2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解10

2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Dont this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.问题1选项A.relieveB.releaseC.relateD.inform【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项relieve表示“解除，减轻”；B选项release表示“释放，发布”；C选项relate表示“涉及，关联，认同”；D选项inform表示“通知，告诉”。根据句意可知，在得到许可前切勿向大众发布消息。故本题正确答案为B选项。2. 单选题The famous movie Titanic（ ）its audience.问题1选项A.thought in terms withB.touched a chord inC.had confidence inD.had a taste for【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项think in terms with表示“结合思考”；B选项touch a chord in表示“触动的心弦”；C选项have confidence in表示“对有信心”；D选项have a taste for表示“对感兴趣；爱好”。根据“Titanic”（泰坦尼克号）可知，这部电影应当是触动了观众的心弦，故B项最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为B项。3. 单选题（ ） that night. the union government would have been overthrown.问题1选项A.If he were assassinatedB.Were he assassinatedC.He had been assassinatedD.Had he been assassinated【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。在if虚拟条件句中，如果是对过去情况的虚拟，则条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should+have+动词过去分词形式。如果虚拟条件句中有were，had或should，则可以将if省略，将这几个词提到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗杀，那么联邦政府可能就已经被推翻了。故本题正确答案为D。4. 单选题Take the case of public education alone. The principal difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of the legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when that age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, we must put them in school.We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer.It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities. They cannot care for the present restricted and inadequate system. The local communities have failed in their efforts to cope with unemployment. They cannot expect to cope with public education on the scale on which we must attempt it. The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to the problem of public education may have to be much the same, and properly so. If there is one thing in which the citizens of all parts of the country have an interest, it is in the decent education of the citizens of all parts of the country. Our income tax now goes in part to keep our neighbors alive. It may have to go in part as well to make our neighbors intelligent. We are now attempting to preserve the present generation through Federal relief of the destitute （贫民）.Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.What is the reason for the increase in the number of students?3.The public agencies for adult education will be little better off because（ ）.4.According to the author, the answer to the problem of public education is that the Federal government（ ）.5.Why does the author say Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require (Lines 10-1 1, Para. 3)?问题1选项A.How to persuade local communities to provide more funds.B.How to cope with the shortage of funds for public education.C.How to solve the rising unemployment problem.D.How to improve the public education system.问题2选项A.The requirement of educated workers by business.B.Raising of the legal age for going to work.C.The trend toward a shorter workday.D.Peoples concern for the future of the next generation.问题3选项A.the unemployed are too poor to continue their educationB.a new leisure class has developedC.they are still suffering from the depressionD.an increase in taxes could be a problem问题4选项A.should allocate Federal funds for public educationB.should demand that local communities provide supportC.should raise taxes to meet the needs of public educationD.should first of all solve the problem of unemployment.问题5选项A.Only by appropriating adequate Federal funds for education can the next generation have a bright future.B.Citizens of all parts of the country agree that the best way to support education is to use Federal funds.C.People all over the country should make contributions to education in the interest of the next generation.D.Educated people are determined to use part of the Federal funds to help the poor.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文前两段引出公共教育存在的问题，文章的最后一段表明如何解决这个问题。所以全文的主旨应是“如何解决公共教育资金短缺的问题”。A选项“怎样劝说当地社区提供更多资金”与第三段第一句It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities不符。C选项“如何解决日益严重的就业问题”和D选项“怎样改善公共教育系统”过于笼统。因此，本题选择B项最符合题意。2.推理判断题。题干询问学生人数增加的原因。根据原文第一段第三句可知，法定就业年龄提前了，并且到了法定年龄也可能找不到工作。再由第一段第五句The result will be still further raising of the legal age for going into employment以及最后一句可以得出，法定就业年龄持续提高，而孩子们如果没有就业，就得继续读书，所以造成了学生人数的增加，因此B项正确。A选项“企业需要受过教育的工人”、C选项“工作时间缩短的趋势”；D选项“人们对下一代未来的担忧”都不符合题意，可排除。3.推理判断题。根据原文第二段最后一句Their support must come from the taxpayer可以推测，成人教育的公共教育机构不好可能因为是得不到足够的税收支持。因此，本题正确答案为D。4.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段可知，解决失业问题要靠联邦政府救济，公共教育也是如此。全国人民都感兴趣的应是实现良好教育。所得税现在部分用于维持我们邻居的生活，另一部分也应该用于提高邻居的教育，因此政府应该从税收中拨出资金来解决公共教育问题，故A选项正确，B选项“应该要求当地社区提供支持”错误。C选项“应该提高税收满足公共教育的需求”，不符合原文故排除。D选项“应该首先解决失业问题”，属于无中生有。因此本题正确答案为A项。5.细节事实题。题干询问为何作者会说“只有决定毁掉下一代的民族才会拒绝联邦资金投入公共教育”。A选项“只有拨出足够的联邦教育经费，下一代才能有光明的未来”表述正确；B选项“全国人民都认为支持教育的最好方式是使用联邦资金。”