2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第39期

2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The lawyer promised to go to great to defend him.问题1选项A.lengthsB.measuresC.effortsD.endeavors【答案】A【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项lengths n.长度（指距离，时间）；B选项measures n.方法，对策；C选项efforts n.努力；D选项endeavor n.努力，尽力。go to great lengths 表示“竭尽全力；不遗余力”，因此，正确答案是A项。句意：律师向他保证会竭尽全力为他辩护。2. 单选题They were_in their scientific research, not knowing what happened just outside their lab.问题1选项A.submergedB.drownedC.immersedD.dipped【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项submerge“淹没”；B选项drown“淹没，溺死”；C选项immerse“使浸没于，(使)深陷于，沉浸在”；D选项dip“浸，(使)下降，下沉”。be immersed in为固定搭配，表示“专心(埋头)于”。句意：他们沉浸在科学研究中，不知道实验室外发生了什么。3. 单选题Americans are people obsessed with child-rearing. In their books, magazines, talk shows, parent training courses, White House conferences, and chats over the back fence, they endlessly debate the best ways to raise children. Moreover, Americans do more than debate their theories; they translate them into action. They erect playgrounds for the youngsters pleasure, equip large schools for their education, and train skilled specialists for their welfare. Whole industries in America are devoted to making children happy, healthy and wise.But this interest in childhood is relatively new. In fact, until very recently people considered childhood just a brief, unimportant prelude to adulthood and the real business of living. By and large, they either ignored children, beat them, or fondled them carelessly, much as we would amuse ourselves with a lot of puppies. When they gave serious thought to children at all, people either conceived of them as miniature adults or as peculiar, unformed animals.Down through the ages the experiences of childhood have been as varied as its duration. Actions that would have provoked a beating in one era elicit extra loving care in another. Babies who have been nurtured exclusively by their mothers in one epoch are left with day-care workers in another. In some places children have been trained to straddle unsteady canoes, negotiate treacherous mountain passes, and carry heavy bundles on their heads. In other places they have been taught complicated piano concerti and long multiplication tables.But diverse as it has been, childhood has one common experience at its core and that is the social aspect of nurture. All children need adults to bring them up. Because human young take so long to become independent, we think that civilization may have grown up around the need to feed and protect them. Certainly, from the earliest days of man, adults have made provision for the children in their midst.1. The present day American obsession with child-rearing has（）.2. Children in the past were ill-treated or petted because they were（）.3. How have childhood experiences varied?4. According to the author, children（）.5. What is the authors attitude to developments in the perception of childhood?问题1选项A.resulted in ineffectual actionB.initiated pointless discussionsC.had wide-ranging resultsD.produced endless theories问题2选项A.ignorant of adult lifeB.seen as uninterestingC.considered of no importanceD.conceived of as having animal natures问题3选项A.Children have been alternately beaten and loved through the ages.B.There have been differences in child rearing in different epochs.C.Parents have increasingly taken control of their childrens nurturing.D.In some places physical training has given way to encouraging creativity.问题4选项A.need intensive adult nurturingB.are the instigators of civilizationC.remain physically dependent until adulthoodD.have common social experiences问题5选项A.CynicalB.IndifferentC.PositiveD.Neutral【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.考查细节事实题。文章第一段介绍了美国人对于幼儿教育的态度，根据原文“Moreover, Americans do more than debate their theories; they translate them into action.”可知，美国人不仅仅辩论他们的理论，而且也采取行动。因此，C项had wide-ranging results“有广泛的结果”符合题意，故本题选C。2.考查细节事实题。根据文章第二段中的In fact, until very recently people considered childhood just a brief, unimportant prelude to adulthood and the real business of living.可知，事实上，不久前人们只把儿童时期看作是一个简短且不重要的人生阶段。直到现在，幼儿教育才开始引起重视。因此，C项为正确答案。3.考查细节事实题。根据文章第三段Down through the ages the experiences of childhood have been as varied as its duration. Actions that would have provoked a beating in one era elicit extra loving care in another可知，不同时期的大人们在抚养儿童上的态度和方法上也会不同。因此，B项为正确答案。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Because human youngtake so long to become independent,we think that civilization may have grown up around the need to feed and protect them可知，文化的进步源于对孩子的培养和保护，所以，孩子在一定程度上推动了文化的进步。因此，B项为正确答案。5.观点态度题。文章主要讲述了美国人对孩子的教育由从以前的不重视转为现在的非常重视，并且采取了一系列的相关措施。因此，作者对这一转变持有积极的态度。A项为讽刺的，B项为漠视的，C项为积极的，D项为中立的。因此，C项为正确答案。4. