aloud in front of the parties concerned before signing them, tying them up with string and sealing them with red wax. (Once home, they apply leeches and read by candlelight.)4. All these regulations add to costs and shelter notaries from competition, making the profession very lucrative. In 2010 the average self-employed French notary earned 190,812 ($265,309). In Italy, the figure in 2013 was 210,400. The average profit margin of French notaries in 2010 was 35%. These costs are bome, naturally, by those buying and selling assets, particularly housing. The OECD, a club mostly of rich countries found in 2009 that legal fees added 1% to the bill for buying a home in France and 2% in Italy, compared to just 0.25% in Britain. Between 1981 and 2011, as French property prices surged, fees paid on housing transactions, which account for half of notaries revenues, rose by 68%. That was despite the increased use of technology, which has helped to drive down notaries costs.5. The French reform paves the way for an increase in the number of notaries in certain parts of France. It also makes their fees more transparent. Better yet, notaries will be allowed to open practices with accountants and lawyers in a bid to provide a one-stop- shop for clients, which should help to lower transaction costs. But the law that included these measures was so controversial that the government did not risk putting it to a vote in the National Assembly; instead, it pushed it through by decree.6. In Italy, successive governments have chipped away at notaries privileges. Since 2006, for example, it has been possible to buy a used car without recourse to one. In 2012 the government of the day abolished fixed minimum fees. This, plus a slump in transactions, has cut their earnings: in 2008 their average income was 440,800. The current government wants to go further, allowing notaries to practice anywhere in Italy rather than in a designated region. It also hopes to abolish the arrangement whereby notaries pool their income to ensure a minimum for everyone-a system that dampens the incentive to compete. More dramatically, it would permit mere lawyers to sign off on certain transactions that are currently the exclusive preserve of notaries, such as the sale of non-residential properties worth less than 1000,000 and the registration of particular types of companies.7. Notaries argue that allowing transactions to take place without their oversight will increase the risk of fraud. The World Bank, after all, considers Italys system of property registration superior to Britains or Germanys. It is a terrible place to enforce contracts in court, however, as would be necessary if lawyers took over from notaries. In a country in which there are so many things to change, says Eliana Marandi, an Italian notary who has also worked in American /it is irrational to start with the one thing that works.”8. But there are good reasons to fret about high transaction costs. An OECD study published in 2011 found that high legal fees on home purchases acted as a significant disincentive to moving. The report suggested that even small reductions in such costs would encourage greater mobility, which might help the jobless to find work. With unemployment at 10.2% in France and 12.6% in Italy, that sounds like a reform everyone should support.1.The author of this article, commenting on the recent political activity of Fench notaries,（ ）2.If we accept the information in the article, then we must conclude that（ ）3.The authors attitude towards the traditional rules governing the work of European notaries（ ）4.The data in the article（ ）5.The one-stop shop” mentioned in paragraph 5（ ）6.The article mentions unemployment figures in France and Italy（ ）7.A British reader of this article would be likely to（ ）问题1选项A.is not surprised that they would join other professional groups supporrting economic reforms.B.is not surprised that they would work with other groups to oppose economic reforms.C.is clearly astonished that such people are refusing to support the economic reforms that the author regards as necessary for France.D.seems mildly surprised at first that they would become involved in this sort of public opposition to economic reforms.问题2选项A.American and German notaries have similar roles that distinguish them sharply from French and Italian notaries.B.notaries in all the countries mentioned perform the same jobs and fulfill the same functions.C.notaries in the US have a much more limited range of functions than do notaries in of western Europe.D.French and Italian notaries are much more up to date than their counterparts elsewhere问题3选项A.is sceptical but at the same time amused or humorous.B.is sharply critical, even angryC.is largely approvingD.is impartial; the author does not take sides in these quarrels over reform问题4选项A.indicate that the average European notary has a modest income, though some earn huge sums.B.show that French and Italian notaries make a lot of money, though less than they did a fewyears ago.C.are insufficient to show anything very clear about the average income of French or Italian notaries.D.show why notaries contribute so greatly to the growth of European economies.