2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第146期

2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic _ of matter, and the miracles of life.问题1选项A.bacteriaB.constituentsC.erosionD.contexts【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 bacteria “细菌”；B选项constituents “成分”；C选项erosion “侵蚀，腐蚀”；D选项 contexts “环境，上下文”。句意：科学和技术的进步使我们能够了解宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的和生命的奇迹。根据matter（物质）可推测与其搭配的是constituents。结合句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项contexts（环境）也不能与matter（物质）搭配，因此B选项为正确答案。2. 单选题Many renowned scientists questioned the validity of the assumption.问题1选项A.creditB.weaknessC.correctnessD.uncertainty【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项credit“信用，信誉”；B选项 weakness“弱点；软弱；嗜好”；C选项correctness“正确性”；D选项 uncertainty“犹豫；不确定的事物；不确定度”。句意：许多著名的科学家对这一假设的正确性提出了质疑。结合此处关键词 questioned the of the assumption（对假设提出质疑），结合句意，得知C选项正确。3. 写作题We are paying more attention to the vulnerable (weak) groups of people in our society, such as the disabled, the sick elderly, the divorced mothers, and children with rural-worker parents in big cities, and etC.What is your attitude towards them? Please give your opinion. You may focus on a particular group or the vulnerable as a whole group. Write a passage about 200 words. You must show your clear point of view with sufficient supporting points. You should have your own title.【答案】略4. 单选题There are many ways to recycle used materials, for example, _ rubber from old tires.问题1选项A.detectingB.declaringC.reclaimingD.requiring【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 detect “察觉；发现；探测”；B选项 declare “宣布，声明；断言，宣称”；C选项 reclaim “开拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改；抗议，喊叫”；D选项 require “需要；要求；命令”。句意：有很多方法回收使用过的材料，例如，从旧轮胎中回收橡胶。结合此处语境，C选项正确。5. 单选题We must live with the knowledge that all living creatures are _.问题1选项A.moralB.fierceC.fatalD.mortal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 moral “道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项 fierce “凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项 fatal “致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项 mortal “凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。故选D。6. 翻译题China Dream is the guiding ideology put forward by President Xi Jinping. He believes that it is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern times, and states that the dream can definitely be realizeD.The core objective of China Dream is to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. To be more specific, that is to realize national prosperity and rejuvenation, as well as the well-being of people. And its fundamental requirement is to build a well-off society in an all-round way. Only when the country is developed comprehensively and scientifically, can individuals realize their dreams. Similarly, only when everyone is full of passion, can China Dream be beautiful.【答案】中国梦，是习近平主席提出的指导思想。他认为，这是近代以来中华民族最伟大的梦想，这个梦想一定能够实现。中国梦的核心目标是实现中华民族伟大复兴。具体来说，就是要实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建设小康社会。只有国家全面科学发展，个人才能实现自己的梦想。同样，只有每个人都充满激情，中国梦才会美丽。7. 单选题Congress delegates waited _ for the congratulatory telegram from Moscow when the new party was formed.问题1选项A.in termsB.in the long runC.in viewD.in vain【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 in terms “明确地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B选项 in the long run “长远；终究”；C选项 in view “在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标”；D选项 in vain “徒然；无效”。句意：当新政党成立时，国会代表们焦急地等待来自莫斯科的贺电。结合句意，判断出选项A为正确答案。8. 单选题Condemned to death, Socrates could have escaped but chose to die by drinking poisonseeking truth even to the _ end.问题1选项A.strongB.deadC.dyingD.lethal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 strong“强壮的”；B选项 dead“无生命的；呆板的；废弃了的”；C选项dying“垂死的；临终的；濒临消亡的；快要结束的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：判处死刑，苏格拉底本可以逃脱但选择喝毒药寻求真理。根据poison（毒药），A，B，C项都不能与poison（毒药）进行搭配，结合句意，选项D为正确答案。9. 单选题In many countries now, smoking is not _ in public places.问题1选项A.permissiveB.permutableC.perniciousD.permissible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项permissive“宽容的”；B选项 permutable “可排列的；能交换的”； C选项 pernicious“ 有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；D选项 permissible“可允许的；获得准许的”。句意：在许多国家，吸烟在公共场所是不。结合句意，A，B，C选项可以排除，D选项permissible（可允许的；获得准许的）最符合语意，吸烟在公众场合是不被允许的，因此选项D正确。10. 单选题Fortune-tellers are good at making _ statements such as “Your sorrows will change”.问题1选项A.philosophicalB.ambiguousC.literalD.invalid【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 philosophical “哲学的（等于philosophic）；冷静的”；B选项 ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；C选项 literal “文字的；逐字的；无夸张的”；D选项 invalid “无效的；有病的；残疾的”。句意：算命的人擅长说一些模棱两可的话，比如“你的悲伤会变的”。根据句意，B选项正确。11. 单选题The man had either to leave the country immediately or to surrender himself to the enemy and had no other choice.问题1选项A.alternativeB.hopeC.resourceD.approach【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项alternative“二中选一；供替代的选择 ”；B选项hope“希望”；C选项resource“资源”；D选项 approach“方式”。