2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷21

2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题A coat of paint will develop small cracks as it（ ） over time.问题1选项A.peelsB.shrinksC.hardensD.fades【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项peel“剥落”；B选项shrink“收缩”；C选项harden“变硬”；D选项fade“褪色”。句意：一层油漆随着时间的推移会剥落，从而产生小裂缝。选项A符合语境。2. 翻译题Translate the following into English公民、法人的合法民事权益受法律保护，任何组织和个人不得侵犯。已满16岁的人犯罪，应当负刑事贵任。【答案】The lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and juristic person are protected by the law, and any organization or individual is not allowed to infringe them.A person of no less than 16 years old who commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.3. 单选题The foreign student in China is（ ）with a good deal of Chinese culture.问题1选项A.scatteredB.overflowedC.permeatedD.manipulated【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项scattered“分散的，散乱的”；B选项overflowed“溢出的”；C选项permeated“渗透，弥漫”，be permeated with洋溢着；D选项manipulated“操作”。句意：在中国的外国学生洋溢着大量的中国文化气息。选项C更符合语境。4. 单选题The University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurism Sohaii Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universities by writers representing both Western and non一Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University-a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great libraries.Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education marked, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content -or other dangerswill necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?”Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrow s university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would function much like todays faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidleys view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems title reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be enrolled in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between-or even during- sessions at a real-world problem-focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.1.When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University,（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential of the Internet University?3.According to the review, what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?4.Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrows university faculty, university teachers（ ）.5.Which category of writing does the review belong to?问题1选项A.he is in favour of itB.his view is balancedC.he is slightly critical of itD.he is strongly critical of it问题2选项A.Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.B.Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C.Internet -based courseware may lack variety in course content.D.The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.问题3选项A.Knowledge learning and career building.B.Learning how to solve existing social problems.C.Researching into solutions to current world problems.D.Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning问题4选项A.are required to conduct more independent research.B.are required to offer more courses to their studentsC.are supposed to assume more demanding dutiesD.are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty问题5选项A.NarrationB.DescriptionC.PersuasionD.Exposition【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.观点态度题。根据原文可知，第二段讲到了网络大学的优势，第三段提到，网络大学也带来了危险，由此可知，他们的态度是客观的不偏不倚的，所以选项B正确。2.判断推理题。根据第三段的最后一句“Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work. 除了实施严格的标准化课程，这种盒子里的大学教育可能会以低于许多传统实体院校的价格出售资料，有效地迫使它们停业，并导致数千名职业学者失业。”选项A“互联网课程可能比传统课程更便宜”符合原文；选项B“传统学校的教师可能会失业”正确；选项C“互联网课件在课程内容上可能缺乏多样性”与原文“实施标准化课程”相符，只有选项D在文中没有提及，所以本题选D。3.判断推理题。根据第五段的内容“学术界的许多人，包括撰写本卷的学者，都在质疑大学教育的根本使命。例如，如果大学生和教授可以把他们的学习和研究工作集中在当地社区和世界上存在的问题上，而不是接受主要的技术培训和建立自己的职业生涯，那会怎么样?”由此可知，传统大学教育的根本使命是：接受主要的技术培训和建立自己的职业生涯。也就是学习知识和职业建设。选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据倒数第四段的内容“Jennifer Gidley向我们展示了未来的大学教师们将如何扮演三个新角色，而不再是讲课和进行独立研究。”由此可排除选项A；根据倒数第二句“A second group, mentors, would function much like todays faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. 第二个，导师将会像今天的教师顾问一样，但是可能会与更多自己专业外的学生合作。”由此可排除选项D；选项B在文中没有提及；所以只有选项C“需要承担更艰巨的任务”是正确的。5.判断推理题。本题问的是这篇文章的写作类型，Narration记叙文；Description描述；Persuasion说服；Exposition说明文。选项A和D属于写作类型，选项B和C属于写作手法，所以首先排除选项B和C。再根据第一段的内容可知，本文主要讲的是Sohaii Inayatullah和Jennifer Gidley共同编撰的转型中的大学这本书中所提到的内容，属于说明文。所以选项D正确。5. 单选题He is acting as（ ）while the manager is away on business.问题1选项A.agencyB.policyC.deputyD.colleague【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项agency“代理，中介”；B选项policy“政策，方针”；C选项deputy“代理人，代表”；D选项colleague“同事”。句意：经理出差期间，由他作为代理人。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题John failed in the final examination because he was（ ） to the teachers advice.问题1选项A.immuneB.indifferentC.ignorantD.informed【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项immune“免疫的”；B选项indifferent“冷淡的，不关心的”；C选项ignorant“无知的，愚昧的”；D选项inform“通知，告发”。句意：John期末考试不及格，因为他不听老师的劝告。be indifferent to知“不在乎，对漠不关心”，所以选项B符合句意。7. 单选题Each month 5 Yuan is（ ）from my salary for house-repairing payment.问题1选项A.excludedB.expelledC.compelledD.docked【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项exclude“排除”；B选项expel“驱逐，开除”；C选项compel“强迫”；D选项dock“使靠码头，从（工资）中扣除（一部分的钱）”。句意：每个月从我的工资中扣去5元用于修房子。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题Since the couple could not（ ） their difference, they decided to get a divorce.