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English.我崇拜朝气，喜欢自由，赞美胆量大的，精力强的。一个人行为或精神上有朝气，不在蝇头小利上打算计较，不拘泥于物质攫取与人世毁誉；他能挺起脊梁，坚持走自己的路，他所学的或同我所学的完全是两样东西，他的政治思想或与我的极其相反，他的宗教信仰或与我的格格不入，那不碍事，我仍然觉得他是个朋友，这是个人。我喜欢这种人，也尊敬这种人。这种人也许粗鲁了一点，但一切伟大事业伟大作品就只有这类人才有份，他不可避免会失败，但决不会轻易放弃。【答案】I worship vitality and freedom, and I admire the plucky and the strong in heart. A person who is full of vitality in behavior and spirit would be neither concerned with petty profits nor constrained by the material prosperity and reputation. He can be upright and insist on his own way. Though what he has learnt is totally different from that of mine, as well as political thoughts and religious belief, all of these do not matter. I still consider him as my friend and a real man. I like him and also respect his kind of person. Maybe they are a little rude, but only this kind of men can accomplish great works and cause. Inevitably, he may be fail, but he will never give up easily.5. 单选题In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed _in Chicago and New York City.问题1选项A.homogeneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD.harmoniously【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项homogeneously“同质地，同类地”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项spontaneously“自发地，自然地”；D选项harmoniously“和谐地”。根据 Chicago and New York City可推测在过去的十年时间里，高楼大厦应是同时在这两个城市耸立，因此选B。句意：在过去的十年里，芝加哥和纽约的高楼大楼同时耸立起来。6. 单选题Many of his arguments have no pertinence to the subject under discussion.问题1选项A.significanceB.valueC.relevanceD.enlightenment【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项significance n.重要性，意义；B选项value n.价值，重要性；C选项 relevance n.关联，适当，中肯；D选项enlightenment n.启迪，启蒙运动。句意表明：他的很多观点都与正在讨论的议题无关。因此本题选择C项。7. 单选题Are you aware that you actually possess six senses? The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform. For example, when you reach for an object, the sensory nerves linking the muscles to the brain stop your hand at the correct spot. This automatic perception of the position of your muscles in relation to the object is your muscular sense in action.Muscles are stringy bundles of fibers varying from one five-thousandth of an inch to about three inches. They have three unique characteristics; they can become shorter and thicker; they can stretch; and they can retract to their original positions. Under a high-powered microscope, muscle tissue is seen as long, slender cells with a grainy texture like wood.More than half of a persons body is composed of muscle fibers, most of which are involuntary in other words, work without conscious direction. The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular actions, number more than five hundred. Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman cant lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man.1. Intelligent use of the muscles means that（）.2. According to the selection, more than half of a persons body is composed of（）.3. An average woman is weaker than an average man because she has （）.4. It is implied but not stated that（） .5. According to the selection, the muscular sense is responsible for （）.问题1选项A.one always knows what his muscles are doingB.one performs simple actions without workingC.ones muscles are used only to the extent necessary for each action they performD.one improves muscular action consciously问题2选项A.voluntary musclesB.muscle fibersC.involuntary fibersD.sensory nerves问题3选项A.more voluntary muscles than an average manB.only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle for her body massC.60 to 70 percent less muscle for her body massD.less muscle fiber for her body weight问题4选项A.the muscular sense is more important than any other sensesB.muscular sense involves automatic perceptionC.there are many more than 500 involuntary muscles in the bodyD.muscle tissue is inflexible问题5选项A.the efficiency of our musclesB.the normal breathing functionC.directing our muscles intelligentlyD.the work of only our involuntary muscles【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第二句The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform.可知，第六感是一种肌肉感觉，可智能地精准控制人体活动。因此，C项是正确答案。2.细节事实题。题意：根据原文，人类身体超过一半的组织是由什么构成的？根据原文第三段第一句：More than half of a persons body is composed of muscle fibers.可知，人体超过一半的组织是由muscle fibers（肌肉纤维）构成。因此，正确答案为B项。3.细节事实题。根据原文第三段Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman cant lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man. 可知，女性比正常男性力气小是因为女性身体内肌肉含量仅为男性的60-70%。因此，B项为正确答案。4.推理判断题。本文并未说明也未暗示肌肉感觉比其他感官重要，因此A选项错误。根据原文最后一段The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular action, number more than five hundred.可知，C选项与原文意思相反，故C项错误。D选项说肌肉组织是不可弯曲的，与原文不符，故排除。因此，B选项是正确答案。5.细节事实题。由文章第一段The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently.可知，肌肉感官的作用是directing your muscles intelligently，因此，本题正确答案为C项。