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人教八年级(下)Units 12单元重点回顾类别课标考点要求重点单词1.matter(n.)问题；事情2.stomachache(n.)胃痛；腹痛3.foot(n.)脚；足4.neck(n.)颈；脖子5.stomach(n.)胃；腹部6.throat(n.)咽喉；喉咙7.fever(n.)发烧8.lie(v.)躺；平躺9.rest(v.& n.)放松；休息10.cough(n.& v.)咳嗽11.toothache(n.)牙痛12.headache(n.)头痛13.break(n.)间歇；休息14.hurt(v.)(使)疼痛；受伤15.passenger(n.)乘客；旅客16.trouble(n.)问题；苦恼17.hit(v.)(用手或器具)击；打18.herself(pron.)(she的反身代词)她自己19.sick(adj.)生病的；有病的20.knee(n.)膝；膝盖21.ourselves(pron.)(we的反身代词)我们自己22.climber(n.)登山者；攀登者23.risk(n.& v.)危险；风险；冒险24.situation(n.)情况；状况25.rock(n.)岩石26.knife(n.)刀27.blood(n.)血28.mean(v.)意思是；打算；意欲29.importance(n.)重要性；重要30.decision(n.)决定；抉择31.control(n.& v.)限制；约束；管理32.spirit(n.)勇气；意志33.death(n.)死；死亡34.nurse(n.)护士35.cheer(v.)欢呼；喝彩36.volunteer(v.)义务做；自愿做(n.)志愿者37.sign(n.)标志；信号38.notice(n.)通知；通告；注意(v.)注意到；意识到39.lonely(adj.)孤独的；寂寞的40.several(pron.)几个；数个；一些41.strong(adj.)强烈的；强壮的42.feeling(n.)感觉；感触43.satisfaction(n.)满足；满意44.joy(n.)高兴；愉快45.owner(n.)物主；主人46.journey(n.)(尤指长途)旅行；行程47.raise(v.)募集；征集48.alone(adv.)独自；单独49.repair(v.)修理；修补50.fix(v.)修理；安装51.broken(adj.)破损的；残缺的52.wheel(n.)车轮；轮子53.letter(n.)信；函54.disabled(adj.)丧失能力的；有残疾的55.blind(adj.)瞎的；失明的56.deaf(adj.)聋的57.imagine(v.)想象；设想58.difficulty(n.)困难；难题59.open(v.)开；打开60.door(n.)门61.carry(v.)拿；提；扛62.train(v.)训练；培训63.excited(adj.)激动的；兴奋的64.kindness(n.)仁慈；善良65.clever(adj.)聪明的；聪颖的66.understand(v.)理解；领会67.change(v.& n.)变化；改变68.interest(n.)兴趣；关注(v.)使感兴趣；使关注词性转换1.stomachache(n.)胃痛；腹痛stomach(n.) 胃2.foot(n.)脚；足feet(复数)3.lie(v.)躺；平躺lying(现在分词)lay(过去式)lain(过去分词)4.hurt(v.)(使)疼痛；受伤hurt(过去式/过去分词)5.herself(pron.)她自己themselves她们自己6.hit(v.)击；打hitting(现在分词)hit(过去式/过去分词)7.knife(n.)刀knives(复数 )8.important(adj.)重要的importance(n.)重要性；重要9.decision(n.)决定decide(v.)决定10.death (n.)死亡die(v.)死dead(adj.)死的；死亡的dying(adj.)要死的11.feeling(n.)感觉；感触feel(v.)感觉；感到felt(过去式/过去分词)12.satisfaction(n.)满足；满意satisfy(v.)满意satisfied(adj.)满意的13.broken(adj.)破损的；残缺的break(v.) 坏；打破broke(过去式)broken(过去分词)14.difficulty(n.)困难；难题difficult(adj.)困难的15.interest(v.& n.)使感兴趣；使关注interested(adj.)感兴趣的interesting(adj.)有趣的重点短语1.发烧/咳嗽/感冒/流鼻血have a fever/cough/cold/nosebleed2.患流感have the flu3.头痛/牙痛/胃疼have a headache/toothache/stomachache 4.冒险take risks/take a risk5.量体温take ones temperature 6.下车get off7.上车 get on8.使惊讶的是；出乎的意料to ones surprise 9.遇上麻烦；处于困境get into trouble 10.掌管；管理be in control of11.用尽；耗尽run out (of)12.及时in time 13.幸亏；由于thanks to14.作出决定(做某事)make a decision (to do sth.) decide (to do sth.)15.对做感兴趣be interested in doing sth.16.考虑做某事think about doing sth.17.放弃做某事give up doing sth.18.(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来cheer up19.分发；散发give out20.想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)come up with 21.推迟put off22.张贴；搭建；举起put up 23.分发hand out24.曾经；过去used to25.在岁的时候at the age of26.同时at the same time27.担忧；担心worry aboutbe worried about 28.(外貌或行为)像take after29.赠送；捐赠give away30.与相似be similar to31.建起；设立set up32.影响；有作用make a difference33.对感到兴奋be excited about sth.34.立刻；马上at once35.