考研考博-考博英语-广西大学模拟考试题含答案30

考研考博-考博英语-广西大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state（ ）.问题1选项A.pensionsB.earningsC.salariesD.donations【答案】A【解析】句意:老年俄罗斯公民发现，依靠国家的养老金生活很艰难。考查名词辨析。pension 养老金；earning 收益；工资；salary 薪水；donation捐赠；捐款。因此A项正确。2. 单选题You dont look so well, Mary. Whats the matter with you?Why?（ ）.问题1选项A.Im quite myselfB.Fine, think youC.I felt badD.Im not myself【答案】A【解析】句意:玛丽，你看起来不太好。你怎么了？怎么会这么问？我自己觉得挺好的啊！语义题。对话中的“why”是表示不同意的语气词。因此，回答者是对提问者的反驳，即Im quite myself意为“自我感觉良好”符合句意。因此选A。3. 单选题I never expected you to（ ）at the meeting. I thought you were abroad.问题1选项A.turn aroundB.turn onC.turn downD.turn up【答案】D【解析】句意:我从未料到你会出现在会议中。我以为你在国外。考查短语辨析。turn around 转身；turn on 升起；turn down 拒绝；减少 turn up 出现、露面。因此D项符合句意。4. 单选题It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints （约束）influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you dont at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beths story:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle （小隔间）offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles. Several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but nice isnt a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, youll probably have to ask for it.Performance is your best bargaining chip（筹码）when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs （a new client or a sizable contract, for example） just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.1. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should（ ）.2. What can be inferred from Beths story?3. We can learn from the passage that（ ）.4. To get a pay raise, a person on should（ ）.5. To be successful in negotiations, one must（ ）.问题1选项A.demonstrate his capabilityB.give his boss a good impressionC.ask for as much money as he canD.ask for the salary he hopes to get问题2选项A.Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.B.If people want what they deserve they have to ask for it.C.People should not be content with what they have got.D.People should be careful when negotiating for a job.问题3选项A.unfairness exists in salary increasesB.most people are overworked and underpaidC.one should avoid overstating ones performanceD.most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises问题4选项A.advertise himself on the job marketB.persuade his boss to sign a long-term contractC.try to get inside information about the organizationD.do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions问题5选项A.meet his boss at the appropriate timeB.arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC.be good at influencing the outcome of the interactionD.be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词before taking a job 定位至第一句话: It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints influence wage increases (协商起薪更为容易，因为你一旦进入了公司，公司的制度限制就会影响工资增长)。也就是，若担心入职后工资增长受限，入职前则尽量要求多的薪水2.判断推理题。第二段讲述了关于Beth的经历: I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it (当我没有要求时，我没有得到我想要的)。I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way (我认为，他们觉得我满意目前的状况，因为我没有说出我的意见)。由此可知，如果你想得到你本应得的薪酬和待遇，你就应当主动去争取或说出自己的想法。因此选B项“如果人们想要得到他们理应得到的，就必须提出要求”。3.判断推理题。通过选项可以定位至第三段: It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but nice isnt a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, youll probably have to ask for it (如果我们都能够自动获得与价值相当的加薪，这将是多么美好的事，但是，美好对于多数公司来说并不是必备特质。如果你觉得应获大幅度的加薪，那么，你最好是提出来)。因此，A项“在工资增长问题上存在不公之处”正确。4.判断推理题。第四段指出:表现是加薪的最好筹码，而且时机也很重要。并且加以举例说明:If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want (如果你能向老板提供他/她所需要的东西(比如一个新客户，或者是一个可观的合同)，那么，你就更有可能得到想要的加薪)。因此D项“在绩效工资决定之前，做一些让老板留下深刻印象的事”正确。5.判断推理题。最后一段指出: Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction (带上这个筹码，在合适的时机去谈判吧！并通过使用谈判技巧来引导相互作用的方向)。因此，此处是指谈判的合适时机，并未说具体的见面时间。因此排除A项和B项。D选项“熟悉老板的好恶”在文中并未提及。而且，C项“善于影响交流互动的结果”相当于“to guide the direction of the interaction”，故选C。5. 单选题（ ）to somebody, a British person often shakes hands with the stranger.问题1选项A.IntroducingB.To introduceC.To be introducedD.On being introduced【答案】D【解析】句意:当英国人在被介绍给别人的时候，经常喜欢和陌生人握手。6. 单选题During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】句意:在他们教师培训的第一年，学生们为了观摩课程经常参观当地学校。考查名词辨析。observation 监视，观察；investigation调查，研究; inspection 检查，视察；examination 检查。