2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第88期

2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Londons Heathrow Airport is notorious for queues and delays. Why is this happening and what can you do to avoid the frustration?In the film Catch Me If You Can, Leonardo DiCaprio plays a dashing young con artist who fools an airline into believing he is one of their captains. He strolls through a sleek and futuristic air terminal flanked by a gaggle of stewardesses, his progress serene. The message is clear: Air travel is glamorous, sexy and a total breeze.Cut to Heathrow, 2007, and what is still the worlds largest airport (by passenger numbers) is stretched to breaking point, beset by delays and hampered by a creaking infrastructure. Ken Livingstone, Londons garrulous Mayor, says the airport is “shaming London”. How did it come to this?In a sense, Heathrows key role in the development of Britains (and the worlds) aviation industry has been its undoing. First opened to commercial fights in 1946, Heathrow has always been there first; consequently, it has inherited a legacy of aging terminal buildings. Then September 11 happened, and security protocols went through the roof. The 2005 London bombings didnt help matters.The queues to clear Heathrows security can take hours to clear, especially when not all the X-ray machines are open. At the other end of the process, passengers have faced seemingly never-ending waits for luggage. A recent Association of European Airlines report showed that between April and June this year the luggage system at Heathrow broke down 11 times.The British government, spurred on by angry airlines, passenger groups and an increasingly vocal media, has announced an enquiry into how the airport is run. Heathrow, like seven other major airports in the UK, is run by the British Airports Authority (BAA), who has been accused of putting the profits from the vast shopping malls in each terminal before investment in security and staff. Ryanair, British Airways and the head of the International Air Transport Association have all criticized the running of the airport, blaming under-investment.A spokesman for Heathrow notes that all may not be lost quite yet. Ninety-seven per cent of passengers get through security after less than 10 minutes of queuing. The baggage rules for using UK airports have been the same for a while now, so travelers should be getting used to the plastic bags and one item of hand-luggage rule. And BAA is recommending that people dont turn up earlier than they shouldthree hours for long-haul, two for short haul and 90 minutes for domestic should be fine. Heathrow has also employed 500 new security staff and opened nine new security lanes this year.And then theres Terminal Five, the gleaming, light-filled Richard Rodgers creation, complete with a landscaped civic space, due to open in March 2008. It will be British Airways new home and should take the pressure off the rest of the airport. Far more suitable for a Leonardo-style sashay.1.Leonardos performance conveys the idea that air travel is（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?3.It can take hours to pass the airport security, especially when（ ）.4.Whos to blame for the under-investment in British airports?5.According to BAA, when should domestic passengers arrive at the airport?问题1选项A.enchantingB.dangerousC.frustratingD.time-consuming问题2选项A.Heathrow Airport has the largest surface area in the world.B.The significant position of the airport in history has become the main cause for its present situation.C.Heathrow Airport is about to collapse as a result of huge passenger numbers.D.The airport is determined to renovate its old terminal buildings.