没能力做某事be unable to do sth.续表类别课标考点要求重点句子1.Whats the matter？你怎么了？I have a _sore_back_.我背痛。2._Should_ I take my temperature？我该量体温吗？3.It doesnt _sound_like_ you have a fever.听起来你不像发烧。4.You need to take breaks _away_from_ the computer.你需要远离电脑休息。5.The bus driver,24yearold Wang Ping stopped the bus _without_thinking_twice_.24岁的公交车司机王平没有多考虑就把车停了下来。6._Thanks_to_ Mr.Wang and the passengers,the man was saved by the doctors_in_time_.多亏了王先生和乘客们,医生及时挽救了那位老人。7.Someone _got_hit_on_ the head.有人撞到头了。8.As a mountain climber,Aron _is_used_to_taking_ risks.作为一名登山者,阿伦习惯了冒险。9.Aron _tells_of_ the _importance_of_ making good decisions,and of _being_in_control_of_ ones life.阿伦讲述了作出正确决定和掌管个人生命的重要性。10.They _told_ me stories _about_ the past and how things _used_to_be_.他们给我讲过去的生活经历,讲过去是什么样子的。11.I get _such_a_strong_feeling_of_satisfaction_ when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their _owners_ faces.当我看到动物们病情渐好,看到它们主人脸上的喜悦表情时,我获得了一种极强的满足感。12.She could read by herself _at_the_age_of_ four.她在四岁时就能够独自看书了。13._Volunteering_ here _is_ a dream _come_true_ for me.在这里当志愿者对我来说是梦想成真。14.You helped to _make_it_possible_for_ me _to_ have Lucky.你的帮助使得我有可能拥有“幸运儿”(狗名)。语法1.情态动词should,shouldnt与could(详见第二编P140P141)2.反身代词(详见第二编P124)3.不定式作宾语、状语和宾语补足语(详见第二编P139)4.情态动词could用于礼貌请求与允许(详见第二编P140)话题Unit 1 Health and first aid(健康与急救)Unit 2 Volunteering and charity(志愿服务与慈善)单元重难点突破expect (八下Unit 1 P3)【举例透析】He expected to hear from Mary.他期待收到玛丽的来信。(expect作动词,意为“预料；期待”。短语：期待做某事expect to_do sth. look forward to doing sth.)I expect my sister to come back early so that we can go to Jolins concert together.我期待我的姐姐早点回来以便我们能一起去听蔡依林的音乐会。(短语：期待某人做某事 expect sb.to_do sth.)They are in trouble,but I expect that they can deal with it themselves.他们正处于困境中,但是我期望他们能自己处理。(用法：expect that从句 期待) (D)1.Does he expect _ his dream this time?Yes,he looks forward to _ his dream come true.A.achieving；make B.achieving；to makeC.to achieve；to make D.to achieve；making2.(原创题)我不期望他会来我的生日聚会。I dont _expect_ that he will come to my birthday party.辨析thanks to与thanks for (八下Unit 1 P3)【举例透析】Thanks to Mr.Wang and the passengers,the doctors saved the man in time.多亏了王先生和乘客们,医生及时赶到救了那个男人。(thanks to 意为“多亏；由于；因为”, to 是介词名词)Thanks for helping me! 谢谢你帮助了我！Thanks for your help! 谢谢你的帮助！(thanks for意为“因而感谢”；for是介词名词/动词的ing形式)1.多亏了老师们的帮助,我在英语方面取得了很大的进步。_Thanks_to_the teachers help,I have made great progress in English.2.谢谢你邀请我。_Thanks_for_ _inviting_ me.辨析be used to doing,be used to do与used to (八下Unit 1 P10)【举例透析】Most students are used to getting up early on weekdays.多数学生周一到周五习惯早起。(用法：be (get/become) used to doing sth.习惯于做)His knife was used to cut off his right arm. He used his knife to cut off his right arm.他用刀切断了右臂。(用法：useto do sth.使用做某事； 其被动结构为：be used to_do sth.被用来做某事)Lisa used to play computer games for a long time.莉萨过去常常会打很久的电脑游戏。 (用法：used to do sth.