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.wd.模块十九：首字母填空一、首字母填空解题技巧首字母填空是阅读体中的一个重点和难点，但是只要掌握良好的解题技巧，静下心来认真对待，细心捉摸就一定能攻克这一堡垒。在做这道题是一般应该把握好如下步骤：1、 通读全文，理解短文大意，判断需填选项的词性，同时将一眼能够得出的答案迅速填上。2、 在理解作者的写作意图上进展换位思考，把自己想象成作者去努力使文章完整、通顺。对于一下子拿不定主意的空项要及时跳过，而不能在上面纠缠，因为往往后面的内容会给予更好的提示。3、 进一步阅读全文，力求整篇文章完整通顺，且符合情理，否则宁缺勿乱。4、 检查每一个答案的正确性，包括名词的数、动词的时态、形容词和副词的准确运用等等。二、例题分析：AThe earth moves round the s 1 . When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is d 2.When our part of the earth turns a 3from the sun, it is night. The sun is much bigger than the moon. But sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun, because it is much n 4to the earth.The sun is very bright. It gives very strong l 5. The moon looks quite bright, but it d 6give any light at all. The light from the moon comes f 7the sun. The moon looks much bigger and brighter t 8the stars. But in fact the stars are a lot bigger and brighter than the m 9. They look smaller than the moon because they are f 10 away from the earth.【解题指导】 本文是一篇科普文章。第一段说明了地球因自转而产生昼夜交替。第二、四两段说明了人们观看月亮、太阳和星星时发生的近大远小的视觉现象，第三段说明了太阳与月亮发光与反光的特征。本文每一个考点都是对天文知识的考察。因此，没有一定的天文常识，则不易读懂本文，更不用说解题了。近年来，中考完形填空的题材趋于多样化。人物、科普、史地、故事、政治、经济、风土人情，均为选材范围，这就要求考生知识广博、视野开阔、广泛涉猎。【答案及简析】 1. sun. 地球围绕太阳运转是天文常识。 2. day. 地球面对太阳的半个球面是白天。 3. away. turn away from意为“背离。地球上背对太阳的一面是夜晚。 4. nearer. much 后接对比级。和太阳比起来月亮离地球近多了。 5. light. give light意为“发光。太阳是发光体。 6. doesnt. 月亮不发光。 7. from. 月亮反射太阳的光，人们所看到的月亮的光来自于太阳。 8. than. 由空前的bigger and brighter 可知，此处应填表示对比的连词than。 9. moon. 根据文意，下句的they代指空格所在句子的主语the stars。因此两句中than后的应是同一物，即moon。 10. farther. 恒星看起来比月亮小，是因为它们离地球比月亮远。从句中的than the moon承前省略。此空仍应该用对比级。 BDogs are good pets. They are very f 1to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c 2and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a s 3arrives. When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s 4-buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y 5is larger. Many people dont know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat a 6anything! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food m 7for dogs in shops. Dont let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l 8water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s 9. Remember that dogs need e 10. You should take it for a walk every day. Dont keep your dog inside all day.【解题指导】本文最突出的一个特点就是决大多数需填词的后面都有一句或两句话的内容是对所填词的内容进展补充说明的。因此，同学们在做这种类型的题时，一定要注意分析上下文的内容，进展推理和归纳，正确的理解句意，最后决定出最正确的词及其正确形式。 【答案及简析】 1. friendly. 人们之所以把狗作为宠物来养，主要是因为它们对比通人性，且对人很友好，能给人们带来欢乐。根据“be very f 1 to people来分析，此空应填一个形容词，说明狗对人的态度。friend是名词，friendly是形容词，故friendly是正确答案。 2. children. 宠物狗自然是在家中养， 它们除了听主人的话以外，与家中的小主人即孩子也是好朋友。由于是指大多数家庭的情况，并受their一词的提示，此处应填“孩子的复数形式，即children。 3. stranger. 狗的天性是护家。文中的watch-dogs意为“看家狗，专门指有生人来时发出叫喊的狗。“生人在英文中即为stranger。 4. size. 这个空略微有点难。一是size一词平时用得较少，二是一般家庭都养小型犬，供狗活动的空间一般不成问题，因此，对狗的体积问题考虑的较少。从后面的句子来看，此处是在谈狗的体积的问题“如果你的家小，就买一只小狗；如果你的家大，就买一只大狗。 5. yours. 这是一个名词性物主代词，代替上半句的your home。此句完整的说法应是buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bigger one if your home is larger. 为防止词的重复使用，在英文句子中常用名词性物主代词代替前面的那个名词。 6. almost. “狗几乎什么都吃。这一点我们从日常生活中也都知道，而且本句话的后面也进展了进一步的解释说明，“他们喜欢吃肉，米饭和其它的东西。 7. made. 这是make的过去分词，在这里与for dogs一起做定语，修饰food，整句的意思是“你可以在食品店买到许多为狗做的食物。这个空也是一个难点。假设没有正确理解句意，很容易写成meat。 8. leave. 有养狗经历的同学都知道，每天一定要给狗留下供它喝的水。狗是靠舌头来散热的，因此它极易渴，特别是在夏天。 9. summer. 如果了解了狗的这一生理功能靠舌头来散热，就不难填出summer一词。 10. exercise. 如果想让狗养成好习惯并不生病的话，就必须每天带它出去散步。从下面的句子You should take it for a walk every day. Dont keep your dog inside all day. 来看，说明狗也需要运动。exercise当“运动讲时， 是一个不可数名词，不能在词尾加s。 【根基题】1A driver stopped his car on a street side to have a rest. He lay down in the seat and c_ his eyes. A man came up and k_at the window to ask the time. The driver o_his eyes and looked at his watch. Its 8 am. he said. Then hewent to sleep again.But soon he woke up b_ a second person was knocking at the window. Sir, do you have the time? he asked. The driver looked at his watch again, and told the man it was 8:30am.At this rate, he could not have a good rest, so he wrote a short n_and put it upon the window for all to see. It s_: I dont have the time. Again the man lay down in the seat for his sleep. A few minutes later, a t_ person came along and beganknocking at the window. “Hay, sir, he said. It is a quarter to nine.Keys: closed, knocked, opened, because, note, said, third.2It was Sunday. I never get up e_ on Sundays. I sometimes_in bed until lunch time. Last Sunday I got up very l_. I looked out of the window. It was d_ outside. What a day! I thought. It is raining again. Just then, the telephone rang.It was my Aunt Lucy. I have just arrived by train, she said. Iam c_to see you.But I am s_having my breakfast, I said. What are you doing? she asked.I am having breakfast, I