句意：这个人要么立即离开这个国家，要么向敌人投降，结合此处关键短语leave the country（离开这个国家）以及surrender himself to the enemy（向敌人投降），可推测他是在两者之间进行选择，由此得知A选项正确。12. 单选题European Union environmental officials have determined that two kinds of genetically modified corn could harm butterflies, affect food chains and disturb life in rivers and streams, and they have proposed a ban on the sale of the seeds, which are made by DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and SyngentA.The preliminary decisions are circulating within the European Commission, which has the final say. Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upset the powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions with important trading partners like the United States. The seeds are not available on the European market for cultivation.In the decisions, the environment commissioner, Stavros Dimas, contends that the genetically modified com, or maize could affect certain butterfly species, specifically the monarch, and other beneficial insects. For instance, research this year indicates that larvae of the monarch butterfly exposed to the genetically modified com “behave differently than other larvae.” In the decision concerning the corn seeds produced by Dow and Pioneer, Mr. Dimas calls “potential damage on the environment irreversible.” In the decision on Syngentas com, he says that “the level of risk generated by the cultivation of this product for the environment is unacceptable.”A decision by the European Union to bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in the trade bloc, and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modified corn. Banning the applications for corn crops also would mark a bold new step for European environmental authorities, who are already aggressively pursuing regulations on emissions from cars and aircraft, setting it at odds with the United States and angering industries.“These products have been grown in the U.S. and other countries for years,” said Stephen Norton, a spokesman for the United States trade representative, “We are not aware of any other case when a product has been rejected after having been reviewed and determined safe by European food safety authorities,” he said.Barbara Helfferich, a spokeswoman for Mr. Dimas, declined to comment on the specifics of the procedure because commissioners had not yet made a final decision. But she said that the European Union was within its rights to make decisions based on the “precautionary principle” even when scientists had found no definitive evidence proving products can cause harm. She said that the decisions by Mr. Dimas could go before the commission within a few weeks, but she said that no date had been set. In the decisions, Mr. Dimas cited recent research showing that consumption of genetically modified “com byproducts reduced growth and increased mortality of non-target stream insects” and that these insects “are important prey for aquatic and riparian predators” and that this could have “unexpected ecosystem-scale consequences.”Although still preliminary, his decisions could drastically tilt the policy against future approvals of genetically modified crops, said Nathalie Moll, a spokeswoman for Europabio, an industry group with 80 members including Syngenta, Pioneer and Dow. Europabio says that the crops grown using the genetically modified com are already imported into several European countries, including France and Germany, where they are used to feed animals like cows and chickens.Rob Gianfranceschi, spokesman at the United States mission to the European Union in Brussels, said it was too early to comment on a decision that had not yet been formalizeD.But he made clear that the United States remained frustrated with European policies on genetically modified crops.1. The preliminary decisions are made by _ .2. To the decisions, the European Commission officials attitudes are _.3. About the decisions, which one of the following statements is TRUE?4. Mr. Dimas cited many researches on the genetically modified corn in his decision in order to _.5. The word “tilt” in ParA.6 most probably means _.问题1选项A.Stavros DimasB.European Union environmental officialsC.European CommissionD.DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and Syngenta问题2选项A.skepticalB.controversialC.divergentD.contradictory问题3选项A.The decisions aim to put a ban on the sale of the seeds of genetically modified corn due to political and biological concernsB.The decisions could probably be made even if no definitive evidence proving the products harmful is foundC.The decisions are warmly embraced by all EU members but bitterly rejected by their trade partnersD.There is high possibility that the decisions would be approved by the European Commission问题4选项A.dispel some officials doubt on his decisionsB.assure that they can be presented before the commission with solid evidenceC.demonstrate the latest achievement of his decisionD.enhance the strength of his decision-making问题5选项A.induceB.affectC.inclineD.evoke【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词“preliminary decisions”（初步的决定）可定位到文中第一段第二句“The preliminary decisions are circulating within the European Commission,”（初步决定正在拥有最终决定权的欧盟委员会内部流传），故判断C选项“欧盟委员会”正确。