2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第77期

2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题A market is commonly thought of as a place where commodities are bought and sold. Thus fruit and vegetables are sold wholesale at Covent Garden Market and meat is sold wholesale at Smithfield Market. But there are markets for things other than commodities, in the usual sense. There are（1）estate markets, foreign exchange markets, and so on; there may be a market for anything which has a price. And there may be no particular place to which dealings are confined. Buyers and sellers may be（2）over the whole world and instead of actually meeting together in a market-place and they may deal with one another by telephone, telegram, cable or letter.（3）dealings are restricted to a particular place, the dealers may consist wholly or in part of agents（4）instructions from clients far away. Thus agents buy meat at Smithfield on behalf of retail butchers all over England; and（5）on the London Stock Exchange buy and sell safeties on instructions from clients all over the world. We must therefore（6）a market as any area over which buyers and sellers are in such close touch with one another, either directly or through（7）, that the prices obtainable in one part of the market affect the prices paid in other parts.Modern（8）of communication are so rapid that a buyer can discover what price a seller is asking, and can accept it if he wishes, although he may be thousands of miles away. Thus the market for anything is,（9）, the whole world. But in fact things have, normally, only a local or national market.This may be because nearly the whole demand is concentrated in one locality. These special local demands,（10）, are of quite minor importance. The main reason why many things have not a world market is that they are costly or difficult to transport.问题1选项A.trueB.genuineC.realD.actual问题2选项A.scatteredB.separatedC.spreadD.dispelled问题3选项A.ThoughB.UnlessC.WhenD.Even if问题4选项A.acting forB.acting outC.acting onD.acting up问题5选项A.brokersB.breakersC.bribersD.braziers问题6选项A.deduceB.defineC.determineD.decide问题7选项A.producersB.managersC.dealersD.customers问题8选项A.wayB.methodC.approachD.means问题9选项A.definitelyB.potentiallyC.incidentallyD.readily问题10选项A.furthermoreB.howeverC.thereforeD.then【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:C第8题:D第9题:B第10题:B【解析】1.考查词组搭配。real estate是房地产的意思，true，genuine，actual均不能和estate连用。句意：有房地产市场、外汇市场等等。因此C选项符合题意。2.考查近义词辨析。四个选项都有“分开、分散”的意思，A选项scattered指散布在各处，和over连用；B选项separated指把两个人或物分开，着重从原属一个整体中移出一部分或把两者隔开；C选项spread指一直延伸、蔓延，侧重遍及；D选项dispelled指驱散，驱逐。句意：买方和卖方可能分散在世界各地。因此A选项符合题意。3.考查连词辨析。A选项 Though“尽管”；B选项Unless“除非”；C选项When“当的时候”；D选项Even if“即使”。句意：即使交易被限制在一个特定的地方。因此D选项符合题意。4.考查动词搭配辨析。A选项acting for“代理”；B选项acting out“付诸行动”；C选项acting on“按照行事”；D选项acting up“出毛病”。句意：按照指示行事。因此C选项符合题意。5.考查名词辨析。A选项brokers“经纪人，中间人”；B选项breakers“打破者”；C选项bribers“行贿者”；D选项braziers“铜匠”。句意：伦敦证券交易所的经纪人。因此A选项符合题意。6.考查动词辨析。A选项deduce“推断”；B选项define“定义”；C选项determine“下决心”；D选项decide“决定”。句意：定义市场。因此B选项符合题意。7.考查名词辨析。A选项producers“生产者”；B选项managers“经理”；C选项dealers“经销商”；D选项customers“顾客”。句意：通过经销商相互密切接触。因此C选项符合题意。8.考查近义词辨析。四个选项都有“方法”的意思，A选项way可指一般的方法，有时也指个人的方法或方式；B选项method指有系统、有条理地办事或解决问题的方法；C选项approach指从事某事的特别方法、途径；D选项means指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径。句意：现代通讯手段。因此D选项符合题意。9.考查副词辨析。A选项definitely“肯定地”；B选项potentially“可能地”；C选项incidentally“偶然地”；D选项readily“容易地”。句意：是任何东西的市场都有可能是整个世界。因此B选项符合题意。10.考查副词辨析。A选项furthermore“此外”；B选项however“然而”；C选项therefore“因此”；D选项then“那么”。句意：然而这些特殊的局部需求并不重要。因此B选项符合题意。2. 单选题Do help yourself to some fruit,（ ）you?问题1选项A.cantB.dontC.wouldntD.wont【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：吃点水果，好吗？前半部分是表示邀请、提供对对方有益的行为等的祈使句时，反问一般用will，上文为肯定语气，故反问部分用否定形式wont。