r_. Dear me. she said. Do you always get up so late? Its one oclock!Keys: early, stay, late, dark, coming, still, replied.3Until a few years ago, only boys could becomes_at the University of Ruritania (鲁里坦尼亚). Later the university decidedto take girls in. But one ofthe teachers, Mr. Goller was not pleased at all. He had not wanted to l_ girl students in.Mr. Goiter always began his lesson with the wordGentlemen. What could he do now? Well, when the girtstudents came to hislesson for the f_ time, he stillbegan with the word. For him the girls were j_notthere. Then one day there was only one boy in his class among a lot of girls. For a moment, Mr. Goller didnt k_what to do. Then he began. Sir!F_, a terrible day came when there were noboys in his class. He came into the room, looked at thegirls and said, Oh, nobodyshere today! He turnedand went out w_ giving his lessons.Keys: students, let, first, just, know, finally, without.4In 1995, Ray Kroc v_a small restaurant inCalifornia. The o_ of it was the McDonald brothers.They built it b_ the road, so people could drive up tothe restaurant, buy food without g_out of their carsand drive away easily. They called it drive-in restaurant.Ray Kroc saw the bright f_of the restaurant ofthis kind. He bought the restaurant and used the brothers familyname for his new r_. The first McDonaldsrestaurant chain was born.Now in the United States, there are more than 5.000 restaurants and it has its chain restaurants in 60 other countries. The l_ McDonalds restaurant is inBeijing. China. It has 1,000 workers. About 700 people can sit and eat there at one time.Keys: visited, owners, beside, going, future, restaurant, largest.5.Millions and millionsof years ago, the world wasmuch w_ than it is now. There was never anywinter or snow. Warm rain fell on the land. Even thesea was warm. In this warm world lived some beasts called dinosaurs. They were the kingsof the world for a long time.In the days of the dinosaurs there were no human beings. So no manhas ever seen a r_dinosaur. But we found a lot about the dinosaurs after years of study. Some dinosaurs lived near the water w_ some lived on land. Some ate only plants and some ateother a_.After millions of years, something h_to thedinosaurs. They began to die out at once. No oneknows what happened. But we know that the world grew a little colder. Maybe the dinosaurs could live when it was very warm, and they died out when it became cold. But we arenot sure. All we know is that the dinosaurs were thekings of the world for a long time. And no animals like them have ever been seen a_.Keys: warmer, real, while, animals, happened, once, again.6.A woman saw three old men sitting in front of the house. She said. Youmust beh_.come in and have something to eat.We do not go into a house together. they replied. Why isthat? asked the woman. One of the old men e_,His name is Wealth, this is Success, and I am Love. Then he went on tosay. Now go in and discuss with your husband which one of us you want in your home.Then the woman went in and told her husbandwhat was said. Her husband said. Lets invite Wealth! Let himcomeand fill our home with wealth! His wifed_, My dear, why dont we invite Success? Then thedaughter made a s_, Would it be better to invite Love? Our home will then be filled with love! Lets take our daughters advice, said the father.Love got up and started walking toward the house.The other two also got up and f_him. Surprised, the lady asked Wealth and Success, I only inviteLove. Why are you coming in with him?The old men answered t_, If you hadinvited Wealth or Success, the other two of us would have stayed out,s_ you invited Love, there is also Wealth and Success!Keys: hungry, explained, disagreed, suggestion, followed, together, since7.When you want to go s_, decide how muchmoney you can s_ on new clothes. Think about the kind of clothes you really need. Then look for thoseclothes on sale.There are labels(标签)inside all new clothes. The labels tellyou how to take care of your clothes. The label for ashirt may tell you to wash it in w_water. A sweaterlabel may tell you to wash it in cold water The label ona coat may say dry clean only. If you do as the d_ sayon the label, you can keep your clothes looking theirbest.Many clothes must be dry cleaned. Drycleaning is expensive. When buying new clothes, check to see ifthey will need to be dry cleaned. You will save money ifyou buy clothes that can be washed.You can save money if you buy clothes that arewell made. Well-made clothes l_longer. They lookgood even after they have been washed many times. Clothes that c_more money are not always better made. They do not always fit better. Sometimes l_ expensive clothes look and fit better