2.细节事实题。由题干关键词“European Commission official”（欧盟委员会官员）可定位到文中第一段第三句“Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upset the powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions with important trading partners like the United States.”（一些官员对这一禁令持怀疑态度，因为它将扰乱强大的生物技术产业，并可能加剧与美国等重要贸易伙伴的紧张关系）。A选项“持怀疑态度的”符合题意，因此A选项正确。B选项“有争议的”，可排除。C选项“发散的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“矛盾的”不符合题意，可排除。3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“decisions”（决定）可定位到文中第三段“A decision by the European Union to bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in the trade bloc, and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modified corn”。中文翻译：欧盟禁止种植转基因作物的决定，将是欧盟首次做出此类决定，并将加剧围绕转基因作物的持续斗争。A选项“出于政治和生物方面的考虑，这些决定旨在禁止销售转基因玉米种子”符合题意，因此A选项正确。B选项“即使没有确凿的证据证明产品有害，也有可能做出决定”，可排除。C选项“这些决定受到所有欧盟成员国的热烈欢迎，但遭到其贸易伙伴的强烈反对”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“这些决定很有可能得到欧盟委员会的批准。”不符合题意，可排除。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Mr. Dimas”可定位到文中的第二段。A选项“打消了一些官员对他的决定的怀疑。”官员对于转基因玉米对环境的影响持肯定态度，Mr. Dimas与他们的观点一致，因此可排除A选项。B选项“确保向委员会提供确凿证据。”符合题意，B选项正确。C选项“展示他决定的最新成果。”联系上下文，Mr. Dimas的观点不是为了展示他决定的最新成果，因此可排除。D选项“增强他的决策力。”也不符合题意，也可排除。因此，选项B正确。5.词义辨析题。由题干关键词可定位到文中第六段。A选项“诱导；引起”，B选项“影响”，C选项“倾向于；（使）倾向于”，D选项“引起，唤起；博得”。根据关键词“policy”（政策），可排除A、D选项，由关键词“drastically”（彻底地，激烈地）可推测这个决定的所产生的后果比较严重，因此B选项可排除。C选项与词义意思相近，因此，C选项正确。13. 单选题Tonys mother loves Peking opera and whenever there is a new play, she asks Tony to buy tickets for her.问题1选项A.adornsB.adaptsC.adoptsD.adores【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 adorns“装饰；使生色”；B选项 adapts“适合的；使适应，改编”；C选项 adopts“收养”；D选项adores“崇拜；喜爱；极喜欢”。句意：托尼的妈妈喜欢京剧，每当有新戏上演，她就让托尼给她买票。结合句意，A，B，C选项都可排除，得知D选项正确。14. 单选题The chocolate company maintained stable sales _ and increased profits by 4.7% in the fiscal period ending in February.问题1选项A.volumesB.rowsC.dimensionsD.outputs【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 volumes “体积，容量”；B选项rows “一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C选项 dimensions “规模，大小”；D选项outputs “输出”。句意：在2月份结账期结束巧克力公司保持稳定的销售，并增加了4.7%的利润。sales volumes为固定搭配，译为销售量，因此A选项正确。15. 单选题Sometimes it has been argued that the evolution was _ and more recently still it has been argued that no evolution in either direction took place.问题1选项A.on the other handB.the other way roundC.on the groundsD.the other way about【答案】C【解析】考查词组。A选项 on the other hand “另一方面”；B选项 the other way round “相反”；C选项 on the grounds “是基于事实的”；D选项 the other way about “相反地，以相反方式”。句意：有时人们争论说进化是基于事实的，而最近人们还争论说没有朝任何一个方向发生进化。结合句意判断出C选项正确。16. 单选题We often _ our energies in trivial occupations.问题1选项A.dissipatedB.indulgedC.unscrambledD.took【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 dissipated“消散；浪费 ”；B选项indulged “沉溺；满足；放任”；C选项unscrambled “使还原；译出；理顺，理清”；D选项 took “拿；取；接受”。句意：我们经常我们的精力在琐碎的工作上。根据单词trivial occupations （琐碎的工作），可推测我们经常会浪费我们的精力在一些琐碎的工作上，结合此处语境，选项A为正确答案。17. 单选题Specialist Music SchoolsHow to cope with a child who shows outstanding musical ability? Its not always clear how best to develop and encourage their gift. Many parents may even fail to recognize and respond to their childs need until frustration explodes into difficult or uncooperative behavior. And while most schools are equipped to deal with children who are especially able in academic subjects, the musically gifted require special understanding which may not always be available in an ordinary school especially one where music is regarded as a secondary activity. Such children as well as those whose ability is actively encouraged by parents or teachers may well benefit from the education offered by a specialist music school.The five music schools in Britain are a relatively recent introduction. They aim to provide a sympathetic environment in which gifted children aged between seven and eighteen can develop their skills to the full under the guidance of professional musicians.Children at specialist music schools spend between one third and one half of an average day on musical activities, for example, individual lessons (up to three hours a week on first and second instruments), orchestras, chamber groups, voice training, conducting and theory. They also spend several hours a day practicing in properly equipped private rooms, sometimes with a teacher. The rest of their time is taken up with a restricted academic program, which tends to concentrate on the essential subjects English, math, basic sciences and languages although provision can be made for students who wish to study a wider range of subjects. All five British specialist schools are independent, classes are small by normal