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Once a lighthouse is built, no ship of any nationality can be effectively（ ）from the utilization of the lighthouse for navigational purposes.问题1选项A.isolatedB.dismissedC.distractedD.excluded【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项isolated“孤立”；B选项dismissed“解散”；C选项distracted“分心”；D选项excluded“排除”。句意：灯塔一旦建成，任何国籍的船舶都可以有效地利用它来航行。本句表示没有船舶会被排除在外，因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Lawyers often make higher（ ）for the work than they should.问题1选项A.billsB.chargesC.costsD.prices【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项bills“账单”；B选项charges“费用”；C选项costs“成本”；D选项prices“价格”。句意：律师经常收取比他们应得的更高的费用。make charges for是固定搭配，意思是“对收费；索价”。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题（ ）the opportunity, he might well have become an outstanding cartoonist.问题1选项A.GivenB.To giveC.GivingD.Being given【答案】A【解析】考查过去分词作状语。given the opportunity是过去分词短语作状语，相当于一个与过去情况相反的虚拟条件句，等于if he had been given the opportunity。句意：如果有机会，他很可能会成为一位杰出的漫画家。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and（ ）funds by selling tickets at a full price.问题1选项A.furnishesB.raisesC.accumulatesD.contributes【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项furnishes“提供”；B选项raises“筹款”；C选项accumulates“积累”；D选项contribute“贡献”。句意：义演是指一个慈善组织以折扣价买断演出，并以全价出售门票来筹集资金的演出。本句表示筹集资金，因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Bob is so（ ）to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed or his shoes shined.问题1选项A.hardyB.intenseC.indifferentD.bewildered【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项hardy“坚强的”；B选项intense“强烈的”；C选项indifferent“不关心的”；D选项bewildered“困惑的”。句意：鲍勃对自己的外表漠不关心，他从不熨衣服或擦鞋。本句表示对外表不在意、漠不关心。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题We realized that he was under great（ ）, so we took no notice of his bad temper.问题1选项A.excitementB.stressC.crisisD.nervousness【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项excitement“兴奋”；B选项stress“压力”；C选项crisis“危机”；D选项nervousness“紧张”。句意：我们知道他压力很大，所以我们没在意他的坏脾气。A，C，D都不能与under搭配，只有under great stress为固定搭配，表示“在巨大的压力下”。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?问题1选项A.Why dont you do it for the sake of your friends?B.I wish I could write as well as you.C.For all his efforts, he didnt get an AD.Her eyes were red from excessive reading.【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“你为什么不为你的朋友着想呢？”for the sake of意为“为了”；B选项“我希望我能写得像你一样好。”，as well as意为“和一样”；C选项“尽管他很努力，他还是没有得到A。”，for在句中表示转折，与all连用表示“虽然，尽管”；D选项“她看书看得太多，眼睛都红了。”，from在句中表示“因为，出于”。因此D选项正确。10. 单选题Astronomers at the University of California discovered one of the most distant（ ）.问题1选项A.paradoxesB.paradisesC.galaxiesD.shuttles【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradoxes“自相矛盾的事物”；B选项paradises“天堂”；C选项galaxies“星系”；D选项shuttles“班车”。句意：加利福尼亚大学的天文学家发现了一个最遥远的星系。本句表示天文学家发现星系，因此C选项正确。11. 单选题You can hire a bicycle in many places. Usually youll have to pay a（ ）.问题1选项A.depositB.dealC.fareD.fond【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项deposit“押金”；B选项deal“交易”；C选项fare“交通费”；D选项fond“钟爱”。句意：你可以在很多地方租到自行车。通常你要付押金。本句表示支付租车押金，因此A选项正确。12. 单选题The modern world only recently reached the Yanomano, a native people of the Amazon basin. Sheltered by thick rainforest, the Yanomano lived a self-contained existence until gold was discovered in their jungle homeland. Miners flocked into the forests, cutting down trees and bringing disease and shot those Yanomano who would not get out of the way. In just seven years from the early 1980s, the population fell 20 per cent.Hands Around the World, a native American cultural association, says the Yanomano are believed to be the most culturally intact people in the world. They wear loin cloths, use fire sticks and decorate their bodies with dye from a red berry. They dont use the wheel and the only metal they use is what has been traded to them by