过去常常做某事)(C)1.This kind of machine is used to _ bees from the cages.And the bees are now used to _ in the forest.A.free；live B.freeing；livingC.free；living D.freeing；live(D)2.He used _ to work on foot,but now he is used to _ his car.A.going；driving B.going；to driveC.to go；drive D.to go；driving(B)3.(2018武威中考)Our city is cleaner than it _ be.A.is used to B.used toC.uses to D.is usedrun out (of) (八下Unit 1 P6)【举例透析】The petrol is running out.汽油快用完了。(run out 为不及物短语,主语为物,表示某物被用完了)We ran out of the petrol.我们用完了汽油。(run out of为及物短语,主语为人,表示某人用完了某物.)(B)1.Hey,whats wrong with your new car?_.A.It runs out oilB.It has run out of oilC.The oil has run out ofD.It ran out oil2.没有工作,他的钱很快用完了。His money_ran_ _out_ soon without a job.辨析lonely与alone (八下Unit 2 P12)【举例透析】A lot of old people are lonely.很多老人很孤独。(lonely作形容词,意为“孤独的”,既可以作表语,也可以作定语,如：a lonely man)I want to travel alone.我想独自旅游。(alone 作形容词或副词,只能作表语或状语,不能作定语。be alone be all by oneself)选用lonely,alone填空。1.I live _alone_ but I dont feel _lonely_.2.Jack has few friends.He is a _lonely_ child.make it adj.for sb.to do sth. (八下Unit 2 P14)【举例透析】You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.你的帮助使得我有可能拥有“幸运儿”(狗名)。I sometimes find it difficult to communicate with him.我有时候发现跟他沟通很困难。 (句型：make/find it adj. to do sth.“使得/发现做怎么样”。在句型中, it 作形式宾语, 后面的形容词作宾语补足语, 不定式作真正的宾语。)(A)His strong will(意志) _ for him to get through the hard times in the end.A.made it possible B.made no differenceC.made it difficult D.made it easydifficulty (八下Unit 2 P14)【举例透析】He has difficulty studying Chinese.他学汉语有困难。If you have any difficulties,give me a call.如果你有任何困难,给我打电话。(difficulty既可作可数名词“各种困难、难题、难事”,又可作不可数名词“艰辛；费劲”；短语：have difficulty doing sth.做某事有困难) Everyone may have difficulty _answering_(answer) such difficult questions.高频话题写作指导志愿者活动话题解读志愿者活动现在已经成为全社会体现爱心和正能量的热门活动。志愿者活动使需要帮助的人们得到帮助,而志愿者们也能从中得到锻炼和价值的体现。分析全国近几年的中考写作题目,我们可以发现这也是一个很热门的写作方向。一般来说,志愿者活动这一话题主要从三个方面来命题：1.写志愿者活动安排(2018年黑龙江绥化)；2.志愿者招聘(2017年黑龙江齐齐哈尔)；3.志愿者的自荐信(2017年湖北荆州)。此类写作可以培养学生们热心公益事业和乐于助人的高尚品质,同时也对自己的实践能力是一个很好的锻炼。写作素材包常用作文开头语：1.I had a very unforgettable experience in volunteer last week.(have an experience有的经历)【试一试】迈克度过了一段非常愉快的经历。_Mike_had_a_very_pleasant_experience._2.More and more people are willing to work as a volunteer.(work as作为而工作)【试一试】去年我在动物园里当了一段时间的动物饲养员。_Last_year_I_worked_as_an_animal_keeper_for_some_time_in_the_zoo._3.We want some volunteers to help clean the city parks this Saturday.(want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事)【试一试】你想让我们来当志愿者去帮助那些生病的孩子们吗？_Do_you_want_us_to_be_volunteers_to_help_the_sick_kids？_常用作文中间语：1.I think its very meaningful for me to be a volunteer.(It beadj.for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事如何)【试一试】对我们学生来说,帮助他人是非常有必要的。_Its_very_necessary_for_us_students_to_help_others._2.He has lots of experience taking care of the animals.(have experience doing sth.做某事很有经验)【试一试】我对打扫房间卫生很有经验。_I_have_experience_cleaning_the_room._3.We cleaned the old peoples rooms and helped them wash their clothes.4.In the afternoon,we sang and danced for the old people and they were very happy to see that.(be happy to do sth.