因此A项符合句意，在此处表示“观摩”。7. 单选题The representative of the committee was asked to（ ）his earlier statement.问题1选项A.verifyB.withdrawC.repeatD.modify【答案】A【解析】句意:这个委员会的代表被要求证实他早期的言论。考查动词辨析。verify 核实，证实 withdraw 撤回;repeat 重复; modify 修改。因此A项符合句意。8. 单选题It was not until one hundred thousand years after the big bang that photons were（ ）from matter.问题1选项A.set apartB.set offC.set outD.set free【答案】D【解析】句意:直到十万年宇宙大爆炸之后，光子才从物质中释放出来。考查短语辨析。D项 “从中释放”符合句意。9. 单选题In the course of my reading I had come across a case where, many years ago, some hunters on our Great Plains organized a buffalo hunt for the entertainment of an English earl and provide some fresh meat for his use. They had charming sport. They killed seventy-two of those great animals; and ate part of one of them and left the seventy-one to rot. In order to determine the difference between an anaconda and an earl, I had seven lambs turned into the anacondas cage. The grateful snake immediately crushed one of them and swallowed it, then lay back satisfied. It showed no further interest in the lamb, and no inclination to harm them. I tried this experiment with other anacondas is that the earl is cruel and the anaconda isnt; and the earl wantonly destroyed what he has no use for, but the anaconda doesnt. This seemed to suggest that the anaconda was not descended from the earl. It also seemed to suggest that the earl was descended from the anaconda and had lost a good deal in the transition.I was aware that many men who have accumulated more money than they can ever use have shown a hunger for more, and have not hesitated to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their poor savings in order to partially satisfy the appetite. I furnished a hundred different kinds of wild and domestic animals the opportunity to accumulate vast stores of food but none of them would do it. The squirrels and bees and certain birds made accumulations, but stopped when they gathered a winters supply, and could not be persuaded to add to it either honestly or be trickery. These experiments convinced me that there is this difference between man and the higher animals; he is greedy, they are not.In the course of my experiments, I convinced myself that among the animals man is the only one that harbors insults and injuries, broods over them, waits till a chance offers, then takes revenge. The passion of revenge is unknown to the higher animals.1. By describing the buffalo hunting and his experiment with the anaconda, the author mainly wantsto tell his readers that（ ）.2. According to the author, in human society, the rich（ ）.3. The authors experiments with different kinds of animals seem to prove that（ ）.4. We learn from the last paragraph that（ ）.5. In this passage, the author writes in a (n)（ ）.问题1选项A.the anaconda is easily satisfiedB.the earl is capable of committing wanton crueltyC.the earls ancestor turned out to be the anacondaD.the anaconda does not harm other animals except when it is hungry问题2选项A.tend to accumulate vast stores of foodB.are inclined to gather more richesC.are ready to help the poorD.is mostly cheaters问题3选项A.man is the highest animalB.man is superior to animalsC.man is the lowest animalD.man is inferior to animals in certain respect问题4选项A.love of revenge is a unique characteristic of manB.man is the only animal capable of thinkingC.human beings are capable of insulting and injuring each otherD.man is better in taking chances than animals问题5选项A.serious toneB.angry toneC.ironic toneD.matter-of-fact tone【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题干意为:通过描述狩猎水牛，以及他用蟒蛇做的实验，作者主要想告诉读者什么？第一段指出:They killed seventy-two of those great animals; and ate part of one of them and left the seventy-one to rot (他们杀了72头牛，然后吃了一头牛的一部分，将剩下的71头牛丢下以腐烂)。接下来作者为了区分动物和人类，用蟒蛇做了实验。后面指出: I tried this experiment with other anacondas is that the earl is cruel and the anaconda isnt (我用这个蟒蛇的实验是想表明，伯爵是残忍的，蟒蛇不是)。因此B项“伯爵能做出荒唐的残忍行为”正确。2.判断推理题。题干意为:作者认为，在人类社会中，富人如何？A:往往积累大量的食物。B:倾向于聚集更多的财富。C:准备帮助穷人。D:大多数是骗子。第二段指出: I was aware that many men who have accumulated more money than they can ever use have shown a hunger for more, and have not hesitated to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their poor savings in order to partially satisfy the appetite (我发现，很多已经聚集大量财富的人会想要得到更多，并且毫不犹豫地欺骗无辜的人和无助的穷人，以满足他们贪婪的欲望)。