outsiders. When a Yanomano dies, the body is burned and the remaining bones crushed into a powder and turned into a drink that is later consumed by mourners in memory of the dead.A Hands Around the World report says that in South America not only are the cultures and traditions in danger of disappearing, but some tribes are in danger of extinction. “The Yanomano is a well-known tribe that is rapidly losing its members through the destruction of Western disease,” the report says. Before illegal gold miners entered their rainforest, the Yanomano were isolated from modern society.They occupy dense jungle north of the Amazon River between Venezuela and Brazil and are catalogued by anthropologists (人类学家) as neo-Indians with cultural characteristics that date back more than 8,000 years. Each community lives in a circular communal house, some of which sleep up to 400, built around a central square.Though many Yanomano men are monogamous, it is not unusual for them to have two or more wives. Anthropologists from the University of Wisconsin say polygamy is a way to increase ones wealth because having a large family increases help with hunting and cultivating the land. These marriages result in a shortage of women for other men to marry, which has led to inter-tribal wars.Each Yanomano man is responsible for clearing his land for gardening, using slash-and-hum farming methods. They grow plantains, a type of banana eaten cooked, and hunt game animals, fish and anaconda (南美热带蟒蛇) using bows and arrows.1.Miners flocked into the forest and shot those Yanomano who（ ）.2.The organization called Hands Around the World believes that culturally, the Yanomano is the worlds（ ）.3.Which of the following is NOT true according to an American cultural association report?4.（ ）caused the Yanomano to have inter-tribal wars.5.We can infer from the passage that it is imperative for us to protect the Yanomano because（ ）.问题1选项A.sheltered in thick rainforestB.would not leave their jungle homelandC.lived a self-contained existenceD.would stand in their way问题2选项A.most primitive peopleB.most backward peopleC.most advanced peopleD.oldest people问题3选项A.In South America, the cultures are on the verge of extinction.B.In South America, the traditions are on the verge of extinction.C.In South America, the Yanomano can survive extinction.D.In South America, some tribes are on the verge of extinction.问题4选项A.The shortage of women resulting from polygamyB.The difference in wealth resulting from polygamyC.The shortage of women resulting from monogamyD.The difference in wealth resulting from monogamy问题5选项A.it is a culturally most intact peopleB.it is a primitive people deep in jungleC.it is a native people of the Amazon basinD.it is primitive people in danger of disappearing【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Miners”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Miners flocked into the forests, cutting down trees and bringing disease and shot those Yanomano who would not get out of the way.（矿工们涌进森林，砍伐树木，带来疾病，射杀那些不愿让路的雅诺玛诺人。），说明矿工射杀的是那些不愿意让出道路的雅诺玛诺人。因此D选项“会挡住他们的路”正确。A选项“躲在茂密的雨林中”，B选项“不会离开自己的丛林家园”，C选项“过着自给自足的生活”均不是矿工射杀他们的理由，所以A，B，C错误。2.推理判断题。由题干关键词“Hands Around the World”可以定位到文章第二段第一句Hands Around the World, a native American cultural association, says the Yanomano are believed to be the most culturally intact people in the world.（美国土著文化协会Hands Around the World表示，雅诺玛诺人被认为是世界上文化最完整的民族。），说明雅诺玛诺人有史以来的原始文化都保存得很完整。因此A选项“最原始的民族”正确。B选项“最落后的民族”，C选项“最先进的民族”，D选项“最古老的民族”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“report”可以定位到文章第三段，第三段第一句说到in South America not only are the cultures and traditions in danger of disappearing, but some tribes are in danger of extinction.（在南美洲，不仅文化和传统面临消失的危险，一些部落也面临灭绝的危险。），说明南美洲的文化、传统和一些部落正处于消失的边缘，所以A选项“在南美洲，文化正处于消亡的边缘”，B选项“在南美洲，传统正处于消亡的边缘”，D选项“在南美洲，有些部落濒临灭绝”表述符合原文，排除A，B，D。