问题1选项A.reconcileB.complyC.coincideD.resign【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项reconcile“调和，使一致”；B选comply“遵守，顺从”；C选项coincide“一致，符合”；D选项resign“辞职”。句意：由于这对夫妇无法调和他们之间的分歧，他们决定离婚。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题Genetically modified crops are everywhere. It seems even in Europe, strict laws designed to keep the European Union free of GM crops are not working, instead are posing problems for the EU: Farmerss representatives say that supplies of animal feed for poultry and pigs are being refused entry at European ports when found to contain even trace amounts of GM material.Under Europes “zero-tolerance” laws on GM, introduced in 2007, the presence of even a few seeds of GM material will rule out an entire shipment. The animal feed industry says the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable, given todays global supply chain. “Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe, we dont understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade.” says Pekka Pesonen, secretary general of Copa-Cogeca, a federation of groups representing 15 million EU farmers in total. He claims that European pig and poultry farmers will go out of business unless the EU adopts a more practical checking approach by setting a standard say 0.5 percentbeneath which GM is tolerated. Pesonen says such “tolerances” operate for other pollution, including pesticides and heavy metals. So why not for GM material, much of which has been cleared for human consumption elsewhere in the world?Last year 200,000 tons of conventional animal feed mainly soy and com were refused entry to the EU when they were found to contain small amounts of GM com varieties. Then flax from Canada was found to contain traces of a GM variety named CDC Triffid that was withdrawn from commercial sale in 2001. Following a prohibition on flax more than 100 shipments were rejected, but trade is slowly resuming. The rejected tonnages is only a small part of the 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads to delays to subsequent contracts, higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments.Prices will be higher still this year, says Pesonen. owing to natural disaster in South America and a growing market for American farmers selling crops to Asia, which accepts mixed shipments. Increasing numbers of GM crop varieties are on the way. At present, around 30 varieties are grown around the world, blit that is predicted to double twice by 2015. making screening more difficult than ever.A further conflict arises because all the European officials are due to be replaced in February. A spokeswoman for the health commission, which introduced the zero-tolerance policy to satisfy widespread questionings in Europe about the safety of GM crops, says that intensive discussion on feed imports have already taken place. “Once the new commission is established, it will have to consider how to proceed on this matter.” she says.1.European laws against GM products（ ）.2.Taking todays global supply chain into account, the animal feed industry thinks that（ ）.3.What is European farmers attitude to GM according to Pekka Pesonen?4.After some shipments are refused to be imported,（ ）.5.According to the last paragraph, why did the health commission introduce the zero-tolerance policy?问题1选项A.manage to function wellB.bring troubles to farmersC.help farmers a lotD.allow food with GM material问题2选项A.GM material is possible to be preventedB.European laws are impracticalC.Only the international supply chain can workD.Goods should be prohibited once any GM stuff is found问题3选项A.They think its reasonable for people to worry about GMs influence.B.They think its understandable to set an absolute limit on GM products.C.They will be broken if EU help them to limit GM effect.D.They think 0.5 percent is too high a standard.问题4选项A.Trade is going down all the wayB.People still sign trade on timeC.Goods are getting more expensiveD.Merchants try risking trading again问题5选项A.Because the European officials are to be replacedB.Because the policy is the result of the intensive discussion.C.Because it wants to eliminate the doubts about the GM crops safety.D.Because the price of GM crops is very high.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第二段的内容：欧洲2007年出台了关于转基因的“零容忍”法律。动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的。Copa-Cogeca组织的秘书长Pekka Pesonen说：“欧洲的养猪户和家禽养殖户将会破产，除非欧盟采取一种更实际的检查方法，设定一个可以容忍转基因的标准，比如0.5%。”由此可推断，这一法律给农民带来了麻烦，所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“The animal feed industry says the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable, given todays global supply chain.动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的，因为考虑到当今的全球供应链，转基因物质几乎是不可避免的。”选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Pekka Pesonen”定位到第二段的内容“Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe, we dont understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade.尽管我们理解欧洲消费者的担忧，但我们不理解零容忍，因为它关闭了贸易。”由此可知，欧洲农民认为人们担心转基因产品的影响是合理的。选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后两句“ The rejected tonnages is only a small part of the 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads to delays to subsequent contracts, higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments.被拒绝的吨数只是每年进口的3200万吨饲料的一小部分。但这导致随后的合同延期、价格上涨以及进口商不愿冒进一步发货的风险。”由此可知，选项C正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“.introduced the zero-tolerance policy to satisfy widespread questionings in Europe about the safety of GM crops.（委员会）推出零容忍政策，以满足欧洲对转基因作物安全性的普遍质疑”。