than moreexpensive clothes.Keys: shopping, spend, warm, directions, money, last, cost, less, 8.When Albert Einstein started to work in America, someoneasked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk,some paper and pencils. He also asked for a big waste-paper basketto hold a_of his mistakes. Thismeant that he knew even the cleverest man in the worldcan only learn by making m_.Einstein regarded time as something very i_. Henever wore socks and he thought p_on socks was awaste of time as people already wore shoes. He also thought it was a waste of time remembering things that could quickly befound in ab_. That is w_ he neverremembered his own phone number, which was in the phonebook. He knew what was worth remembering. It isthat if we are going to do great things in ourlives, we cannot waste our time.Einstein liked to j_ too. Once in an examination a student asked him why all the questions werethe same as last years. Einstein said the questions were the same but the answers were d_Keys: any, mistakes, important, putting, book, why, true, joke, different9.Now satellites are to forecast the weather.They are in s_, and they canreachany part of theworld. The satellites take the picturesof the atmosphere,because this is where the weatherforms. They send thesepictures to the weather station. So the scientists there can see the weather of any part of the world and tell how the weather will c_.Today,n_ 500 weather stations in 60 countriescan receive satellite pictures. When they receive the newpictures, they compare them with the e_ ones.Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changedd_the last few hours. This may m_ that theweather on the ground may soon change, too. In theirnext weather forecast, they can tellpeople about it.So the weather satellites are of great h_ to thescientists at the station. In the pastthey couldforecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecast for 3 or 5 days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or m_ ahead.Keys: space, change, nearly, earlier, during, mean, help, more.10.Most parents always think that they have offered the best things they can to make their children live in ac_ world. They buy their children pretty clothes, cool shoes, strange but e_ school things, and a thousand-yuan-cost bike. They think that they have done ethey can for their dear little children. In _, they only want their children to give them good results in the examinations.But their little children still cant understand them.Why? Does it m_ that they still want more material things? No! As a matter of fact, what they want is a true family. What does a true family mean? I think it means a place where we can hideo_ from theoutside cold world. From here, we can get warmth. We can get consolation(抚慰), and we can get h_. And one important thing is that we should be stronger and more confident in the outside world because we know that we have a family.Keys: comfortable, expensive, everything, return, mean, ourselves, help, 11.In Spain there once l_ a king and he was very fond of joke. I will give a bag full of gold. he said,to the person who can tell me the best story. There isonly one r_, it must be a story which I can notbelieve. If I can believe it. then I wont give away thebag of gold.People came to the king from all parts of the c_. They brought strange and w_stories. The king sat inhis palace and listen to all the stories. He e_them very much, but to each person he said. I can believe thatstory. It could h_and it may be true. So I wontgive you the bag of gold.At last a poor old man came to the palace. He wascarrying a huge stone jar. The old man went into the kings room and said. Oh, King, your good father was once a poor man andmy father was rich. They were very good friends. Myfather gave your father a large bag like this one.and it was full of gold. Your father p_ to give backthe gold when he became rich. But he didnt give it back. Now I am poor and you are rich. And I want the gold. The king didnt believe the story and he had to give the poor old man the bag of gold.Keys: lived, joke, country, wonderful, enjoyed, happen, promised. 