原文只是提到全民对公共教育感兴趣，并未说支持使用联邦资金，更未提及这是最好的方式；C选项“全国人都应该为了下一代的利益做出贡献”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有；D选项“受过教育的人决心用部分联邦资金帮助穷人”，原文没有该项信息。因此，本题正确答案为A项。5. 单选题The American Revolution 1775-1783, was a struggle by which the thirteen colonies that were to become the United States won independence from Britain. By the middle of the 18th century, differences in life, thought, and especially economic interests had formed between the colonies and the mother country. The British Government tried to regulate colonial commerce in the British interest, and provoked colonial opposition. The colonists convened the Continental Congress and petitioned the king for redress of their grievances. In 1774 Britain responded with the coercive Intolerable Acts. Fighting erupted on April 9, 1775 at Lexington and Concord. The Continental Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army and on July 4, 1776. adopted the Declaration of Independence. The colonial victory in the Saratoga Campaign helped forge a French-American alliance, which brought vital aid to the colonists. The surrender. October 1781, of General Cornwallis ended the fighting and the Treaty of Paris (1783) recognized the U.S. as a nation.The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.Americas War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and parliament.1.The American Revolution broke out mainly as a result of conflicts between the thirteen colonies and Britain in（ ）.2.The word coercive in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to （ ）.3.Which of the following elements directly contributed to the victorious conclusion of the American Revolution?4.It can be inferred from the passage that the loyalists who escaped to Canada were （ ）.5.What will the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss?问题1选项A.ideological trendsB.life stylesC.cultural differencesD.economic interests问题2选项A.compelling by forceB.compensating the lossC.coming to terms by negotiationD.reconciling by a compromise问题3选项A.The Lexington Campaign.B.The Continental Congress.C.The Declaration of Independence.D.The French American alliance.问题4选项A.RussianB.FrenchC.BritishD.Australian问题5选项A.The transport of prisoners to Australia.B.The creation of new state governments.C.Events leading up to the American Revolution.D.How Canada and the United States became friends.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句提到到了18世纪中叶，殖民地和母国之间在生活、思想，尤其是经济利益方面形成了差异（By the middle of the 18th century, differences in life, thought, and especially economic interests had formed between the colonies and the mother country），由此可知，殖民地与母国发生冲突最大的原因是因为经济利益。选项D符合题意。2.词义题。根据Fighting erupted on April 9, 1775 at Lexington Concord，战争爆发是由于母国的武力强制，因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到萨拉托大捷帮助建立了法美联盟，为殖民地人民带来了至关重要的援助（The colonial victory in the Saratoga Campaign helped forge a French-American alliance, which brought vital aid to the colonists），因此选项D符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章第三段提到加拿大的第一大批讲英语的流入人口来自于成千上万英王的效忠者，这些人从美国逃到了加拿大（One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States），可知这些逃到加拿大的人是英国王室的效忠者，所以选项C符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“接下来的一段最可能讨论什么问题？”最后讲述了政治的颠覆并不像人们想象的那样具有革命性。以一些州为例，战争在很大程度上认可了已经存在的殖民自治，英国官员被地方统治阶级代替。选项B“新的州政府的建立”与最后一段关系密切，符合题意。6. 单选题We booked rooms at the hotel （ ）we should find no vacancies on our arrival.问题1选项A.wheneverB.ifC.sinceD.lest【答案】D【解析】考查语法中连词的用法。A项whenever 表示“无论何时”；B项if表示“如果；是否”；C项since表示“自从；既然”；D项lest表示“以免，唯恐”，根据句意以及逻辑关系可知，本题正确答案为D项。7. 单选题In order to repair barns, build fences, grow crops, and care for animals, a farmer must indeed be （ ）.问题1选项A.restlessB.skilledC.strongD.versatile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。restless “坐立不安的，不耐烦的”；skilled “有技能的，熟练的”；strong “强壮的，强健的”；versatile “多才多艺的，多用途的” 。句意：为了修缮谷仓、建立栅栏、种植庄稼以及饲养牲畜，事实上，农民必须是多才多艺的。根据句意可知，农民应该是多才多艺的，故答案选D。8. 单选题When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. These differences can create problems.For example, in France, business meetings begin promptly at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there. Foreign business people who are tardy are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions. For example, if a transaction is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles. Of course, this currency is of little value to the American firm. It is, therefore, necessary to convert the foreign currency to American dollars. How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars? This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate from day to day. For example, the ruble maybe worth 0.75 on Monday and 0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia. In addition, there is the dilemma associated with converting at 0.72. Some financial institutions may be unwilling to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week. As a result, conversion may finally come at 0.69. These “losses” must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.A third unique problem is trade barriers. For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders. Some trade barriers are directly related to exports. For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import. Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs.1.The best title for the passage would be（ ）.2.In France, tardy business people（ ）.3.According to the passage, conversion rates（ ）.4.The intended audience of this passage are（ ）.5.Which of the following is likely to be discussed in the next paragraph?问题1选项A.How to Succeed in International TradeB.Monetaiy ConversionC.Trade BarriersD.Unique Problems in International Trade问题2选项A.are often insultedB.often suffer from coldnessC.are often left outdoors waitingD.are often asked to polish their shoes问题3选项A.are always not changingB.are determined by financial institutionsC.are agreed upon by two trading countriesD.vary from day to day问题4选项A.professors of economicsB.postgraduate students of international tradeC.beginners of businessD.business people问题5选项A.Export trade barriers.B.Quotas and tariffs.C.Reasons for imposing trading barriers.D.Measures to break down trade barriers.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段先指出“当企业从事海外业务时通常都会接触到来着不同文化的人”,后面分别从时间观、货币兑换以及贸易壁垒三个方面举例阐述并给出建议。故A项“如何在国际贸易中获得成功”最适合做文章标题。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词tardy business people定位至第二段: Foreign business people who are tardy are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness (迟到的外贸业务人员通常会 遭遇长吋间等候，这也是一种让他们知道准吋的重要性的方法)。因此C项 “通常需要在门外等候”正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词conversion rates定位至第三段: This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate from day to day (汇率是由支持货币流通的市场情况决定的。因此，尽管汇率每天都会波动， 但也会有一个既定的比率),故选C “每天都会变化”。4.判断推理题。文章主要讨论的是海外贸易过程中可能遇到的因地区差异导致的问题,因此推测文章的目标受众是“商业人士”。5.判断推理题。最后一段讲到了国际贸易中的第三个问题-贸易壁垒,最后一句指出: Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs (两种最主要的进口壁垒就是配额与关税),因此推测下一段将讨论“配额与关税”。9. 单选题California is a land of variety and contrast.Almost every type of physical land feature, sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders.Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another.People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles.In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance.Contrast abounds in California.The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska).Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles.California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes.It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level.Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are dried up lake beds.In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.1. Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States?2. Where is the highest point in the United States located?3.How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield?5.Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast?问题1选项A.Lake TulainyoB.Mojave desertC.Death ValleyD.The Salton Sea问题2选项A.Lake TahoeB.Sierra NevadaC.Mount WhitneyD.Alaska问题3选项A.about 3 milesB.Only 100 milesC.282 feetD.14,494 feet问题4选项A.The Pacific Ocean.B.San Joaquin ValleyC.Mojave DesertD.Oregon and Washington问题5选项A.The highest lake in California is Lake TulainyoB.It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.C.Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and Pacific Ocean all lie within a radius of about 100 miles.D.Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干中的the lowest point可以定位在文章描述海拔高度的部分。由文章第三段中的.Death Volley, 282 feet below sea level. “死亡谷， 低于海平面282英尺。”第三段提到了美国的最高点和最低点。故C项符合题意。2.细节事实题。同样根据题干定位在文章第三段中的The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). “(除了阿拉斯加州之外)美国的最商点就在加利福尼亚，并且(包括阿拉斯加州在内)美国的最低点也在加利福尼亚。”由此可以推断出，美国实际最高点应该在阿拉斯加州，因此答案选D。3.细节事实题。根据题干可以将答案定位在文章第三段中的 Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.“海拔14,494英尺的惠特尼山与海拔282英尺的死亡谷仅相距100英里。”由此选项B “仅仅100英里”正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield 可以将答案定位在文章第二段第一句话 People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. “例如，生活在贝克斯菲尔德的人们可以游览太平洋和沿海平原，肥沃的圣华金山谷，干旱的莫哈韦沙漠，以及高海拔的内华达山脉，所有这些都在100英里的范围内。由此可知，只有D项没有提及，故答案为D。5.判断推理题。四个选项的信息均在文章中有所提及且表述正确，但最能体现加利福尼亚地貌多样性且差异巨大的为选项C“内华达山脉、圣华金河谷、莫哈韦沙漠和太平洋均在100英里的半径范围内”。故C项符合题意。10. 单选题Whether you live to eat or eat to live, food is a major（ ）in every familys budget.问题1选项A.nutritionB.expenditureC.routineD.provision【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项nutrition表示“营养；营养学；营养品”；B选项expenditure表示“支出，花费；经费，消费额”；C选项routine表示“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D选项provision表示“规定；条款；准备；供应品”。根据句意可知，食物在每个家庭的预算中都是主要的支出，因此B选项最符合句意。故本题正确答案为B。11. 单选题The Readers Digest investigation asked Americans which was the biggest threat to the nations future -big business, big labor or big government. A whopping 67 percent replied big government. That is a big change over 40 years ago. A 1954 Opinion Research Corp. Poll found that only 16 percent of Americans indicted big government, given the same three choices. In a 1965 Gallup survey, those belie