做某事很高兴)【试一试】我们很高兴去帮助那位老人。_We_are_very_happy_to_help_the_old_man._5.We were very tired but at the same time,we were also very happy to cheer them up.(cheer sb.up使某人感到振奋)【试一试】我明天将会去医院鼓励那些生病的孩子们。_I_will_go_to_the_hospital_to_cheer_up_the_sick_children_tomorrow._6.I learned a lot by communicating with the old people.(learnby doing sth.通过做某事学习)【试一试】我通过经常给那位老人写信来保持联系。_I_keep_in_touch_with_the_old_man_by_writing_him_a_letter.常用作文结束语：1.I hope I will have the chance to do it again.2.We had a happy day!3.What a meaningful day I had!4.I will never forget the day!典例剖析(原创题)尊老爱幼、助人为乐是中华民族的传统美德。为推动社会主义核心价值体系建设,培养学生优良的道德品质,锻炼学生的社交能力,光明中学团委开展了一次学生志愿者活动。假如你是该校志愿者学生,请根据以下提示内容以“A Meaningful Activity”为题,写一篇英语短文。A Meaningful ActivityDateMarch 25,2018PlaceSunshine Old Peoples HomeActivitiesClean the yard,sweep the floor in the morningEat lunch at noonOld people tell old stories and give a Beijing Opera performance要点：1.活动的时间、地点、参加人员；2.活动的内容；3.活动的感想和收获。要求：语意通顺,意思连贯,90词左右。【审题指导】这是一篇叙事类作文。写作时必须包含要点中提到的三点,可适当发挥。全文在写作时以一般过去时为主,以第一人称的口吻进行叙述。【写作导图】【参考范文】A Meaningful ActivityOn March 25,2018,we students from Guangming Middle School went to Sunshine Old Peoples Home to do some voluntary work.In the morning,we cleaned the yard and swept the floor.We were very tired but we were happy to help the old people.At noon,we had lunch with the old people.The food was simple but very delicious.In the afternoon,the old people told us some old stories and even gave us a Beijing Opera performance.It was amazing.I think it was a meaningful activity and Id like to do more voluntary work like this next time!【名师点评】本文的亮点之处有：1.文章结构清晰,三个自然段功能明确；2.用语准确、简练,文章时态统一,句子结构正确,能运用到宾语从句等复合句,连词等的使用自然顺畅；3.包含所有提示要点,内容完整,有一定的拓展。模拟写作(2019预测)我校正在招聘介绍学校发展历史、文化传承以及学校办学特色的志愿者导游。请根据所给信息,为学校团委写一则招聘广告。要点：1.志愿者导游(school guide)必须为本校在校学生,男女不限；2.待人热情、友好,有礼貌,热心公益活动(serve the public)；3.普通话标准,英语口语流利。要求：1.90词左右；2.内容完整,语言流畅,可适当发挥。_School_Guide_Wanted_We_would_like_some_students_to_be_the_school_guides.If_you_want_to_be_a_guide_in_our_school,first_of_all,you_need_to_be_the_students_of_our_school.Girls_and_boys_are_all_welcome.You_must_be_polite,warmhearted_and_friendly.Also_you_must_speak_standard_Chinese_and_good_English.If_you_join_us,you_can_get_lots_of_chances_to_show_and_improve_your_talent.At_the_same_time,you_can_serve_the_public._Are_you_interested_in_it?_Dont_miss_the_chance！_直 击 中 考一、单项选择。(D)1.(2018凉山州中考)Parents _ put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe.A.mayB.mightC.canD.should(A)2.(2018襄阳中考)Mom,can I leave the chores till tomorrow?Im afraid not.You cant _ todays work till tomorrow.A.put off B.turn downC.give away D.look up(C)3.(2018安徽中考)The weatherman says a rain shower _ this afternoon in the south.A.expects B.expectedC.is expected D.was expected(A)4.(2018菏泽中考改编)During the Spring Festival,the young _ a kowtow(磕头) to the elders,but now they only give them best wishes.A.used to give B.were used to giveC.used to giving D.were used to giving二、(2018襄阳中考)完形填空。