2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解22

2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题He wouldnt even think of wearing clothes;（ ） they make him look so old!问题1选项A.sameB.despiteC.suchD.that【答案】D【解析】用that从句表原因，所以选项D正确。2. 单选题All of the international delegates attending the conference（ ） to bring a souvenir from their own countries.问题1选项A.has askedB.is askingC.were askedD.was asking【答案】C【解析】本句主语为“delegates”，所以谓语动词应为复数形式。选项C正确。3. 单选题Since his injury was serious, the doctor suggested that he（ ） in the game.问题1选项A.did not playB.must not playC.not playD.not to play【答案】C【解析】suggest表建议时用虚拟语气，用should+动词原形，should可省略，所以选项C正确。4. 单选题Mary finally decided（ ） all the junk she had kept in the garage.问题1选项A.get ridB.gotten rid ofC.getting rid ofD.to get rid of【答案】D【解析】固定介词搭配。decide to do sth.决定做某事。所以，选项D正确。5. 单选题He told a story about his sister who was in a sad（ ） when she was ill and had no money.问题1选项A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment【答案】A【解析】plight困境；polarization两极分化；plague瘟疫，灾祸；pigment颜料，色素。in a sad plight指处于困境。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题The role of American women （ ）significantly from the time the nation was born, to the modern era of the 1950s and 1960s.问题1选项A.has changedB.has been changedC.changedD.had been changed【答案】D【解析】语法知识。根据句意可知，这里应该用过去完成时态，首先排除选项A和C；role与change之间为被动关系,所以选项D正确。7. 单选题People innately（ ） for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.问题1选项A.striveB.ascertainC.justifyD.adhere【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。strive for意为“争取, 奋斗”；选项B为及物动词；选项C和D通常与介词to搭配。所以选项A正确。8. 翻译题中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。【答案】Practically as the most attractive market in the world, China has drawn the attention of worldwide entrepreneurs whose acute insight led to wealthy benefits from their investment. I believe that there will be more opportunities for foreign people to take part in the investment in China in the wake of its WTO entry and expand their space for further development. These activities will certainly serve as the bridge linking together the entrepreneurs around the world and their target Chinese market in the hope of promoting mutual development and prosperity for Chinese and the world economy.9. 单选题Reporters and photographers alike took great （ ）at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。take offence at sth., 意为“对某事生气”。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题According to a recent publication of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, at the present rate of progress, it will take forty-three years to end job discriminationhardly a reasonable timetable.If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity, it is then we need affirmative action to catch up. We are behind as a result of discrimination and denial of opportunity. There is one white attorney for every 680 whites, but only one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks; one white physician for every 659 whites, but only one black physician for every 5, 000 blacks; and one white dentist for every 1, 900 whites, but only one black dentist for every 8, 400 blacks. Less than 1 percent of all engineers or of all practicing chemists is black. Cruel and uncompassionate injustice created gaps like these. We need creative justice and compassion to help us close them.Actually, in the U. S. context, “reverse discrimination” is illogical and a contradiction in terms. Never in the history of mankind has a majority, with power, engaged in programs and written laws that discriminate against itself. The only thing whites are giving up because of affirmative action is unfair advantage something that was unnecessary in the first place.Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, as news accounts make it seem. There are 49 percent more whites in medical school today and 64 percent more whites in law school than there were when affirmative action programs began some eight years ago.In a recent column, William Raspberry raised an interesting question. Commenting on the Bakke case, he asked, “What if, instead of setting aside 16 of 100 slots, we added 16 slots to the 100?” That, he suggested, would not interfere with what whites already have. He then went on to point out that this, in fact, is exactly what has happened in law and medical schools. In 1968, the year before affirmative action programs began to get under way, 9,571 whites and 282 members of minority groups entered U. S. medical schools. In 1976, the figures were 14,213 and 1,400 respectively. Thus, under affirmative action, the number of “white places” actually rose by 49 percent; white access to medical training was not diminished, but substantially increased. The trend was even more marked in law schools. In 1969, the first year for which reliable figures are available, 2,933 minority-group members were enrolled; in 1976, the number was up to 8,484. But during the same period, law school enrollment for whites rose from 65,453 to 107,064 an increase of 64 percent. In short, it is a myth that blacks are making progress at white expense.Allan Bakke did not really challenge preferential treatment in general, for he made no challenge to the preferential treatment accorded to the children of the rich, the alumni and the faculty or to athletes or the very talented only to minorities.1.The author is for affirmative action（ ） .2.It requires（ ） to close the gaps between the whites and the blacks in the U. S.3.Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, according to the author, because（ ） .4.William Raspberry, while commenting on the Bakke case, suggests（ ） .5.What Allan Bakke challenged was（ ） .问题1选项A.because there is discrimination and denial of opportunity in the U. S.B.if we aim at educational and economic equity and parityC.because it will take 43 years to end job discriminationD.when there is no reasonable timetable in the U. S.问题2选项A.one black attorney for ever 4,000 blacksB.a lot more black engineers and chemistsC.education and economic developmentD.creative justice and compassion问题3选项A.what white give up is only unfair advantageB.there are 49 percent more white in medical school today alreadyC.whites, the majority in the U. S. , will never discriminate against themselvesD.there are 64 percent more whites in law schools today问题4选项A.to offer 100 slots to whites and 16 to blacksB.to offer 84 slots to whites and 16 to blacksC.to follow what has happened in law and medical schoolsD.to interfere with what whites already have问题5选项A.the myth that blacks are making progress at white expenseB.unfair treatment accorded to blacksC.preferential treatment in generalD.preferential treatment to minority-group members【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.根据第二段第一句“If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity, it is then we need affirmative action to catch up.”如果我们的目标是教育和经济公平与平等，那么我们就需要积极地开展平权行动。选项B符合原文。2.根据第二段最后两句“Cruel and uncompassionate injustice created gaps like these. We need creative justice and compassion to help us close them.”残酷无情的不公正造成了这样的差距。我们需要创造性的公正和同情来消除差距。选项D符合原文。3.根据第三段最后一句“The only thing whites are giving up because of affirmative action is unfair advantage something that was unnecessary in the first place.”白人因为平权法案而放弃的唯一一件事是不公平的优势，这在一开始是不必要的。选项A符合原文。4.根据关键词“William Raspberry”定位到倒数第二段，根据“What if, instead of setting aside 16 of 100 slots, we added 16 slots to the 100?”“如果我们不是在100个位置中留出16个位置，而是在100个位置中增加16个位置，那会怎么样?”他表示，这不会影响白人已经拥有的东西。所以选项A正确。5.根据原文内容可知，Allan Bakke挑战的是“it is a myth that blacks are making progress at white expense.”选项A正确。11. 单选题When he realized the police had spotted him, the man （ ） the exit as quickly as possible.问题1选项A.made forB.made outC.made up toD.made way【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。make for走向，有快速移动的意思；make out理解，辨认出；make up to接近，奉承；make way 让路，前进。根据句意可知，这里指快速朝出口走去。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again, because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldierand some do exist一is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe; an airplane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away some of the beams in your roof so that the latter falls on you, or you may get cancer!The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and successful actions to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well.In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you can not prevent an airplane crashing onto your house. In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it.1.Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if （ ）.2.A really fearless soldier （ ）.3.Fear should be used properly because （ ） .4.People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding danger because （ ）.5.Which of the following statements is implied but not stated?问题1选项A.they were given no warning beforehandB.they had never burnt themselvesC.they had no sense of painD.they were fearful of the fire问题2选项A.is of little use to the armyB.is without equalC.is nothing but a dead soldierD.easily gets killed in a battle问题3选项A.an airplane may crash on your houseB.you may get cancerC.fear can be used as a servant and guideD.men are now letting fear rule them too much问题4选项A.they have gained experienceB.they jump out of the way in timeC.they are calm in face of dangerD.they are warned of the danger and can take quick action问题5选项A.Fear is always something helpful.B.Too much fear is harmful.C.Fear ought to be used as a servant and guide.D.Fear is something unprofitable【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away.”如果火在燃烧时没有伤到孩子，他们就会一直玩到火烧到自己的手为止。选项B符合原文。2.细节推断题。根据关键词“fearless soldier”定位到第一段第四句“A really fearless soldierand some do exist一is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; ”一个无畏的士兵不是一个好士兵,因为他很快就会被杀。选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段第一句“The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide.”重要的是不要让恐惧支配你，而是要把恐惧当作你的仆人和向导。选项C符合原文。4.细节推断题。根据题第三段的二三句“Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and successful actions to avoid the danger.”恐惧会警告你有危险；然后你必须决定采取什么行动。在大多数情况下，你可以采取快速和成功的行动来避免危险。选项D符合原文。5.推断题。选项A中always表述错误；选项C是原文已经阐明的观点；选项D不符合原文。只有选项B正确且符合原文。13. 单选题Many of the fads of the 1970s（ ） as todays latest fashions.问题1选项A.are being revivedB.is revisedC.are revokedD.is being reviled【答案】A【解析】本句的主语是“the fads”，所以谓语动词为复数，首先排除选项B和D；revive恢复，复兴；revise修正，校订；revoke取消，废除；revile辱骂，斥责。选项A符合语境。14. 写作题Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “My Understanding of Globalization”.【答案】My Understanding of Globalization15. 单选题The food was divided（ ） according to the age and size of the child.问题1选项A.equallyB.individuallyC.sufficientlyD.proportionally【答案】B【解析】句意：食物是根据孩子的年龄和大小单独分开的。选项B符合语境。16. 单选题（ ） the increase in the number of computers in our offices, the amount of paper that we need has risen as well.问题1选项A.Along withB.AltogetherC.AlthoughD.All along【答案】A【解析】along with随同.一起；altogether完全，总而言之；although尽管，虽然；all along始终，一直。句意：随着我们办公室电脑数量的增加，我们需要的纸的数量也增加了。选项A符合句意。17. 单选题A product is to be regarded as being （ ）when introduced into the commerce of another country at less than its normal value.问题1选项A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumped【答案】D【解析】上下文语义。句意：一种产品以低于正常价值的价格进入另一国家的贸易时，被认为是 。根据语境可知，这里应填入与进出口货物相关的词汇。dump指倾销，符合语境，选项D正确。18. 翻译题Physicists all over the world, back in 1895, were pretty much agreeing that the great work of physics had all been done. Some of them mourned publicly that no discoveries of truly major importance were likely to be made in the future. But then they did not know that a Professor Roentgen, working alone in a modest laboratory in Germany, had begun a series of experiments with a crude induction coil, a pear-shaped bulb from which the air had been removed, and a sheet of paper painted with certain metallic salts. And Professor Roentgen did not know that his work was destined to reveal a force of naturenever before suspectedthat would almost overnight revolutionize medicine and technology, and become a instrument for deeper probing of the structure of matter.【答案】在1895年，全世界的物理学家普遍认为所有有关物理的伟大研究都已经完成了，他们中的有些人甚至公开宣称将来不可能再出现真正有意义的重大发现了。但是，那时他们还不知道，在德国一间小小的实验室里，一位名叫伦琴的教师已经开始了对粗糙的电磁感应线圈、一个被抽走空气的梨形鳞茎状物和一张涂抹了某种金属盐的纸张进行一系列的实验。伦琴教授不知道他的工作注定会揭示自然的某种力量，而这种力量是人们从未料想到的。它几乎在一夜间引起了医学和技术领域的革命，成为一种深入探测物质内部结构的工具。19. 单选题The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national（ ）. 问题1选项A.personalityB.temperamentC.interestD.destiny【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。句意：中日两国文化有许多共同的特点，但两国都根据各自的国情发挥了这些特点。National temperament指“国情”，为常用搭配。选项B正确。20. 单选题The Jatakana culture encompasses every（ ）of life from beliefs, superstitions, and practices to art, education and tourism.问题1选项A.respectB.inspectC.aspectD.suspect【答案】C【解析】形近词词义辨析。根据句意可知这里指Jatakana文化覆盖了生活的方方面面，选项C符合句意。