选项C符合原文。10. 单选题Fingerprints, one of the great deciders of innocence or guilt in criminal charges, are now in the dock themselves. This is because of a growing number of claims from defendants that their prints have been lifted and planted at scenes of crimes. And these allegations are being taken seriously by lawyers, judges and policemen because it is possible to move a fingerprint from one spot and place it elsewhere.With one of the cornerstones of evidence now being placed in doubt a committee of criminal lawyers is carrying out an inquiry into fingerprinting. The investigation has been ordered by Justice, the prestigious legal organization, and a report is due early next year. Last night a spokesman for Justice said: “There are an increasing number of cases where people are claiming their prints have been transferred and put on incriminating objects. We are not aiming to establish if these allegations are true or not, but we are questioning current fingerprinting methods as part of a general investigation into scientific evidence. Some of Britains top criminal lawyers are worried about this increasing number of claims.”How can a fingerprint be transferred? A finger mark left on a greasy glass or some other smooth surface can be “lifted” with a strip of adhesive. It can then be deposited on another, perhaps incriminating object. Accusations about planted prints were first put up at an old Baileg IRA bomb trial nine years ago without success. Fingerprints at the scene of a crime used to be dusted down with fine powder, photographed for identification purposes, then the pictures and objects carrying the prints were produced in court.However, since 1973 a new method of taking prints has been generally used in Britain. Police experts now use a strip of adhesive tape to lift a print which is then produced in court as evidence. Before 1973 the object on which the prints were found a little dagger or a gun used to be shown in court as well. This is no longer necessary. As a result criminals are claiming that their prints have been lifted and planted elsewhere. According to ex-chief Superintendent Squires, lifting a mark and transferring it to another object “requires great skill and trouble.” He added: “Its almost impossible but it can be done. It can usually be easily detected by someone like me. but there is a chance that even I may not be able to tell.”1.Fingerprints have traditionally been regarded as（ ）.2.The investigation into fingerprinting is（ ）.3.The passage suggests that（ ）.4.Since 1973,（ ）.问题1选项A.the only proof of a suspected criminals innocence or guiltB.one of many proofs of a suspected criminals innocence or guiltC.no proof of a suspected criminals innocence or guiltD.a key proof of a suspected criminals innocence or guilt问题2选项A.to prove that policemen have been behaving dishonestlyB.to establish the truth of the allegationsC.part of a wider investigationD.to allay the fears of some top criminal lawyers问题3选项A.some of the allegations against fingerprinting are justifiedB.transferring fingerprints is too much trouble for most policemenC.transferring fingerprints is a very delicate operationD.it is likely that some policemen transfer fingerprints问题4选项A.fingerprints at the scene of a crime have been dusted down with fine powder and photographed.B.it has been necessary to produce in court the objects on which the prints were foundC.there have been successful claims against police fingerprinting methods in the United States and Great Britain.D.police fingerprinting methods have been simplified【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“Fingerprints, one of the great deciders of innocence or guilt in criminal charges, are now in the dock themselves. 在刑事指控中，指纹，曾经是刑事起诉中判断一个人是否有罪的决定性因素之一，而现在它却成为了众矢之的。”由此可知，选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段倒数第二句“We are not aiming to establish if these allegations are true or not, but we are questioning current fingerprinting methods as part of a general investigation into scientific evidence. 我们的目的不是确定这些辩解是否正确，而是质疑目前的指纹识别方法作为对科学证据普遍调查研究的一部分是否合理。”由此可知，对指纹的调查是广泛调查的一部分，选项C符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“According to ex-chief Superintendent Squires, lifting a mark and transferring it to another object requires great skill and trouble. 据前总警司Squires说，采集指纹并把它转移到另一个物体上需要高超的技巧并且很麻烦。”也就是说：转移指纹是一项非常精细的工作。其他选项均不正确，只有选项C符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据关键时间点“1973”定位到最后一段第一句“since 1973 a new method of taking prints has been generally used in Britain. Police experts now use a strip of adhesive tape to lift a print which is then produced in court as evidence. 自1973年以来，英国普遍采用一种新的采集指纹的方法。警方专家现在使用一条胶带来揭下指纹，然后在法庭上出示作为证据。”再根据下文的描述，在此之前在法庭上出示指纹需要带上沾有指纹的物品，比如一把小匕首或一把枪，而新的方法只需要一条胶带就能揭下指纹，说明取指纹的方法简化了，所以选项D符合原文。11. 单选题A（ ）examination is one which is in preparation for something.问题1选项A.predominantB.prematureC.perfectibleD.preliminary【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项predominant“卓越的，支配的”；B选项premature“不成熟的”；C选项perfectible“可完成的”；D选项preliminary“初步的，开始的”。句意：初步的测试是为某事做准备的考试。选项D符合句意。12. 单选题She fell off her horse and badly（ ） herself.问题1选项A.woundedB.damagedC.injuredD.harmed【答案】C【解析】同义词辨析题。A选项wound“受伤”；B选项damage“损害”；C选项 injure“伤害”；D选项harm“危害”。句意：她从马上摔下来，受了重伤。四个选项都有受伤的意思，但wound侧重于在战争中受伤；damage通常指对无生命物体造成的损害；injure侧重于意外事故导致的伤害；harm侧重于导致严重的后果。所以选项C更符合语境。13. 单选题How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same consequences today as it did in the 1930s when