问题3选项A.only some of the X-ray machines are openB.all the X-ray machines are shut downC.luggage checked over and over againD.the luggage system breaks down问题4选项A.British Airports Authority.B.Association of European Airlines.C.Heathrow Airport.D.International Air Transport Association.问题5选项A.1 hours before boarding.B.2 hours before boarding.C.3 hours before boarding.D.1.5 hours before boarding.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Leonardo”可以定位到文章第二段，第二段最后一句说到The message is clear: Air travel is glamorous, sexy and a total breeze.（传达出的信息很明确：航空旅行是充满魅力、性感和轻松的。），说明莱昂纳多的表演传达了航空旅行是迷人的。因此A选项“令人神往的”正确。B选项“危险的”，C选项“令人沮丧的”，D选项“耗时的”均不符合文章表达的内容，所以B，C，D错误。2.客观细节题。由A选项关键词“largest”可以定位到文章第三段第一句what is still the worlds largest airport (by passenger numbers)（按乘客数量计算是世界上最大的机场），说明希思罗机场的世界最大是按照乘客数量计算的，而不是面积，所以A选项“希思罗机场是世界上面积最大的机场”错误。由C选项关键词“collapse”可以定位到文章第三段第一句is stretched to breaking point, beset by delays and hampered by a creaking infrastructure（被延误和老化的基础设施所困扰，已经到了崩溃的边缘），说明希思罗机场濒临崩溃的原因是延误和老化的设施，而不是旅客数量，所以C选项“希思罗机场因旅客数量巨大而即将崩溃”错误。D选项“机场决心对老旧航站楼进行改造”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。由B选项关键词“significant position”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Heathrows key role in the development of Britains (and the worlds) aviation industry has been its undoing.（希思罗机场在英国，乃至世界航空工业发展中的关键作用导致了它的毁灭。），说明导致希思罗机场现状的原因是它的在历史上的关键作用。因此B选项“机场在历史上的重要地位成为造成其现状的主要原因”正确。3.客观细节题。根据题干关键词“airport security”可以定位到文章第五段第一句The queues to clear Heathrows security can take hours to clear, especially when not all the X-ray machines are open.（希思罗机场安检的长队可能需要数小时才能通过，尤其是当X光机没有全部开放的时候。），说明只开放了部分X光机时，安检排队时间尤为漫长。因此A选项“只有部分X光机是开放的”正确。B选项“所有的X光机都被关闭”，C选项“反复检查行李”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C错误。D选项“行李系统出现故障”是希思罗机场的问题之一，但原文没有说它是造成安检时间特别漫长的原因，所以D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段第二句Heathrow, like seven other major airports in the UK, is run by the British Airports Authority (BAA), who has been accused of putting the profits from the vast shopping malls in each terminal before investment in security and staff.（希思罗机场和英国其他七家主要机场一样，都是由英国机场管理局运营的，该管理局被指责把每个航站楼的大型购物中心的利润放在安全和员工投资之前。），说明英国机场投资不足是英国机场管理局之过。因此A选项“英国机场管理局”正确。B选项“欧洲航空公司协会”，C选项“希思罗机场”，D选项“国际航空运输协会”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第七段第四句And BAA is recommending that people dont turn up earlier than they shouldthree hours for long-haul, two for short haul and 90 minutes for domestic should be fine.（BAA建议乘客不要早到长途登机前3小时，短途登机前2小时，国内航班登机前90分钟就可以了。），说明国内航班的旅客应在登机前90分钟到达机场。因此D选项“登机前1.5小时”正确。A选项“登机前1小时”，B选项“登机前2小时”，C选项“登机前3小时”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。2. 单选题Although many experts agree that more children are overweight, there is debate over the best ways to（ ）the problem.问题1选项A.relateB.tackleC.fileD.attach【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项relate“关联”；B选项tackle“处理”；C选项file“提出”；D选项attach“附加”。句意：尽管许多专家一致认为有更多的儿童超重，但是对于解决这个问题的最佳方法还存在争议。本句表示解决儿童超重问题的方法，因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Bob is so（ ）to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed or his shoes shined.问题1选项A.hardyB.intenseC.indifferentD.bewildered【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项hardy“坚强的”；B选项intense“强烈的”；C选项indifferent“不关心的”；D选项bewildered“困惑的”。句意：鲍勃对自己的外表漠不关心，他从不熨衣服或擦鞋。本句表示对外表不在意、漠不关心。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and（ ）funds by selling tickets at a full price.问题1选项A.furnishesB.raisesC.accumulatesD.contributes【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项furnishes“提供”；B选项raises“筹款”；C选项accumulates“积累”；D选项contribute“贡献”。