常用口语及习惯用语总结

常用口语及习惯用语总结be tied up with / have ones hands full of =be busy with忙于做某事a green handa big headache=having difficulty in doing sth让人头痛的事情beyond one s ability没有能力做到pull one s leg / put sb on拿某人开玩笑feel like=be fond of =be ones cup of tea喜欢做某事be familiar withbe familiar tofeel at homein熟悉于做某事on the tip of ones tongue=slip ones mind 忘记了catch / follow me / grab / understand理解attentioneye-catchingbe fed up with厌倦cannot bear / cannot stand忍受不了stand the test of timeput up with忍受feel blue 心情不好ask for the moon异想天开make a living谋生make the best / most use of充分利用cry in one s beer借酒消愁cost sb. an arm and leg代价巨大at the cost ofdoesn thold water没有道理，讲不通hold onthis room can hold 50 people.be eager to do sth.be dying to渴望做某事die dead deathI cannot agree more /better我完全同意。You are the last man I want to see你是我最不想见的人。You ve got me 你把我难倒了。You lose the point你弄错了。there is no point in doing sth.I cannot complain我感觉好些了。back up 支持ahead of schedule提前behind schedule迟到了bring sb. up to date=help sb. catch up让某人知道最近的进展keep pace with跟 齐步前进rain cats and dogs=rain heavilyleave alone不管，不理会give sb. a hand with帮助某人做某事give sb. a big hand为某人鼓掌ahead of time=schedule提前around the clock夜以继日stay up to late熬夜第1页共10页1run out of oil没有油了agree with同意put up with忍受 bear standpick sb. up用车接某人put sb. up给某人提供住宿make it成功做到come tocome up with an idea提出想法make sense of = understand理解出my treat我请客go Dutch各付各自帐单 AAcount on = cry on ones shoulder 依靠某人shake all over全身颤抖，害怕flat tyre车胎漏气spare tyre备用胎sell out卖光top best sellersout of print（书等）绝版out of stock脱销keep an eyes on注意某事或某人keep ones ears open提高警惕used to do过去常常做get used to sth. or doing sth.习惯做常见习惯用语（二）正误辨析误 - What can I do for you?- Yes， please help me正 - What can I do for you?- Id like to buy a sweater析 What can I do for you?这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么 ?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么 ?它的答语应是 直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。误 - Which color do you like?- Sorry， I dont like正 - Which color do you like?- I prefer blue析由 which来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如Yes ， I like it误 Do you like to come with us tonight?正 Would you like to come with us tonight析Do you like问的是对方的习惯，如：Do you likeswimming? Do you likecollectingstamps?而 would you like则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：Shall we go?我们走吧 !Lets go?让我们走吧 !How about having a cup of tea?喝杯茶如何 ?What about a cup of coffee喝杯咖啡如何?第2页共10页2Why not buy it?为什么不买呢 ?其肯定答语一般为Certainly， Yes， OAll right， With pleasure误 Sorry ， Ive kept you waiting.Not at all.正 Sorry ， Ive kept you waiting.Never mind.析 介意不介意 这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如：- Do you mind my smoking here?-Yes， do it pleaseNo， of course notYes， take it pleaseNo， you cant take it这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为：不介意，当然不。而A 选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而D 选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：Do you mind if I open the door?Would you mind mailing the letter for me其答语如果是同意应为：Certainly not， not at all而不同意时应为Yes ， 或 Im sorry误 Whats that man?He is Mike正 Whats that man?He is a teacher正 Whos that man?He is Mike(He is Mikes father)析 由 what提问是问的职业，由who提问问的是姓名或身份。误 Im sorry， but is this the way to the park?正 Excuse me ， but is this the way to the park?析 Im sorry是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而Excuse me是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。误 - Have a good time tonight!- You are the same正 - Have a good time tonight!- The same to you析 The same to you是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。误 - Whats the problem?- Ive got a headache正 Whats wrong with you?Ive got a headache析 Whats wrong with you?是询问对方身体状态如何，而Whats the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。误 - Now ， Im back.Can I play?- Perhaps.Youd better do your homework first.正 - Now ， Im back.Can I play?- Im afraid not.Youd better do your homework first.析 Perhaps是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如：Am I right? Perhaps而 Im afraid not则表达一种不同意的态度。be afraid的几种用法有：Im afraid that you are right其后直接加宾语从句。- Will you come to my birthday party?第3页共10页3- Im afraid not.I have to go to see my father.He is in hospital其后 not ，表示否定。- Sorry， I dont want to go there alone， Im afraid of the dog其后名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam其后 of 动名词，表示害怕做某事。Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didnt do well in the exam其后不定式，表示不敢去做某事。误 - How soon will you be ready?- Two days正 - How soon will you be ready?- In two days析此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon问的是 还有多久才能作完 ，这时要用in two days， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用How long提问，则答语可以用two days。误 - Would you mind if I have some time off?- I dont mind- Monday and Tuesday of next week正 - Would you mind if I have some time off?- When exactly- Monday and Tuesday of next week析有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。Idont mind是可以用来回答Would you mind 这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用when exactly?什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。误 Suppose your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will probably be Who are you?正 Suppose your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will probably be Hello? This is Tom speaking?析在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问Whosthat(speaking)?但不要讲 Who are you? 如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲 This is speaking而不要讲 Im 也不要讲 My name is 就语法而论， Who are you? ImMy name is 并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。误 - Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?- I dont hope so正 - Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?- I hope not析由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中I think soI hopesoI believe so是相同的，但在否定句中却常用I dont think so但 I dont believe so和 I dont hope so则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而I believe not和 I hope not则为：我想可能不会发生吧 !误 -Your handwritingis very good! - No， my handwritingis verypoor正 - Your handwritingis very good!- Thank you析中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet? 