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专题十一 非谓语动词教学目标1. 掌握动词不定式、动名词、分词的基本用法；2. 准确完成动词不定式、动名词、分词的相关练习。非谓语动词专题考情分析非谓语动词是指在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式，在句子中相当于名词、形容词或副词。非谓语在句中不受主语人称和数的限制。不定式、动名词、分词都是非谓语动词。近年来中考关于非谓语动词的考查重点有：动名词作主语和宾语；分词作定语；动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语；不定式符号to的省略以及及物动词后接动词不定式和接动名词的意义差异等。自我测试1. Why dont we encourage our children _ off the video games and pick up a book?A. turnB. turningC. to turn D. to turning2. Andy made a big bamboo box the little sick bird until it could fly again.A. keepB. keptC. keepsD. to keep3. The heavy rain made the headmaster_ the school sports meeting.A. to cancel B. cancel C. canceling D. canceled4. Rio de Janeiro still has a lot of things _ to prepare for the 2016 Olympics. A. doB. didC. to doD. does5. Its important English well. A. of you to learn B. of you learn C. for you to learn D. for you learning6. Its kind _ you _ so much for us.A. of, to think B. for, to think C. of, thinking7. It takes me half an hour _ the piano every day. A. play B. playing C. to play8. I prefer _ outside for a trip rather than _at home this May Day holiday.A. to go, staying B. going, to stay C. to go, stay D. going, staying9. We have two rooms _, but I cant decide _. A. to live; to choose which oneB. to live; choose which oneC. to live in; which one to chooseD. to live in; choose which one10. He is often seen others in need.A. help B. to help C. helps D. helping11. The mothers advice fell _deaf ears again. Its no use _ to her.A. on; talkingB. with; to talkC. to; talk12. Dad, why must I stop _ computer games?For your health, my boy.A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing13. Thomas story about _ a bear attack was really exciting.A. surviveB. survivingC. to surviveD. to surviving14. Mary is a little poor at English . I think she needs _ it every day. A. practice to speak B. to practice speakingC. practice speaking15. The students and their teacher _ eagerly looking forward to _Spring Festival. A. is; come B. are; coming C. are; the coming16. Ling Feng makes the baby .A. stops crying B. stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop crying17. Recently I have read some books by Verne, a famous science fiction writer.A. were written B. written C. wrote D. write18. I think the short stories _ by Dickens are very popular _ the children.A. are written; forB. are written; amongC. written; amongD. written; between参考答案：15 CDBCC 610 ACCCB 1115 ADBBB 1618 DBC教学建议：1. 如果学生自我测试中的1-10小题有错误，建议先带领学生回顾考点1关于动词不定式的考点复习部分，并完成基础演练中写出单词正确复数形式和短语翻译的练习。2. 如果学生自我测试中的11-16小题有错误，建议先带领学生回顾考点2关于动名词的复习部分。3. 如果学生自我测试中的17-18小题有错误，建议先带领学生回顾考点3关于分词的复习部分。4.通过自我测试部分的测验，可以简单了解学生对于非谓语动词的整体掌握情况，根据自己所带学生的学习程度，非谓语动词考点的复习可以有所删减或选择性的讲解。知识梳理非谓语动词动词不定式形式肯定：to do否定：not to do句法功能主、宾、表、宾补、定、状等动名词形式doing句法功能主、宾、表、定等分词现在分词形式doing句法功能定、表、状、宾等过去分词形式done句法功能定、表、宾补等考点归纳：1. 不定式的句型：its +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.；2. 一些动词后跟不定式与动名词的区别；3. 不定式的肯定和否定形式；4. 使役动词后接不带to的不定式的用法；5. 动名词作主语、宾语、定语的用法；6. have sb. do sth和have sth done的区别：考点归纳【考点1】动词不定式1. 动词不定式的形式肯定式to doTell the children to eat healthy food.否定式not to doTell the children not to eat unhealthy food.【注】动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能用作谓语，其形式不随主语的人称、数和时态而变化。动词不定式可以有自己的宾语和逻辑主语等。I want to buy a computer.Its important for us to learn English.2. 动词不定式的句法功能成分用法例句主语1) 位于句首，谓语动词用第三人称单数To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.2) 常用it作形式主语，把不定式放在后面常见句型: Its+ adj. + of/for + sb. + to do sth.形容词是描述人的性格和品质方面时，用of;形容词用于描述不定式动作时，用forIt is a / ones + n. (task / duty / job) + to do sth.It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.Its extremely kind of you to come and meet me.Its dangerous for you to drive so fast.Its my duty to save patients表语多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语Her job is to clean the hall.=To clean the hall is her job.宾语1) 作某些动词的宾语，如want, refuse, forget, afford, try, choose, agree, help, hope, decide等Tom cant afford to buy a car at present.2) 在find, think后作宾语时，常用it代替，作宾语的动词不定式后移I find it easy to read English every day.宾补1) tell, ask, allow, would like, encourage, advise, remind等后跟动词不定式作宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.2) 一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel),二听(hear, listen),三让(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice),但被动要还原toI saw him cross the road.My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss.定语1) 不定式作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面On the farm everyone has lots of work to do2) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的词是动宾关系，如果动词为不及物动词，后面须加上相应的介词There is nothing to worry about.I want a pen to write with.He is looking for a room to live in.3) 不定式修饰不定代词something, anything等时，放在它们的后面，如果不定代词也被形容词修饰，词序是“不定代词+形容词+不定式”I had something cold to drink.状语表目的He worked day and night to earn money.表结果The policemen searched the house only to find nothing.表原因They were very sad to hear the news.独立成分这种不定式独立与句子之外，表示说话者的态度、语气等,如to be honest, to begin with等To tell you the truth, we dont want to include you.例题1：My parents often tell me too much junk food because its bad for my health. A. not eatingB. not to eatC. eatingD. to eat例题2：He hurried back home _ his schoolbag. A. fetchedB. to fetchC. fetchingD. fetches例题3：Jacks teacher asked him _ off the lights after class. A. turningB. turnedC. to turn例题4： Why do we eat vegetables every day, Mum? _ healthy, my dear.A. To keepB. KeepC. KeepingD. Kept例题5：When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place_.A. to liveB. living inC. to live in例题6：Even Tonys granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him _ smoking.A. give upB. gave upC. to give upD. giving up例题7： It is important _ people _ good manners.A. for; to learnB. of; to learnC. for; learnD. of; learn例题8：Let me help you carry the box, Granny.Thank you, Li Lei. Its very nice _ you _ me.A. of; to helpB. for; to helpC. of; helpingD. for; helping例题9：Its our duty _ our city clean and beautiful.Yes. We should do something for it.A. to keepB. keepC. keeping例题10： At times, parents find it difficult _ with their teenage children. A. talkB. talkedC. talkingD. to talk参考答案：BBCAC CAAAD3. 动词不定式的常见搭配1) 疑问词+不定式可以作主、宾、表等，相当于名词性从句，因此常用这个结构把复合句改为简单句Where to go is still a question.The problem is where to find him.I dont know what to do next.= I dont know what I should do next.2) too +adj.+ to do太而不能He is too young to go to school.3) adj./ adv. +enough to do足够做He is not enough to go to school.例题1：Shes not strong enough _ walking up mountains. A. to goB. goingC. goD. went例题2： I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? I havent decided where _. A. goB. wentC. goingD. to go参考答案：AD4. 动词不定式符号to的省略1) 在“一感(feel),二听(hear, listen),三让(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice), 半帮助(help)”后作宾补的动词不定式可以省略to，但在被动语态中，必须带to。I saw him go into the room just now.= He was seen to go into the room just now.The boss made my friend work the whole night.=My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss.2) would rather(not) do than do ; had better(not) doWe had better take some warm clothes.3) why not do; cant but doWhy not have a rest? I cant but walk to school.4) 当两个或多个动词不定式并列时，第一个动词不定式加to，后面的动词不定式省略toI want to visit him and ask for some help.例题1：You look too tired. Why not _a rest?A. stop to haveB. to stop havingC. stop having例题2： Lets play football on the playground. Its too hot outside. I would rather _ at home than _ out.A. to stay; goB. staying; goingC. stay; to goD. stay; go例题3： What a heavy rain! So it is. I prefer_ rather than_ on such a rainy day.A. to go out; stay at homeB. to stay at home; go outC. going out; stay at homeD. staying at home ; go out例题4：The boy is often heard_ in the music room. He sings very well.A. practice singingB. to practice singingC. practiced singing例题5： What happens when you hear a strange noise at night, or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom? It often makes us _.A. jumpB. to jumpC. jumpingD. jumped例题6： If you see the cartoon film, you will _ laugh.A. be madeB. be made toC. made toD. make参考答案：ADBBA B【考点2】动名词 1. 动名词的形式肯定式doingSleeping is good for our health.否定式not doingIm sorry for not having informed you of the meeting.2. 动名词的句法功能成分用法例句主语1) 动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数Reading aloud is very helpful.2) 有时可用it作形式主语，动名词后移Its useless arguing with him.表语多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语His job is teaching English.=Teaching English is his job.宾语1)作介词或由介词构成的动词短语的宾语，如be interested in; be used to; feel like; think of等We are thinking of making a new plan.2)作某些动词的宾语，如enjoy, practice, finish, mind, miss, suggest, imagine, consider等They havent finished building the dam.定语表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于修饰语之前swimming pool 游泳池; reading room阅览室; walking stick手杖, , working people劳动人民等【注】有些动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语是有差别的：forget to do sth.