第三段第二句说到The Yanomano is a well-known tribe that is rapidly losing its members through the destruction of Western disease（雅诺玛诺人是一个著名的部落，由于西方疾病的破坏，这个部落的成员正在迅速流失。），说明雅诺玛诺人很难存活下来。因此C选项“在南美洲，雅诺玛诺人可以在消亡中幸存下来”表述不符合原文，本题选C。4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“inter-tribal wars”可以定位到文章第五段Though many Yanomano men are monogamous, it is not unusual for them to have two or more wives These marriages result in a shortage of women for other men to marry, which has led to inter-tribal wars.（虽然许多雅诺玛诺人是一夫一妻制的，但他们有两个或更多的妻子并不罕见这些婚姻导致了可供其他男人结婚的女性的短缺，从而导致了部落间的战争。），说明雅诺玛诺人是一夫一妻制的，引发战争的原因是这种婚姻导致的女性短缺。因此C选项“一夫一妻制造成的女性短缺问题”正确。A选项“一夫多妻制造成的女性短缺问题”，B选项“一夫多妻制导致的财富差异问题”，D选项“一夫一妻制导致的财富差异问题”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。5.推理判断题。由全文可以得知，雅诺玛诺人是一个濒临灭绝的民族，所以需要保护。因此D选项“是濒临消失的原始民族”正确。A选项“是一个文化上最完整的民族”，B选项“是丛林深处的原始民族”，C选项“是亚马孙流域的土著民族”虽然表述正确，但不是雅诺玛诺人需要保护的理由，所以A，B，C错误。13. 单选题There used to be a petrol station near the park,（ ）?问题1选项A.didnt itB.doesnt thereC.usednt itD.didnt there【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：过去在公园附近有个加油站，是吗？used to意为“过去常常”，当陈述句谓语部分含有used to时，反义疑问句常由usednt或didnt构成，如果陈述句是There used to be句型，反义疑问句由usednt / didnt there构成，因此D选项正确。14. 单选题（ ）every field of our modern life, there is nothing it cannot do to push our civilization to a higher stage.问题1选项A.Computer entersB.With computer enteringC.With computer entersD.Computer entered【答案】B【解析】考查伴随状语。句意：随着计算机进入我们现代生活的各个领域，没有什么不能把我们的文明推向更高的阶段。with作伴随状语，说明造成某一局面的原因，with+名词+现在分词这种结构表示动作的主动和进行态，因此B选项正确。15. 单选题My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk（ ）far.问题1选项A./B.suchC.thatD.as【答案】C【解析】考查副词用法。句意：我女儿今天已经走了8英里，我们从没想过她能走那么远。such后面常接名词或名词词组，排除B；as后接副词常用在“as as”结构中，排除D。that作副词，意思是“那样，那么”，可放在形容词或副词之前，表示强调，符合句意，因此C选项正确。16. 单选题The central provinces have floods in some years, and（ ）.问题1选项A.drought s in othersB.droughts are othersC.while other droughtsD.others in drought【答案】A【解析】考查并列结构。句意：中部各省有些年遭受洪涝，有些年遭受干旱。and连接两个并列的成分，因后面没有谓语，说明二者的谓语相同，都是have，那么填入的内容就应该与floods in some years并列，drought in others中others指代years，表示“另一些年遭受干旱”。因此A选项正确。17. 单选题He feels that he is not yet（ ）to travel abroad.问题1选项A.too strongB.enough strongC.so strongD.strong enough【答案】D【解析】考查副词的用法。A选项tooto表示“太而不能”，不符合句意，排除A；B选项enough在修饰形容词和副词时应该放在它们的后面，排除B；C选项so应该与that连用，表示“太以至于”，不符合句意，排除C；D选项strong enough表示“足够强壮”。句意：他觉得自己身体还不够强壮，不能出国旅行。因此D选项正确。18. 单选题In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid（ ）.问题1选项A.from being beatenB.being beatenC.beatingD.to be beaten【答案】B【解析】考查动词搭配辨析。句意：在国际比赛中，声望是如此重要，唯一重要的就是避免被击败。avoid后面接动名词，avoid doing，避免做某事，排除A，D；被击败应该是被动语态，beating是动名词的主动式，排除C。因此B选项正确。19. 翻译题诸位毕业同学，你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送你们，只好送你们一句话罢。这一句话是“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。有人说：“出去做事之后，生活急需解决，哪有工夫去读书？即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问？”我要对你们说：凡是要等到有了图书馆才读书的，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有实验室方才做研究的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题，自然会撙衣节食去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。【答案】Dear Students of the Graduating Class: As you are leaving your Alma Mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice. My advice is, “Never give up the pursuit of learning.” You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return; and it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence. If you give up studies while holding a job, you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by younger people. It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again.Somepeoplesay,“Onceyouhaveajob,you willcomeupagainsttheurgent problemofmakingaliving.Howcanyoumanagetofindtimetostudy?Evenifyouwantto,willitbepossiblewithnolibraryornolaboratoryavailable?”Now let me tell you this. Those who refuse to study for lack of a library will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library. And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so even though a laboratory is available. As long as you set your mind on studies, you will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments.20. 