而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样 ) Morning!等。而 good morning和 How do you do第4页共10页4则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。误 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： ExcusemeIll go first正 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave youmay say ： Excuse meI have to go析这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲Illgo first朋友们会迷惑不解，而I have to go则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。误 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to， and Im too busy正 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?-Id like to， but Im too busy析 Im too busy与 Id like to在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。（三）例题解析1- Would you like to have some rice?-A. Yes ， I likeB. Yes， please C. of courseD. Yes， I have答案B.析当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲Yes ， please如不想接受则用 No， thanks2- Nice to see you-A. Good morningB. Happy to meet you， tooC. Nice to see you， too D. Pleased to meetyou ， too答案 C. 析 虽然 A、 B、 D 三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。3 - Would you please give me some water? - A. Yes ， I wouldB. CertainlyC. No， thanksD. Yes， please答案 B.析当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而 Yes， please为 是的，您请做某事吧 。这一含意显然不对。4- Thank you very much for helping me-AYoure welcome BIt doesnt matterCNo needDDont say that答案A.析 Youre welcome译为中文为：不用谢。而It doesnt matter则为：没关系。5- Oh ， I am not feeling well.Ive got a cold- AFine ， How are you?BNever mindTake careCWell ， I m sure to get well soonD.Im sorry to hear that答案D.析这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、 C 则是中国人常讲的答语。6 - Meimei you speak English very well - ANo， I dont think so BThank you very muchCNot good enough DThats all right答案B.7- Could you look after Polly for me while were away?第5页共10页5-A. No ， thanks B. With pleasureC. Im not afraid D. Im sure you will答案B.析 With pleasure 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。8- Hello! Could I speak to theheadmaster， please?-AHold on ， please BThats the headmaster， please CWho are you ? please DSorryIm not the headmaster答案 A.析 holdon， please是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用that，而要用 this，在电话用语中that指对方， this指自己。9 - Imsorry I dont know the way，either.Youd better ask that policeman for help- A. Good night B. Thats nothingC. Very well D. Thank you all the same答案 D.析当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为Thank you all the same意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。10- I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I cant do anything.- AIm sorryBDont worryCGood luckDBad luck答案 D.析如果用 A 则要用Im sorry to hear that而不能单用 Im sorry因 Im sorry是向对方道歉。而 bad luck为真是不幸啊。11 - - I have got a coughA. Whats your trouble? B. What have you got? C. Why did you come here?D. Have you got a cough?答案 A.析 Whats your trouble?多用于问对方有什么问题、 麻烦或得了什么病。 这种用语还有 Whats wrongwith you?12- Whats the weather like today!- AIts nice for a walkBI like autumn best of allCIt will be fine tomorrowDIts rather cold today答案 D.析本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D第6页共10页613- How is your mother?- AShe is oldBShe is no better than she wasCShe is kind heartedDShe is in her forties答案B.析 How is your mother?问的是你妈身体如何，而B 选项则是 她不比以前强 。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。14When someone did a good deed for you， you should sayA you are too goodB Its very kind of youC you are very kindD Ill thank you答案B.15- I am very sorryI am late for dinner-A. No ， you arent B. Thats all rightC. Yes ， you are D. No， you dont答案B.析 Thats all right没关系。16 - Im sorry if I hurt you - A. Im sorryB. Its not trueC. It doesnt matter D. Dont say sorry答案C.17 - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you - A Im sorryB What a pityC It doesnt matter to meD Thats terrible答案B.析 What a pity.真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。18- Mum ， I have passed the exam-A Thats all rightB CongratulationsC You are luck第7页共10页7DGood luck to you答案B.19 - I think I have to leave. I hope we can get together again - A All rightB Thats all rightC OKDI hope so， too答案D.20. Must I wait till he comes back?A. No ， you neednt B. No， you mustnt C. No， you maynot D. No， you cant答案A.析 must 提问表示必须这样做吗 ?而肯定句要用 must ， 表示必须做，而否定句则要用 neednt 表示没有必要做。21 - I pay you the house rent right away? - Yes ， you have to do itA. Shall B. Way C. Must D. Have答案C.22 - It was cold yesterday - A. So was itB. So it wasC. I believe not so D. I believe not答案 B.析 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因so it was即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如：I went to the cinema yesterdaySo did I表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。23 - What do you think of the song?- AI like music very muchBI like it tooCWith pleasureDIt sounds sweet答案 D.析 sound在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。24 Do you like tea or coffee? AYes， I doBThank youCThats fineDEither will do答案 D.析 either will do为两者哪个都可以。25. He likes travelling by trainA. So do IB. I dosC. I like soD. I like it， neither答案A.26- How do you like your school?第8页共10页8-A I like it very muchB Its very beautifulC I doesnt like itD Very well答案 B.析 How do you like是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。27What a nice day!AYoure right BNo， isnt it?CYes， isnt it? DReally?答案 C.析 Yes ， isnt it是的，难道不是个好天气吗 ?28- Hello ， ?- This is Della speakingAWho are youBAre you TomCWho is thatDPlease tell me who are you答案C.析电话用语中that指对方，而this指自己。29-Whats he like?-A He likes EnglishB He is oldC He is like a farmerD He is tall and this答案D.析要区分 Whatshe like?如 What does he like?前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。30How did you do your job?Not very well， AIm sureBI am afraidCThank youDIm sorry答案B.析 I am afraid我恐怕是，我想是。31-your aunt?-She is a principal of a middle schoolAWhat doesBWhere doesCWhat isDWhom is答案C.32 - Could you show me the way to Mr. Buowns office? - ANot at allBIm sureCAll rightDI can do it第9页共10页9答案C.33- Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon?-A Its very kind of youB You are so thoughtfulC Thats a good ideaD Yes， well go答案C.第10页共10页10