A项跟D项没有提及，C项与原文所述相反，B项正确。3.判断推理题。题干意为:作者用不同的动物做实验，似乎想证明什么？第二段指出: .but stopped when they gathered a winters supply, and could not be persuaded to add to it either honestly or be trickery. These experiments convinced me that there is this difference between man and the higher animals; he is greedy, they are not (当满足了冬天生存的食物供给吋，他们就会停止积累食物，并且，也不会因其他原因而增加。这些实验告诉我，人类和高等动物的区别，即人类是贪婪的，而高等动物不是)。4.判断推理题。题干意为:从最后一段，我们可得知:In the course of my experiments, I convinced myself that among the animals man is the only one that harbors insults and injuries, broods over them, waits till a chance offers, then takes revenge. The passion of revenge is unknown to the higher animals (在实验中，我相信，在动物中，人是唯一心怀侮辱的动物，伤害他人并与他人计较，而且人类会等待机会，采取报复。复仇的热情是高等动物未知的)。因此C项“人类能互相侮辱和伤害”正确。5.观点态度题。题干意为:作者以何种态度写这篇文章？文章中作者认为人类是贪婪的，不满足的。因此选C项“讽刺的”。10. 单选题Yet with economies in free fall, managers also need up-to-date information about what is happening to their businesses, so that they can change course rapidly if necessary. Cisco, an American network-equipment giant, has invested over many years in the technology needed to generate such data. Frank Calderoni, the firms CFO, says that every day its senior executives can track exactly what orders are coming in from sales teams around the world, and identify emerging trends in each region and market segment. And at the end of each month, the firm can get reliable financial results within four hours of closing its books. Most firms have to wait days or even weeks for such certainty.Admittedly, Ciscos financial results have not made happy reading recently because, in common with many other large technology companies, it has seen demand for its products decline in the downturn. In early February it announced that its fiscal second-quarter revenues of $9.1 billion were 7.5% lower than the same period in 2008 and that its profit had fallen by 27%, to $ 1.5 billion.In response to hard times, Cisco plans to cut $ 1 billion of costs this year by, among other things, making use of its own video-conferencing and other communications technologies to reduce the amount its executives travel. It is also using these facilities to relay information from employees on the ground to its senior managers, and to get instructions from Ciscos leaders back out to its 67,000 staff. A rapid exchange of information and instructions is especially valuable if the company wants to alter course in stormy times.If everybody in a company can rapidly grasp what they have to do and how it is changing, they are more likely to get the job done. But some firms are reluctant to share their goals with the wider world. Unilever, a big Anglo-Dutch consumer-goods group, has decided against issuing a 2009 financial forecast to investors, arguing that it is difficult to predict what is going to happen, given the dangerous state of the world economy. Were not just going to provide numbers for the sake of it, explains James Allison, the companys head of investor relations. Other companies that have decided not to provide annual earnings estimates for 2009 include Costco, a big American retailer, and Union Pacific, an American railway company.Some firms, such as Intel, seem to have chosen to take things quarter by quarter. The giant chipmaker （芯片制造商）said in January that it would not issue an official forecast for the first quarter of 2009 after its fourth-quarter 2008 profit decreased by 90%. Several retail chains have also stopped providing monthly sales estimates because they cannot see what the future holds. Retailers, chipmakers and firms in many other industries may have a long wait before the economic fog finally lifts.1. What can we learn about Cisco from the passage?2. According to the author, the staff can perform better by（ ）.3. What is important in the unstable time if a company wants to change strategies?4. The reason Unilever plans not to issue financial forecast in 2009 lies in（ ）.5. What can we know about the giant chipmaker-Intel in the passage?