问题5选项A.means a place where clients can obtain all the information they need about the services provided by notaries.B.means the new arrangements in France that require notaries and lawyers to work together.C.refers to the fact that all of the reforms affecting notaries were included in a single comprehensive act of the French National Assembly.D.refers to joint operations by notaries and lawyers permitted under new French laws.问题6选项A.as background information underlining the urgency of efforts to make it cheaper for people without jobs to move to new locations.B.to criticize the selfishness of well-paid lawyers and notaries in those countries.C.to support the claim that lowering the cost of commercial transactions will damage the economies of these two nations.D.to show that progress has been made recently in reducing the number of jobless people.问题7选项A.favor the immediate introduction of reforms bringing British notary arrangements into conformity with those on the continent.B.feel upset that the legal fees involved in buying a house or flat are so much greater in the UK than in Italy or France.C.approve of decreasing the high legal fees on home purchases in Britain and other European countries.D.reject proposals to revise the rules on property sales along American lines.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干关键词the recent political activity of French notaries定位至第一段: “In recent months many aggrieved parties in France have taken to the barricades to protest reforms intended to make the countrys economy more competitive; perhaps most unlikely of these were the “notaries”. This special class of lawyers, who oversee most commercial transactions and maintain official registers of property, were objecting to some modest pruning of the thicket of regulation surrounding their job, 由此可见作者本以为抗议人群中不会有公证员，可事实是，这群公证员正在其中进行反抗。故选C项: 作者感到非常惊讶， 因为这群公证员正在拒绝支持经济改革，而作者将此改革视为法国的必需品。2.推理判断题。A项“美国和德国的公证员角色相似，和法国和意大利的公证员截然不同”，通过选项信息，可以定位到原文第二段中“In America the main job of notaries is to certify documents, mundane work that requires few qualifications. In France and Italy, however, as in much of continental Europe, valuable assets （houses, companies, shares and so on） cannot change hands without a notarys approval. Entry to the profession is by a rigorous exam大意为： 美国的公证员的主要工作是开证明文件和一些寻常的工作，不需要什么资格要求。但是，和许多欧洲大陆一样，在法国和意大利，没有公证员的批准，那些有价值的资产（如房子，公司，股票等）都是不能转手的，而且需要严格的职业入门考试。以及第三段中“In Germany, notaries must read all documents aloud in front of the parties concerned before signing them, tying them up with string and sealing them with red wax.”大意为：在德国，公证员必须在签约之前，向合同双方大声阅读所有文件，而且用绳子拴好文件并用红蜡加封。因此，美国和德国的公证员的工作角色并不相似，即A项和B项“上述国家的公证员做同样的工作，完成相同的职责”都可以排除。根据上述对美国公证员的工作职责的描述，可知C项“比起欧洲国家，美国公证员的职责有更多的局限”正确。D项“相较于其他国家，法国和意大利的公证员更为新潮”，无法推测此内容，故排除。因此选C。3.态度方向题。题干：关于管理欧洲公证员工作的传统规则，作者认为 。根据文章中上下文之间的态度关系可以判断，对于 欧洲公证员的工作传统规则保持消极的态度。4.推理判断题。文章关于数据的内容集中在第四段: In 2010 the average self-employed French notary earned 190,812 ($265,309). In Italy, the figure in 2013 was 210,400. The average profit margin of French notaries in 2010 was 35% (2010年，自雇的法国公证员挣了 190,812英 镑。在意大利，2013年的数据是210,400英镑。2010年的法国公证员的平均利润率是35%)。因此A项(尽管总量很大，但是欧洲的公证员赚得不多)与原文不符。第四段第一句说道“making the profession very lucrative”，说明在法国,这个职业非常挣钱,因此B项“尽管，比多年前要挣得少，但是法国和意大利公证员还是挣了很多钱”正确。同时可排除C项: 数据不足以非常清楚地体现法国和意大利平均收入情况。而D项“表明公证员对于欧洲经济的增长有很大贡献的原因”在原文中找不到依据,故排除。5.推理判断题。根据题干定位至第五段: Better yet, notaries will be allowed to open practices with accountants and lawyers in a bid to provide a one-stop- shop for clients, which should help to lower transaction costs（更好的是，为了给客户提供一站式的服务，在投标中，允许公证员与会计师、律师开展业务往来，这应该帮助客户降低交易费用）。因此“one-stop-shop”应该 是帮助客户降低交易成本的，也就是避免一些无谓的费用产生。故选A: 指一个地方，在这里，关于 公证员所提供的服务，客户能获得他们需要的所有资料。6.作者意图题。题干：文章谈及法国和意大利的失业数据。最后一段: The report suggested that even small reductions in such costs would encourage greater mobility, which might help the jobless to find work. With unemployment at 10.2% in France and 12.6% in Italy, that sounds like a reform everyone should support (报告指出，即使交易k本有小幅的降低， 它也能促使更大的流通性，这可以帮助没有工作的人找到工作。法国的失业率是10.2%,意大利是12.6%,这听起来好像每个人都应该支持这个改革)。由此看出,文章谈及两国的失业率的数据，是为了说明该项改革（成本 降低）的利处一一可能帮助没有工作的人找到工作。故选A: 作为背景信息，（目的是为了）强调应努力使无工作的人找到新岗位所付出更低成本的紧迫 性。7.推理判断题。题干：一位英国读者读这篇文章，可能会。最后一段指出: An OECD study published in 2011 found that high legal fees on home purchases acted as a significant disincentive to moving. The report suggested that even small reductions in such costs would encourage greater mobility, which might help the jobless to find work.”大意是：OECD （经济合作与发展组织）2011年发布的一项研宄发现，购房高费率成为了一个严重抑制流通的因素。报告指出，即使交易成本小幅的降低，它也能促使更大的流通性，这可以帮助没有工作的人找到工作。因此，可推断正确答案为C项:赞成在英国和其他欧洲国家降低高购房 法律费用。6. 