句意：义演是指一个慈善组织以折扣价买断演出，并以全价出售门票来筹集资金的演出。本句表示筹集资金，因此B选项正确。5. 单选题There（ ）nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.问题1选项A.to beB.to have beenC.beingD.be【答案】C【解析】考查原因状语。句意：由于没有什么可讨论的了，会议提前半小时结束了。因前后两部分之间没有连接词，所以可以确定前半句为独立主格结构，there being是存在句的非限定形式，在句中表示原因状语。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题（ ）they hope to go home tomorrow, they are resigned to staying on until the end of year.问题1选项A.Much asB.Much thoughC.As muchD.Though much【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：尽管他们很希望明天就回家，但他们还是决定一直待到年底。as引导让步状语从句表示尽管时，要将宾语或副词倒装，much as表示尽管很，因此A选项正确。7. 单选题In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman（ ）the Nobel Prize for Literature.问题1选项A.receivingB.receivedC.who receivesD.to receive【答案】D【解析】考查后置定语。句意：1938年，赛珍珠成为第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女性。现在分词作定语，应该与被修饰词woman有主谓关系，表示正在进行，时态不符，排除A；过去分词作定语表示被动，woman与receive应该是主动关系，排除B；定语从句修饰woman应该是过去式，排除C。名词词组the first + n.的后置定语必须使用不定式，因此D选项正确。8. 单选题Men differ from animals（ ）they can think and speak.问题1选项A.for whichB.for thatC.in thatD.in which【答案】C【解析】考查原因状语从句。A选项for which和D选项in which引导的是定语从句，排除A，D；B选项for that不能引导从句，排除B。C选项in that意思是“因为”，引导原因状语从句。句意：人不同于动物，因为人会思考和说话。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transportation and is therefore, not（ ）to work locally.问题1选项A.compelledB.obligedC.restrictedD.repelled【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项compelled“强迫”；B选项obliged“约束”；C选项restricted“限制”；D选项repelled“击退”。句意：有车的人不再被迫依赖公共交通，因此也就不再局限于在当地工作。本句表示工作地点不受到限制，因此C选项正确。10. 翻译题A. It is simple enough to say that since books have classesfiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve, and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist, and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.B. Most of our thinking does not take place at the logical stage but at the perceptual stage which precedes this. Lateral thinking is to do with changing perceptions and finding new ways of looking at things. Lateral thinking is the practical process of creativity. There are various deliberate techniques such as the use of stepping stones (produced, for instance, by reversing the usual situation). Lateral thinking turns creativity into a tool. In a patterning system such as the mind provocation is as important as analysisand more important for changing ideas.【答案】A. 书既然有小说、传记、诗歌之分，我们就应该把它们区分开来，并从每一种书中汲取它应该给予我们的正确的道理，这句话说起来很简单。然而，很少有人向书本索取它所能给我们的东西。最常见的是，我们带着模糊和分裂的心态来看书，要求小说应是真实的，诗歌应是虚假的，传记满是吹捧，历史会加重我们自己的偏见。如果我们读书时能摒弃所有这些先入之见，那将是一个令人钦佩的开端。不要对作者发号施令，试着成为他。做他的同事和帮手。如果你畏缩不前，有所保留，甚至一开始就吹毛求疵，你就在妨碍自己从阅读中获得最大的价值。但是，如果你尽可能地敞开你的心胸，那么，从开头几句迂回曲折的句子中，那些几乎难以察觉的微妙迹象和暗示，就会把你带到一个与众不同的人的面前。让自己沉浸其中去熟悉它，你很快就会发现，作者所给予你的，或者想要给予你的，是一些更确切的东西。B. 我们大多数的思考不是发生在逻辑阶段，而是发生在先于逻辑阶段的知觉阶段。横向思维是指改变观念，寻找看待事物的新方法。横向思维是创造力的实践过程。有各种刻意的技巧，如使用垫脚石（例如，通过扭转通常情况产生的）。横向思维将创造力变成一种工具。在大脑这样的模式化系统中，激发和分析一样重要而且对于改变想法更为重要。11. 单选题（ ）he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.问题1选项A.Much thoughB.Much asC.As muchD.Though much【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：虽然他周末很想和朋友们出去，但他不得不留下来完成作业。as引导让步状语从句表示尽管时，要将宾语或副词倒装，much as表示尽管很，因此B选项正确。12. 单选题Some parents did not appear（ ）their children to summer schools.问题1选项A.to favor to sendB.to favor sendingC.favoring to sendD.that they favor to send【答案】B【解析】考查动词搭配辨析。appear后面接不定式，appear to do，好像做了某事，排除C；favor后面接动名词，favor doing sth.，喜欢、赞成做某事，排除A，D。句意：一些家长似乎不赞成把孩子送到暑期学校。因此B选项正确。13. 单选题We have taken all the（ ）we can against the painting being stolen.问题1选项A.precautionsB.admissionsC.concessionsD.transactions【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项precautions“预防措施”；B选项admissions“许可”；C选项concessions“让步”；D选项transactions“交易”。