8. 单选题I think that I committed a_in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.问题1选项A.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项blunder“愚蠢(或粗心)的错误”；B选项revenge“报仇，报复”；C选项reproach“责备，责骂”；D选项scandal“丑闻，丑行”。根据because引导的原因状语从句可知A选项符合语义。句意：我想我问她的时候犯了个错误，因为她似乎对我的问题很不高兴。9. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.Mans youth is a wonderful thing: it is so full of anguish and of magic and he never comes to know it as it is, until it has gone from him forever.It is the thing he cannot bear to lose; it is the thing whose passing he watches with infinite sorrow and regret; it is the thing whose loss he must lament forever; it is the thing whose loss he really welcomes with a sad and secret joy; the thing would never willingly relive again, could it be restored to him by any magic.【答案】人的青春美妙绝伦，虽满是痛楚，但魅力无限。年少时不了解青春为何物，当其永逝，方才幡然大悟。青春的逝去令人百般不舍，目睹其渐行渐远，难免触目伤怀，悔不当初。但青春不再却又着实让人悲喜交加。可即便奇迹出现，时光倒流，却也无人情愿重度那段青春岁月。10. 单选题Only sovereign states are able to make treaties.问题1选项A.constitutionalB.powerfulC.legitimateD.independent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项constitutional adj.宪法的，本质的；B选项powerful adj.强大的，有力的；C选项 legitimate adj.合法的，正当的；D选项independent adj.独立的，单独的，无党派的。根据题意可知，只有主权独立的国家才能制定条约，因此本题选择D项。11. 单选题Because we will never agree about this, any further discussion is（）.问题1选项A.discernibleB.heedlessC.futileD.reflective【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项为“可辨别的，可识别的”；B选项为“不注意的，不留心的”；C选项为“无效的，无用的”；D选项为“反射的；反映的；深思熟虑的”。根据“never agree about this”可知，因为我们在这件事上总不能意见一致，所以可知进一步讨论是没有用。因此正确答案为C选项。12. 单选题To develop light industry in a big way（）to improving the peoples livelihood.问题1选项A.owesB.attributesC.distributesD.contributes【答案】D【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项owes to.归功于，因为B选项attributes to把归功于；C选项 distributes to分销，分发给；D选项contributes to对有贡献，有好处。根据句意可知，大力发展轻工业有利于提高人民生活水平，因此D项正确。13. 单选题Chris told us to hand inour term paper next Monday.问题1选项A.to write our paper by handB.to submitC.to correctD.to proof-read【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。题目中hand in表示“提交，递交；呈送；上交”，A选项为“手写论文”；B选项为“提交；呈送”；C选项为“改正”；D选项表示“校对”。句意：克丽丝告诉我们，下周一要交学期论文。因此，根据句意可知正确答案是B选项。14. 单选题Singer and entertainer,（）for his beautiful and expressive voice.问题1选项A.was Frank Sinatra famousB.famous was Frank SinatraC.Frank Sinatra was famousD.was famous Frank Sinatra【答案】C【解析】考查同位语。句意：法兰克辛纳屈，一个歌手及演员，他因美妙且富有表现力的声音而闻名。在句子中singer and entertainer是对Frank Sinatra的同位语解释。根据短语结构be famous for表示“因而闻名”可知，本题正确答案为C项。15. 单选题Doctors usually try to the gravity of illness if a patient is found to have cancer.问题1选项A.specializeB.illuminateC.elevateD.minimize【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项specialize v.专门从事，详细说明；B选项illuminate v.阐明，说明；C选项elevate v.提升，举起，振奋；D选项minimize v.最小化，使减到最小。根据句意可知，如果病人查出得了癌症，医生总是尽量把病情说得轻一些。因此，正确答案为D项。16. 单选题For many patients, institutional care is the most_and beneficial form of care.问题1选项A.pertinentB.appropriateC.acuteD.persistent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pertinent“（说话，话题等）切题的，（意见，建议等）相关的”；B选项appropriate“恰当的，适当的”；C选项acute“十分严重的，(疾病)急性的，灵敏的”；D选项persistent“持久的，持续的”。句意：对许多病人来说，机构护理是最适当和最有益的护理形式。17. 单选题Having had her as a professor and an adviser, I can tell you that she is an_force who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations.问题1选项A.inspirationalB.educationalC.excessiveD.instantaneous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inspirational“启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的”；B选项educational“教育的，有教育意义的”；C选项excessive“过度的，极度的”；D选项instantaneous“立即的，立刻的”。根据pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations可知A选项符合语义。句意：有她作为教授和顾问，我可以告诉你，她有一种鼓舞人心的力量，推动她的学生超越自己的期望。18. 单选题Superconductors lose electrical resistance only_subjected to intense cold.问题1选项A.throughB.whenC.asD.by【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句的省略。在表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等从句中，当从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，谓语含有动词be时，从句中的主语和谓语可以省略。从句可以还原为when superconductors are subjected to intense cold，因此选D。句意：超导体只有在严寒下才会失去电阻。19. 单选题It is due to the invention of the computer that man has been able to work so many. A case _ is the successful launching of space shuttle.问题1选项A.in pointB.in questionC.in a wayD.in brier【答案】A【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项in point相关的，恰当的；B选项in question讨论中的，有问题的；C选项in a way从某种程度上，有点儿；D选项in brief简言之。因此，根据句意可知，正是电脑的发明才使得人们在过去的几年中创造了这么多的奇迹，一个恰当的例子就是航天飞机的成功发射。故A项是正确答案。20. 单选题National and international（）is indispensable if victory is to be achieved.问题1选项A.sociologyB.isolationC.solidarityD.solo【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项sociology n.社会学；B选项isolation n.隔离，孤立；C选项 solidarity n.团结，团结一致；D选项solon.独奏，独唱曲。句意：如果要取得胜利，国家和国际力量的团结必不可少。因此只有C项符合句意和搭配。