单选题1. In the past few years, even as the US has pulled out of the Great Recession of 2008, some economists and technologists have warned that the economy is near a tipping point. When they examine labor-market data, they see troubling signs, masked for now by a cyclical recovery. They see automation high and low robots in the operating room and behind the fast-food counter. They imagine self-driving cars and Amazon delivery drones dotting the sky, replacing millions of drivers, warehouse Stockers and sales workers. They observe that the capabilities of machines continue to grow exponentially, while our own remain the same. And they wonder: Is any job truly safe?2. Science-fiction writers have at times looked forward to the takeover of the workplace by machines. They imagine the disappearance of drudgery and its replacement by greater leisure and almost limitless personal freedom. If the capabilities of computers continue to multiply while theprice of computing continues to fall, that will mean a great many of lifes necessities and luxuries will become ever cheaper, and it will mean great wealth for some.3. But the widespread disappearance of work would open the way for a social transformation unlike any weve seen. Saving work may be more important than saving any particular job. Industriousness has served as Americas unofficial religion since its founding. The sanctity and preeminence of work lie at the heart of the countrys politics, economics and social interactions. What might happen if work goes away?4. The US labor force has been shaped by technological progress. Agricultural technology gave birth to the farming industry, the industrial revolution moved people into factories, and then globalization and automation moved them back out, giving rise to a service economy. But through all these changes, the total number of jobs always increased. What may be looming is an era of technological unemployment in which the inventions of computer scientists and software engineers shrink the total number of jobs permanently.5. The hope that machines might free us from toil has always been mixed with the fear that they will rob us of our agency. In the midst of the Great Depression, the British economist JM Keynes forecast that by 2030 technological progress would allow a 15-hour workweek, and abundant leisure. But around the same time, US President Hoover also received a letter warning that industrial technology was a “monster” that threatened to upend manufacturing, “devouring our civilization”. These hopes and fears were revisited with particular urgency during the 1960s, as the computer revolution took shape.6. According to Peter Frase, the author of Four Futures, a new book about how automation will change America, work is really three things the means by which the economy produces goods, the means by which people earn income, and an activity that lends meaning or purpose to many peoples lives. “We tend to confuse these things,” he told me, “because today we need to pay people to keep the lights on, so to speak. But in a future of abundance, you wouldnt, and we ought to think about ways to make it easier not to be employed.”7. Frase belongs to a small group of writers, academics and economists who welcome the end of labor. US society has “an irrational belief in work for works sake,” says Benjamin Hunnicutt, another of this group and a historian at the University of Iowa, “even though most jobs arent very uplifting.” A 2014 Gallup report on worker satisfaction found that as many as 70 percent of Americans dont feel engaged by their current job. Hunnicutt told me that if a cashiers work were a video game, critics of video games might call it mindless. But when its a “job”，politicians praise its intrinsic dignity. “Purpose，meaning, creativity, autonomy - all these things that psychology has shown to be necessary for well-being are absent in the average job，” he said.8. These thinkers are certainly right about some important things. Paid labor does not always correlate neatly with social good. Raising children and caring for the sick are essential work, yet these jobs are compensated poorly or not at all. In a post-work society, Hunnicutt said, people might spend more time caring for their families and neighbors: our sense of personal worth could come from our relationships rather than from our careers. The post-work proponents agree that even in the best post-work scenarios, pride and jealousy will remain, even in an economy of abundance. But with the right government arrangements, they believe, the end of wage labor will allow for a golden age of well-being. Hunnicutt thinks colleges could reemerge as cultural centers rather than job-preparation institutions. The word school, he pointed out, comes from skhole the ancient Greek word for “leisure”. “We used to teach people how to be free,” he said. “Now we teach them how to work.”9. Hunnicutts vision doesnt resemble the world currently experienced by most jobless people. Few of them spend their downtime socializing with friends or taking up new hobbies. Instead they watch TV or sleep. Time-use surveys show that jobless people in their thirties and forties dedicate some of the time once spent working to cleaning and childcare. But men in particular devote most of their free time to leisure: watching television, browsing the internet, and sleeping. Retired seniors watch about 50 hours of television a week. The unemployed theoretically have the most time to socialize, yet studies show that they feel the most social isolation.10. Most people want to work and are miserable when they cannot. People who lose their job are more likely to suffer from mental and physical ailments. “There is a loss of status, a general depressive feeling, which affects the body or the mind or both,” says Ralph Catalano, a public-health professor at UC Berkeley. Research shows that it is harder to recover from a long period of j