句意：我们已采取了一切可能的预防措施以防那幅画被盗。本句表示采取预防措施。因此A选项正确。14. 单选题He feels that he is not yet（ ）to travel abroad.问题1选项A.too strongB.enough strongC.so strongD.strong enough【答案】D【解析】考查副词的用法。A选项tooto表示“太而不能”，不符合句意，排除A；B选项enough在修饰形容词和副词时应该放在它们的后面，排除B；C选项so应该与that连用，表示“太以至于”，不符合句意，排除C；D选项strong enough表示“足够强壮”。句意：他觉得自己身体还不够强壮，不能出国旅行。因此D选项正确。15. 单选题Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she（ ）much better results now.问题1选项A.would be gettingB.could have gotC.must getD.would get【答案】D【解析】考查错综虚拟语气。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，省略了if，因此为倒装形式；主句是对现在情况的虚拟，因此主句用would do结构。句意：如果朱迪在数学考试时能更加认真的话，她现在就会得到一个更好的分数。因此D选项正确。16. 单选题Astronomers at the University of California discovered one of the most distant（ ）.问题1选项A.paradoxesB.paradisesC.galaxiesD.shuttles【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradoxes“自相矛盾的事物”；B选项paradises“天堂”；C选项galaxies“星系”；D选项shuttles“班车”。句意：加利福尼亚大学的天文学家发现了一个最遥远的星系。本句表示天文学家发现星系，因此C选项正确。17. 单选题The doctors dont（ ）that the patient will live much longer.问题1选项A.monitorB.manifestC.articulateD.anticipate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项monitor“监视”；B选项manifest“表明”；C选项articulate“清晰地表达”；D选项anticipate“预计”。句意：医生们预计那位病人活不了太久了。本句表示预计病人的存活时间，因此D选项正确。18. 单选题Many women still feel that they are being（ ）by a male culture, particularly in the professional services sector.问题1选项A.held backB.held forthC.held onD.held out【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项held back“阻碍”；B选项held forth“提供”；C选项held on“坚持”；D选项held out“伸出”。句意：许多女性仍然感到男性文化阻碍了她们的发展，尤其是在专业服务领域。本句表示男性文化阻碍了女性的发展，因此A选项正确。19. 单选题Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own.（1）the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent（2）of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was（3）, or by whom. But it began to be（4）in the early1900s. Jazz is Americas contribution to（5）music. In contrast to classical music, which（6）formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, （7）the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz（8）like America, and（9）it does today. The（10）of this music are as interesting as the music（11）. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz（12）. They were brought to Southern States（13）slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long（14）. When a Negro died his friend and relatives（15）a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the（16）. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. （17）on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their（18）, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played（19）music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes（20）at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.问题1选项A.ByB.AtC.InD.On问题2选项A.musicB.songC.melodyD.style问题3选项A.discoveredB.actedC.inventedD.designed问题4选项A.noticedB.foundC.listenedD.heard问题5选项A.classicalB.sacredC.popularD.light问题6选项A.formsB.followsC.approachesD.introduces问题7选项A.expressingB.explainingC.exposingD.illustrating问题8选项A.appearedB.feltC.seemedD.sounded问题9选项A.asB.soC.eitherD.neither问题10选项A.originsB.originalsC.discoveriesD.resources问题11选项A.concernedB.itselfC.availableD.oneself问题12选项A.playersB.followersC.fansD.pioneers问题13选项A.forB.asC.withD.by问题14选项A.monthsB.weeksC.hoursD.times问题15选项A.demonstratedB.composedC.hostedD.formed问题16选项A.demonstrationB.processionC.bodyD.march问题17选项A.EvenB.ThereforeC.FurthermoreD.But问题18选项A.numberB.membersC.bodyD.relations问题19选项A.sadB.solemnC.happyD.funeral问题20选项A.whistledB.sungC.presentedD.showed【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:A第10题:A第11题:B第12题:D第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D第16题:B第17题:D第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C【解析】1.