12Dear Smith,Thank you very much for your letter. I am glad that youenjoyed your h_ with me. We enjoyed having youand your sister here. We hope that you willb_ be able to come again next year. Perhaps youll be able to s_longer next time you come. A week is not reallylong e_, is it? If your school has five weeks holiday next year, perhaps you will be able to stay with us for twoor three weeks.We have been long b_ at school for three weeks. It feels like three months! I know that you are working very hard now that you are in Grade One. I shallhave to work hard next year when I am inGrade One.Tom and Ann went for a picnic yesterday but I did notgo with them b_I cut my foot and I couldnt walk very well. They went to an island and enjoyed themselves there. Do you still remember the island? That iswhere all five of us s_the last day of our holiday.We send our best wishes to Betty and you. We hope tosee you soon.Yours sincerely. MichaelKEYS: holiday, both, stay, enough, back, because, spent13.We know the mosquito very well. Mosquitoes fly everywhere. They can be found almost all over the world, and there are more than 2,500 k_ of them.No one 1_the mosquito. But the mosquito maydecide what she loves. She? Yes, she. It is true that malemosquito doesnt bite and only the female mosquitobites because she needs blood to lay e_. She is alwayslooking for things or p_ she wants to bite. If shelikes what she finds, she bites. But if she doesnt like yourblood, she will turn to someone e_for more deliciousblood. Next time a mosquito bites you just remember youare c_. You are different from the others.If the mosquito likes you, she lands on your bodyw_letting you know. She bites you so quickly andq_that you may not feel anything different.Keys: kind, likes, eggs, people, else, chosen, without, quietly14.My grandfather was a teacher. He was the headmasterofa school for boys between the ages of thirteen and eighteen. Iknow that he was a kind man when I was young(and he was old), he gave me presents, and sat me on hisk_ and told me s_. But I believe the boys at hisschool were a_of him.At school, when he walked into a room full ofnaughtyboys, they stopped t_at once. Whenhe looked at a boy with a certain look in his eyes, that boy wasred in the face, and looked down at his s_. If a boybrought him p_ homework, my grandfather wouldpick up the boys book and throw it across the room, shouting.Do it again, and bring it back first thing in themorning! If the boy was late, or if he f_to bringhis work, he had to do it again, and again, and yet again.Keys: knees, stories, afraid, talking, shoes, poor, forgot15.No one knows why we sleep, but it is certain that we needto. People who are prevented from sleeping begin to suffer obvious effects after a few days-theythink l_ clearly, and they fall asleep d_ theworking hours.There are no rules about sleep. Generally speaking,grown-ups sleep about 7 and a half hours each night, and probably more than 60% get b_seven and eighthours. But perhaps eight percent are quite happy with 5 hours or less, and four percent or so feel that theywant ten hours or more. If you feel all right, you are probablygettinge_sleep. The important thing is not how much other people get. Theirneed may be different. Exercise doesnt seem toincrease the need for sleep. Office workers, for example, sleep for about as long as people doing physically active work.C_ sleep more than grown-ups do. Sleeppatterns also tend to be different in the old people, who maysleep less at night than they didw_they wereyounger. They find sleep getting more broken, and often make it a restto sleep during the d_.Keys: less, during, between, enough, Children, when, daytime16.The police do many things for us. They help keep our things and us safe. They help keep cars m_ safely. They take care of people who are h_, thenthey see these people get to a doctor.The police go around town to see that everything isall right. They get around town in many w_. Someof them walk or go by car. In some big cities, some of the police e_ ride on horses. It is strange to see these animals in thestreet.As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimesthey find 1_children. They take the children home.If the police see a fight, they put an end to it rightaway. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to ap_in town. The police can always tell the peoplewhich way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.Some police stand at crossings. They tell the cars when to go and when to stop. They make sure that the cars do not go too fast. They help children cross the street. They alsohelp people who cant walk too well.W_the police, our streets would not be safe.Cars might go too fast and hurt people. Lost people might never be f_. The police do a great job.Keys: moving, hurt, ways, even, lost, place, Without, found17.About 97% of water on the earth is sea water, orsalty water. Man can only drink or use the other 3% off_ water which comes from rivers, lakesand u_.The sea is very big. Look at the m_ of theworld. There is more sea than land. It covers three quarters of the earth. It looks very beautiful when the sunis shining on it. But it can be t_ when there is astrong wind.Some parts of the s
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