At the beginning of this term,my PE teacher suggested to me that I should take part in the marathon(马拉松赛跑).I was very surprised because I was never a good runner.In order to_1_ me,he said that if I took part in the race,I would get the highest mark for the terms PE class.Therefore,I decided to have a try because I had_2_ to lose.I prepared for the race very_3_.I ran every day in the morning before school.And after school,I practiced running with many other runners on the sports ground.I even had the special diet(饮食) for athletes(运动员).I heard that the special diet could _4_ me to get good results.When the_5_ of the marathon arrived,I was very nervous.As usual,I got up in the morning,had my breakfast,and listened to some music.Then my father gave me a_6_ to the sports ground,for the marathon race was going to take place there in an hour.All my family wished me good luck because they knew how _7_ this race was for me and how much effort I had put into its preparation.My competitors looked like athletes.I was_8_ that I would be last.However,when I started to run,I thought only about the race.As I paid much attention to the race itself,I did not remember when I _9_ the other runners.Suddenly I realized that I had come first.I was very happy when I won the race.From the experience,I learn that _10_ always comes out of hard work.(D)1.A.punish B.hurtC.introduce D.encourage(C)2.A.something B.everythingC.nothing D.anything(A)3.A.carefully B.shylyC.angrily D.secretly(B)4.A.teach B.help C.expect D.order(A)5.A.day B.week C.month D.year(D)6.A.hug B.shake C.kiss D.lift(B)7.A.easy B.importantC.traditional D.silly(C)8.A.surprised B.luckyC.afraid D.happy(A)9.A.passed B.followedC.touched D.pushed(C)10.A.feeling B.competitionC.success D.interest三、(2018眉山中考改编)还原句子。阅读下面短文,把A、B、C、D四个句子填入文中空缺处,使短文内容完整、正确。 Doing exercise is very important for everyone.But it can be a little different to keep a exercise plan when winter comes.1._C_ Do you have the same problem？Ill tell you what you can do to change the situation.To stay active during the winter,you should first make it as easy as possible to do your exercise.2._D_ The following advice will give you some ideas for making winter exercise more comfortable and more enjoyable.Put your sports clothes in the dryer.If you want to exercise outside,you might keep the clothes in the dryer for a few minutes before that.Its often harder to get warmed up when its cold outside.Putting on clothes fresh from the dryer is just one way to get your body warm.3._A_ If its really cold outside,you might even try a quick shower to get you warm before you do exercise.Walk in door.4._B_ To get out of cold weather of winter,you can simply walk in door,probably in the living area of your room.Walking indoors makes you feel safe and gives you a dry and warm temperature to do it.A.Take a hot shower.B.Walking is a good way to stay healthy.C.The cold weather makes you want to stay in your warm bed.D.Second,make something different before you lose interest in doing exercise.