考查介词辨析。A选项 By“通过”；B选项At“在时”；C选项In“在里面”；D选项On“在上面”。at the turn of the century表示的是“在本世纪初”这一具体时间，只有at符合。句意：在爵士乐诞生的世纪之交。因此B选项符合题意。2.考查名词辨析。A选项 music“音乐”；B选项song“歌曲”；C选项melody“旋律”；D选项style“风格”。根据上文所说的大多数国家都有自己的音乐风格“style”，而美国却没有自己突出的，后面也应该是风格。句意：美国没有自己的突出风格。因此D选项符合题意。3.考查动词辨析。A选项 discovered“发现”；B选项acted“行动”；C选项invented“发明”；D选项designed“设计”。句意：没有人知道爵士乐是什么时候发明的，由谁发明的。因此C选项符合题意。4.考查动词辨析。A选项noticed“注意”；B选项found“找到”；C选项listened“听”，后面需接介词to；D选项heard“听到”。句意：它是在20世纪初开始被人听到的。因此D选项符合题意。5.考查形容词辨析。A选项classical“古典的”；B选项sacred“神圣的”；C选项popular“流行的”；D选项light“轻的”。popular music是指“流行音乐”，与classical music“古典音乐”相对，爵士乐是流行音乐的一种。句意：爵士乐是美国对流行音乐的贡献。因此C选项符合题意。6.考查动词辨析。A选项forms“形成”；B选项follows“遵循”；C选项approaches“接近”；D选项introduces“引入”。句意：与遵循正规的欧洲传统的古典音乐相比。因此B选项符合题意。7.考查动词辨析。A选项expressing“表达”；B选项explaining“解释”；C选项exposing“揭露”；D选项illustrating“说明”。句意：表达人们的情绪、兴趣和情感。因此A选项符合题意。8.考查系动词辨析。A选项appeared“表现得”；B选项felt“感觉是”；C选项seemed“看起来”；D选项sounded“听起来”。句意：20世纪20年代的爵士乐听起来很像美国风格。因此D选项符合题意。9.考查连词辨析。A选项as“正如”；B选项so“所以”；C选项either“或者”；D选项neither“也不”。句意：现在爵士乐也是如此。因此A选项符合题意。10.考查名词辨析。A选项origins“起源”；B选项originals“原创”；C选项discoveries“发现”；D选项resources“资源”。句意：这种音乐的起源。因此A选项符合题意。11.考查反身代词。A选项concerned“关心的”；B选项itself“它自己”；C选项available“可获得的”；D选项oneself“自己”。句意：这种音乐的起源和音乐本身一样有趣。因此B选项符合题意。12.考查名词辨析。A选项players“玩家”；B选项followers“追随者”；C选项fans“粉丝”；D选项pioneers“先锋”。句意：美国黑人是爵士乐的先锋。因此D选项符合题意。13.考查介词辨析。A选项for“为了”；B选项as“作为”；C选项with“和一起”；D选项by“通过”。句意：他们作为奴隶被带到南方各州。因此B选项符合题意。14.考查名词辨析。A选项months“月份”；B选项weeks“周”；C选项hours“时间”；D选项times“次数”。句意：他们被卖给种植园主，被迫长时间工作。因此C选项符合题意。15.考查动词辨析。A选项demonstrated“论证”；B选项composed“组成”，后面接of；C选项hosted“主持”；D选项formed“形成”。句意：他的朋友和亲戚会形成一个游行队伍。因此D选项符合题意。16.考查名词辨析。A选项demonstration“示范”；B选项procession“队伍”；C选项body“身体”；D选项march“行进”。句意：游行队伍通常由乐队伴奏。上句提到形成队伍，本句意为这样的队伍经常伴随有一支乐队。因此B选项符合题意。17.考查转折关系。A选项Even“甚至”；B选项Therefore“因此”；C选项Furthermore“此外”；D选项But“但是”。句意：但在回家的路上，气氛变了。上句说在去墓地的路上，乐队演奏缓慢的、庄重的音乐以便和悲痛的场合相配合。而本句说在回来的路上，情绪变化了。所以这两句之间应该是转折的关系。因此D选项符合题意。18.考查名词辨析。A选项number“数字”；B选项members“成员”；C选项body“身体”；D选项relations“亲戚”。句意：死神带走了他们的一个亲人。因此D选项符合题意。19.考查形容词辨析。A选项sad“伤心的”；B选项solemn“庄严的”；C选项happy“开心的”；D选项funeral“丧葬的”。句意：在葬礼上，乐队演奏了欢快的音乐。跟上句中提到的slow和solemn相对应。因此C选项符合题意。20.考查动词辨析。A选项whistled“吹口哨”；B选项sung“唱歌”；C选项presented“表演”；D选项showed“展示”。句意：即兴演奏了葬礼上表演的和声和旋律。因此C选项符合题意。20. 单选题In most of the human civilization of which we have any proper records, youth has drawn on either art or life for models, planning to emulate the heroes depicted in epics on the shadow play screen or the stage, or those known human beings, fathers or grandfathers, chiefs or craftsmen, whose every characteristic can be studied and imitated. As recently as 1910, this was the prevailing condition in the United States. If he came from a nonliterate background, the recent immigrant learned to speak, move, and think like an American by using his eyes and ears on the labor line and in the homes of more acculturated cousins, by watching school children, or by absorbing the standards of the teacher, the foreman, the clerk who served him in the store. For the literate and the literate children of the nouliterate, there was artthe story of the frustrated artist in the prairie town, of the second generation battling with the limitations of the first. And at a simpler level, there were the Western and Hollywood fairy tales which pointed a moral but did not, as a rule, teach table manners.With the development of the countermovement against Hollywood, with the efflorescence of photography, with Time-Life-Fortune types of reporting and the dead-pan New Yorker manner of describing the life of an old-clothes dealer in a forg