问题1选项A.It will keep a record of the orders from sales teams.B.It cuts $ 1 billion cost by solely relying on its own technologies.C.Unlike other technology companies, its financial reports are encouraging.D.Only employees can use the video-conferencing to pass information.问题2选项A.getting instructions from their senior managersB.seizing what to do at hand and what to do nextC.having a financial forecast as a goalD.sharing their goals with others问题3选项A.To issue companys financial reports faster.B.To obtain the up to-date information of companys business.C.To predict that is going to happen in the future.D.To wait until the economic fog finally lifts.问题4选项A.its reluctance to share its goal with othersB.its rapid grasp of changes in the marketsC.the unstable economic situationD.its reduction in the cost of prediction问题5选项A.It did not issue first-quarter forecast for great decrease in January.B.Inters chain store used to report sales estimates by year.C.Only retailers and chipmakers are greatly influenced.D.Intels profit was greatly decreased in 2008s last quarter.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题干意为:根据文章,我们能了解关于Cisco的什么信息？根据题干关键词Cisco定位至第一段第三句: .its senior executives can track exactly what orders are coming in from sales teams around the world, and identify emerging trends in each region and market segment (思科公司的高级主管每天都会跟踪销售团队的订单， 确定各个地区的新兴发展趋势)。因此，A项“它跟踪销售团队的订单”正确。2.判断推理题。题干意为:根据作者所述, 员工通过什么方式能表现更好？A:从经验管理者那得到指导。文章并未提及,故排除。B:掌握手头上和将要做的事情。第四段第一句指出:If everybody in a company can rapidly grasp what they have to do and how it is changing, they are more likely to get the job done (如果公司的每名员工都可以迅速掌握自己目前和下一步该做的事情，那么，他们就能更容易地将工作完成),因此B项正确。C:将财务预测作为目标。D:与他人分享目标。第四段第二句确实提到财务预测和财务目标的论述，但是，作者并没有将它们与员工的表现联系起来。因此排除C项跟D项。综上所述,本题选B。3.细节事实题。题干意为:在不稳定的时期，如果公司想改变策略，什么是重要的？第三段最后一句指出：A rapid exchange of information and instructions is especially valuable if the company wants to alter course in stormy times(如果公司想在动荡时期改变策略，必须迅速交流信息与指示)。因此，B项“获得公司最新的业务信息”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题干意为:联合利华不计划发布其2009年的财务预测的原因是？根据题干关键词Unilever以及financial forecast in 2009定位至第三句: Unilever. has decided against issuing a 2009 financial forecast to investors, arguing that it is difficult to predict what is going to happen, given the dangerous state of the world economy (考虑到世界经济动荡不安的局势， 一切事情都很难预测，所以联合利华不计划发布其2009年的财务预测)。因此C项“不稳定的经济状况”正确。5.细节事实题。题干意为:关于大型芯片生产巨头英特尔，我们知道什么？根据题干关键词giant chipmaker-Intel定位至最后一段第二句: The giant chipmaker said in January that it would not issue an official forecast for the first quarter of 2009 after its fourth-quarter 2008 profit decreased by 90% (根据大型芯片生产巨头英特尔1月份的 声明，2008年第四季度其利润下降了90%,因此，该公司不会正式发布其2009年第一季度的预估)。因此，D项“英特尔在2008年最后一个季度的利润有大幅下降”正确。11. 单选题Im sorry to have（ ） you with so many questions on such an occasion.问题1选项A.interferedB.impressedC.offendedD.bothered【答案】D【解析】句意:这种情况下，我还问了这么多问题，给你添麻烦了，真是抱歉。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。interfere干预；打扰；impress 给以深刻印象；offend 冒犯；得罪 ；bother烦扰；打扰。因此D符合句意。12. 单选题He（ ）meant to give his opinion, not to start an argument.问题1选项A.merelyB.sincerelyC.actuallyD.definitely【答案】A【解析】句意:他仅仅是打算提出自己的观点，并非想展开辩论。考查副词辨析。merely 仅仅；sincerely 真诚地，诚恳地；actually 确实；definitely 明确地；确定地。因此A符合句意。13. 单选题A new technique（ ），the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.问题1选项A.working outB.had been worked outC.having been worked outD.having worked out【答案】C【解析】句意:因为新技术已经解决，所以，整体的产量增长了 20%。语法题。考查非谓语动词。逗号后半句结构已经完整，因此前半句应用非谓语动词。此外，a new technique和work out之间是被动关系，因此，此处应 该是过去分词做状语。因此C项正确。14. 单选题The bad weather meant（ ）the rocket launch (发射)for 48 hours.问题1选项A.delayingB.having delayedC.to delayD.to have delayed【答案】A【解析】句意:糟糕的天气意味着火箭发射推延48小时。考查固定搭配。mean to do sth. 打算做某事。mean doing sth. 意味着做某事。故选A。15. 单选题In spite of the（ ）, it seemed that many of the invited guests would still show up.问题1选项A.deviationB.distinctionC.controversyD.comparison【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管有争议，但看来很多被邀请的客人还是会出席的。考查名词辨析。deviation背离；distinction区别，优秀，荣誉，优待；controversy争论，辩论，论战；comparison比较，比喻。in spite of表示“尽管”，因此前后句子为让步转折的逻辑关系。因此C项“争议”符合句意。16. 单选题In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earths postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction.Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check t