忘记要做某事，forget doing sth.忘记做过某事;mean to do sth.打算做某事，mean doing sth.意味着做某事;regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事，regret doing sth.后悔做过某事;stop to do sth.停下来做另外一件事，stop doing sth.停止做某事;try to do sth.尽力做某事，try doing sth.试着做某事;need to do 需要做某事(主语为人)，need doing=need to be done需要被做(主语为物)。例题1：I hope everyone can care about _ the environment and stop _ things. A. protecting; wastingB. protecting; to wasteC. protect; wastingD. protect; to waste例题2：Why not _ your teacher for help when you cant finish _ the story by yourself. A. to ask; writeB. to ask; writingC. ask; writingD. asking; to write例题3：Dont throw away the waste paper. It needs_ so that it can be reused. A. to destroyB. destroyingC. to collectD. collecting例题4： _ honest is the first thing people should learn. A. BeingB. LookC. BeD. Become例题5： Dad, why must I stop _ computer games? For your health, my boy.A. playB. to playC. to playingD. playing例题6： I didnt hear you come in just now. Thats good. We tried _ any noise, for you were sleeping. A. not makeB. not to makeC. to makeD. making例题7：Our English teacher often says to us, “ _ English well is very important”. A. LearnB. LearningC. LearnedD. To learning参考答案：ACDAD BB 3. 动名词的常见搭配1) there be+名词+doing某处有某人或某物在做某事There were some people rowing on the river.2) prefer doing to doing喜欢胜过I prefer staying at home to going out.3) No doing禁止/不准做某事No parking. 禁止停车。4) would/ Do you mind doing你介意做某事吗Would you mind opening the window?5) How/What about doing做某事怎么样What about having a picnic this Sunday?6) sb. spend some time/ money (in) doing sth.某人花费一些时间/金钱做某事The boy spent twenty yuan buying a T-shirt.7) 常见能接动名词的短语be used to; look forward to; cant help; stopfro; be busy等He was busy working when I came in.例题1：He used to _ in a small village, but now he has been used to_ in a big city. A. live; livingB. live; liveC. living; living例题2：Would you mind _ the door? Its quite windy outside. A. closeB. closingC. to close例题3： I feel stressed from time to time. Could you give me some advice? _ sharing your worries with your parents? A. Why dont youB. How aboutC. Why not D. Would you like例题4： Would you like_ camping with me? Id like to. But Im busy _ my homework. A. to go; to doB. to go; doingC. going; to doD. going; doing例题5： Im looking forward to _ my parents soon. What about you? Me too.A. seeingB. seeC. saw例题6：The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand_ to the rich land in the south of China. A. moveB. to moveC. from moving参考答案：ABBBA C【考点3】分词1. 概念分词常常扮演形容词的角色，也有动词的性质。分词可以分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，过去分词通常由“动词原形+ed”构成 (也有不规则变化)。现在分词与过去分词对比时间上语态上现在分词表示动作正在进行 a developing country (发展中国家)表示主动 the ruling class (统治阶级)过去分词表示动作已完成 a developed country(发达国家)表示被动 the ruled class (被统治阶级)2. 现在分词用法用法例句1) 帮助构成现在进行时和过去进行时He is reading an interesting book now.2) 作定语：分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前;分词短语作定语时，则放在所修饰的名词后China is a developing country.The woman standing behind the counter is my mother.3) 作表语：表示主语的性质、特征或者状态【注】动名词与现在分词作表语的区别：现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征;动名词作表语主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释The play was interesting.My job is teaching. (句中的teaching为动名词，是对主语内容的进一步说明) 我的工作是教书。My job is interesting. (句中的interesting为形容词化的现在分词，表示主语的特征) 我的工作很有趣。4) 作宾补：常作感官动词或使役动词的宾语补足语，表动作正在进行或动作的持续【注】现在分词作宾补和动词不定式作宾补的区别：现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行;不定式作宾补表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作Can you hear her singing a song in the next room?I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)5) 作状语：分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致。He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.例题1：Seeing their teacher _ into the classroom, they stopped _ at once.A. walk; tellingB. entering; to speakC. enter; to tellD. walking; talking例题2： “Whos the boy in white T-shirt _under the tree?” “My friend.”A. standB. to stand C. stoodD. standing例题3：When I walked past the park, I saw some old people _ Chinese Taiji. A. doB. didC. doingD. are doing例题4：I found a letter _ on the floor when I came into the classroom. A. lyingB. layC. lieD. lies例题5：He lost his key. It made him _in the cold to wait for his wifes return.A. to stayB. stayedC. staysD. stay参考答案：DDCAD3. 过去分词的用法1) 帮助构成现在完成时和过去完成时I have already finished my homework.2) 帮助构成被动语态Now we are not allowed to touch it.3) 作定语：(相当于一个被动语态的定语从句)过去分词是单个单词时，一般用于名词前;过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.