四、(2018义乌中考改编)综合填空。阅读下面短文,根据单词、首字母、汉语和语境提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词,要求意义准确、拼写正确。This is Tammela School,a primary school in Finland.The students are having a math class with their robot teacher.The “teacher” is a small,blue 1._machine_ (机器) about 25 cm high,Reuters reported.Whenever students have problems,it helps them very 2._patiently_(patient) and never gets bored.“The robot can make students more 3._active_(act) in class than usual.I see Elias as one of the 4._tools_(工具) to get different kinds of practice and activities into the classroom.” a teacher told Reuters.So far the school has introduced four robot teachers,one of whom 5._is_(be) a language teacher that can speak 23 languages and dance to music.“6._It_ is necessary to encourage kids to come up 7.with_ new ways to make use of technology in school life.” the head of the school 8._added_(add) in the interview.The robot teachers are 9.used_ to help improve learning.This doesnt mean that human teachers will lose their jobs.The robots can teach well,10.but_ they are not able to keep class in order.The school still needs human teachers.五、(2018海南中考改编)完成句子。阅读下面短文,根据题后要求完成句子。As a student,you must have met all kinds of teachers.Do you like or hate them? Is there complete understanding between you and them?At first,I thought Miss Li was nervous and shy.But now,I find shes kind and patient,and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it well！(A)她总是避免让我们感到愚蠢。Ive always hated making mistakes or pronouncing a word incorrectly when I speak English,but Miss Li just smiles,so that I dont feel that stupid!(B)Mrs.Chen is very strict_and_serious.In her class,we dont dare to say a word unless she asks us to.There are a few students in our class who keep coming to class late,but theyre always on time for Mrs.Chens lessons! Some of our classmates dont like her.(C)But_most_of_us_really_appreciate_ _her_because_her_teaching_is_so_well_organized_and_clear. Physics will never be my favorite lesson,but I think Ill do well in the exam with Mrs.Chen teaching me.Mr.Wu is very popular.(D)Chinese,enjoys,he,_really,_teaching. You cant imagine what a great teacher he is! He talks loudly and fast and waves his hands about a lot when he gets excited.Hes really understanding and funny.When he thinks were getting bored,he will tell us jokes and make us active again.We really respect him a lot.1.汉译英。请根据(A)处中文提示写出英语句子。(每空一词)She always _avoids_ making you _feel_ stupid.2.句子提问。请就(B)句的画线部分提问。_How_ do you _like_ Mrs.Chen?3.英译汉。请将(C)句译成中文。_但是大部分人真的很感激她,因为她的教学非常有条理和清晰。_4.连词成句。请将(D)处的单词连成意义完整的句子。_He_really_enjoys_teaching_Chinese._5.找同义句。请在文中找出与以下描述意义一致的句子。We dont dare to say a word if she doesnt ask us to in her class._In_her_class,_we_dont_dare_to_say_a_word_unless_she_asks_us_to._ 17
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