school standards, with a high teacher/pupil ratio. Most children attending specialist schools tend to be boarders, leaving home to live, eat and sleep full-time at school. This means they spend their formative years in the company of others with similar aims and interests.What are the disadvantages? An obvious problem is the cost, the fees are high ( 12,000 17,000 a year for boarders). However, each school will make every effort with scholarships and other forms of financial assistance, to help parents of outstandingly gifted children to find the necessary fees. Secondly, not all parents want to send their children to boarding school, specially at a very early age. Almost all the directors of the specialist schools express doubts about the wisdom of admitting children as young as seven into such an intense and disciplined environment. They stress, however, that their main aim is to turn out rounded and well-balanced individuals.1. If a childs musical ability is not recognized _.2. What problem may musically gifted children face in ordinary schools?3. What makes specialist music schools different from other schools?4. What do most school directors see as a possible disadvantage for pupils?5. The underlined word sympathetic in paragraph two means_.问题1选项A.the ability may fade awayB.the child may misbehaveC.the parents may become anxiousD.the child may lose interest问题2选项A.Music is not seen as an important subjectB.Their academic work may sufferC.Schools lack musical equipmentD.Parents and teachers do not work together问题3选项A.The children have mostly one-to-one lessonsB.Their working day is longerC.More than half the day is spent on musicD.A range of musical training is offered问题4选项A.They may not be mature enough on arrivalB.Poor children may be excludedC.There may be a discipline problemD.They may lose their individuality问题5选项A.pity-showingB.appreciatingC.understandableD.beneficial【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “Many parents may even fail to recognize and respond to their childs need until frustration explodes into difficult or uncooperative behavior.”中文翻译为：许多父母甚至没有意识到并回应孩子的需求，直到挫折感爆发成困难或不合作的行为。可以得知B选项“孩子可能会行为不端”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干关键词 “in ordinary schools” 可以定位到原文第一段“And while most schools are equipped to deal with children who are especially able in academic subjects, the musically gifted require special understanding which may not always be available in an ordinary school especially one where music is regarded as a secondary activity.” 中文翻译为：虽然大多数学校都有能力培养在学科方面特别有能力的孩子，但是音乐天才需要特殊的理解力，这在普通学校是不可能做到的，尤其是在音乐被视为次要活动的学校里。因此可知A选项“音乐不被视为一门重要的学科”为正确答案。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“Children at specialist music schools spend between one third and one half of an average day on musical activities, for example, individual lessons (up to three hours a week on first and second instruments), orchestras, chamber groups, voice training, conducting and theory.” 中文翻译为：个人课程（每周最多三个小时学习第一和第二乐器）、管弦乐、室内乐团、声音训练、指挥和理论。可知C选项“半天以上的时间都花在了音乐上。”错误，以及D选项“提供一系列的音乐培训”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“school directors”可以定位到文章最后一段“Almost all the directors of the specialist schools express doubts about the wisdom of admitting children as young as seven into such an intense and disciplined environment.” 中文翻译为：几乎所有专业学校的负责人都对让7岁大的孩子进入如此紧张、纪律严明的环境的做法表示怀疑。故选A“他们可能在到达（学校）时还不够成熟。”5.词汇题。根据题干关键词“sympathetic”可以定位到根据文章第二段“They aim to provide a sympathetic environment in which gifted children aged between seven and eighteen can develop their skills to the full under the guidance of professional musicians.” 中文翻译为：他们的目标是提供一个富有同情心的环境，让7 - 18岁的超常儿童在专业音乐家的指导下充分发展他们的技能。sympathetic意为“富有同情心的”，判断出答案为A项。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:18. 单选题As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.问题1选项A.detectableB.triflingC.inexcusableD.magnificent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 detectable“可检测的；可发觉的”；B选项 trifling“微不足道的；轻浮的”；C选项 inexcusable“不可原谅的；没法辩解的；不可宽恕的”；D选项magnificent“高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的”。句意：由于现在很少有家用电器是完美的，这个小小的缺陷是可以忽略不计的。结合此处关键词minor（微小的），得知B选项正确。19. 单选题At home their losses to farming and industry had to be made good, as far as possible, with more foreign workers and prisoners-of-war.问题1选项A.compensatedB.constructed wellC.managed properlyD.terminated【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 compensate “补偿”；B选项 construct well “构造得很好”；C选项 manage properly “妥善处理”；D选项 terminate “使终止；使结束；解雇”。句意：在国内，他们在农业和工业上的损失必须尽可能用更多的外国工人和战俘来弥补。结合此处关键词 made good “补偿”，得知A为正确答案。20. 单选题Tesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers 270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least 80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsburys and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fix prices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over 116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-c