= Those who are elected as committee members will attend the meeting.4) 作表语：常具有形容词的特征，表示主语的特征、状态或感情等I was surprised at hearing him say so.5) 作宾补：常作感官动词或使役动词的宾语补足语，表示被动、完成I heard the song sung several times last week.I have had my hair cut for two days.6) 作状语：分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致Seen from the tower, the city looks very beautiful.Given more time, Ill be able to do it better.【注】有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成，如： boiled water(开水), fallen leaves(落叶), newly arrived goods(新到的货), the risen sun(升起的太阳)例题1：He often drinks two cups of _water when he comes back.A. boilingB. boilC. boiledD. boils例题2：He wants to have his TV _. A. repairingB. repairedC. to repair参考答案：CB基础演练单项选择1. Its bad for your eyes computer games too much.A. plays B. to play C. play D. to playing2. What did Mr. Zhang say just now? He told us any further. There is danger ahead.A. dont go B. not go C. to go D. not to go3. My pen pal- Andrew found it difficult Chinese well.A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. learned4. How do you know that Jenny likes singing? I often hear her after class. A. to sing B. sang C. sing D. sings5. Lisa was driving along a new street and she didnt know her car.A. where park B. where to park C. when parked D. how parking6. Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ive no idea, but Ive decided at home and have a good rest first.A. to stay B. stay C. stayed D. staying7. Kate, when shall we take a walk? After I finish the dishes.A. wash B. washing C. to wash D. washed8. Mary is looking forward to herself after the exam.A. enjoying B. enjoy C. enjoyed D. be enjoying9. Tom, have you seen your brother? Oh, I saw him basketball on the playground just now.A. to play B. plays C. playing D. played10. If you feel tired, you may stop to have a rest.A. to work B. worked C. work D. working11. Thank you for us so much, Mr. Liang.A. helping B. help C. helped D. to help 12. Mary dances best in our school. I agree. Ill never forget her dance for the first time.A. to see B. seeing C. see D. saw 13. When are you going to have your hair ? Tomorrow afternoon.A. cut B. cutting C. to cut D. cuts14. My best friend Charles comes from a village Ma Ji.A. calls B. to call C. called D. calling15. The book by Mo Yan is worth reading a second time.A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing16. I used to _ the bus, but now I am used to walking. A. takeB. takingC. took17. I don t know _ next. Youd better finish your homework first.A. what to doB. how to doC. when to do18. Its dangerous _a close look at the tiger in the zoo. A. for us takingB. of us to takeC. of us takingD. for us to take19. When I was walking past his room yesterday evening, I heard him _ piano. A. playingB. to play theC. playing the20. Mom, I am afraid that I cant get through the hard time were having now. My boy, be brave and tell yourself _. A. dont give upB. not to give upC. not give upD. to give up巩固提升单项选择1. Mr. Smith told his son _ the football match because of the exam. A. not to watch B. to not watch C. not watching D. doesnt watch2. Sarah, youd better drink more water after _ for such a long time.A. run B. runs C. to run D. running 3. My parents didnt allow me _ to the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 4. Why not _ your friends for help when you are in trouble. A. ask B. to ask C. asks D. asking 5. So beautiful flowers! I cant decide _ for my mom.For Mothers Day, it cant be better to take some carnations(康乃馨).A. when to choose B. which to choose C. how to choose6. When you leave, please turn off the lights _ energy. A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved7. I was tired out, so I stopped the car _ a short rest.A. have B. having C. to have D. had8. For our coming vacation, why _ going abroad and seeing the outside world? A. not consider B. to consider C. dont think D. not think9. Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child?Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret _ that silly thing to my mum.A. do B. to do C. doing D. did10. (2015益阳) We are too tired. Lets stop _ a rest. A. to have B. have C. having11. I really dont know _ this question. It is too hard.A. which to answer B. how to answer C. what to answer12. I will try my best to stop my son from _ the same mistake. A. make B. made C. makes D. making13. The joke was so funny that it made him _
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