单选题Londons Heathrow Airport is notorious for queues and delays. Why is this happening and what can you do to avoid the frustration?In the film Catch Me If You Can, Leonardo DiCaprio plays a dashing young con artist who fools an airline into believing he is one of their captains. He strolls through a sleek and futuristic air terminal flanked by a gaggle of stewardesses, his progress serene. The message is clear: Air travel is glamorous, sexy and a total breeze.Cut to Heathrow, 2007, and what is still the worlds largest airport (by passenger numbers) is stretched to breaking point, beset by delays and hampered by a creaking infrastructure. Ken Livingstone, Londons garrulous Mayor, says the airport is “shaming London”. How did it come to this?In a sense, Heathrows key role in the development of Britains (and the worlds) aviation industry has been its undoing. First opened to commercial fights in 1946, Heathrow has always been there first; consequently, it has inherited a legacy of aging terminal buildings. Then September 11 happened, and security protocols went through the roof. The 2005 London bombings didnt help matters.The queues to clear Heathrows security can take hours to clear, especially when not all the X-ray machines are open. At the other end of the process, passengers have faced seemingly never-ending waits for luggage. A recent Association of European Airlines report showed that between April and June this year the luggage system at Heathrow broke down 11 times.The British government, spurred on by angry airlines, passenger groups and an increasingly vocal media, has announced an enquiry into how the airport is run. Heathrow, like seven other major airports in the UK, is run by the British Airports Authority (BAA), who has been accused of putting the profits from the vast shopping malls in each terminal before investment in security and staff. Ryanair, British Airways and the head of the International Air Transport Association have all criticized the running of the airport, blaming under-investment.A spokesman for Heathrow notes that all may not be lost quite yet. Ninety-seven per cent of passengers get through security after less than 10 minutes of queuing. The baggage rules for using UK airports have been the same for a while now, so travelers should be getting used to the plastic bags and one item of hand-luggage rule. And BAA is recommending that people dont turn up earlier than they shouldthree hours for long-haul, two for short haul and 90 minutes for domestic should be fine. Heathrow has also employed 500 new security staff and opened nine new security lanes this year.And then theres Terminal Five, the gleaming, light-filled Richard Rodgers creation, complete with a landscaped civic space, due to open in March 2008. It will be British Airways new home and should take the pressure off the rest of the airport. Far more suitable for a Leonardo-style sashay.1.Leonardos performance conveys the idea that air travel is（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?3.It can take hours to pass the airport security, especially when（ ）.4.Whos to blame for the under-investment in British airports?5.According to BAA, when should domestic passengers arrive at the airport?问题1选项A.enchantingB.dangerousC.frustratingD.time-consuming问题2选项A.Heathrow Airport has the largest surface area in the world.B.The significant position of the airport in history has become the main cause for its present situation.C.Hea