大学英语综合教程 学习教案

会计学1大学大学(dxu)英语综合教程英语综合教程 第一页，共17页。 Grant and Lee 1. When Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee met in the parlor of a modest house at Appomattox Court House， Virginia， on April 9， 1865， to work out the terms for the surrender of Lees Army of Northern Virginia， a great chapter in American life came to a close and a great new chapter began. 2.These men were bringing the Civil War to its virtual finish. To be sure， other armies had yet to surrender， and for a few days the fugitive Confederate government would struggle desperately and vainly， trying to find some way to go on living now that its chief support was gone. But in effect it was all over when Grant and Lee signed the papers. And the little room where they wrote out the terms was the scene of one of the poignant （强烈（强烈(qin li)的），的）， dramatic contrasts in American history. 第1页/共17页第二页，共17页。 3. They were two strong men， these oddly （奇妙地） different generals， and they represented the strengths of two conflicting currents that， through them， had come into final collision （碰撞 ）. 4.Back of Robert E. Lee was the notion that the old aristocratic （贵族的 ） concept might somehow survive and be dominant in American life. 5. Lee was tidewater Virginia， and in his background were family， culture， and traditionthe age of chivalry （骑士品质） transplanted to a New World which was making its own legends and its own myths. He embodied （体现） a way of life that had come down through the age of knighthood （骑士） and the English country squire （乡绅(xingshn)）. America was a land that was beginning all over again， dedicated to nothing much more complicated than the rather hazy （模糊的） belief that all men had equal rights， and should have an equal chance in the world.第2页/共17页第三页，共17页。In such a land Lee stood for the feeling that it was somehow of advantage to human society to have a pronounced inequality in the social structure. There should be a leisure （有闲阶层） class， backed by ownership of land； in turn， society itself should be keyed （使适应） to the land as the chief source of wealth and influence. It would bring forth （according to this ideal） a class of men with a strong sense of obligation （责任(zrn)） to the community； men who lived not to gain advantage for themselves， but to meet the solemn （郑重的 ） obligations which had been laid on them by the very fact that they were privileged （被给予特权）. From them the country would get its leadership； to them it could look for the higher values of thought， of conduct， of personal deportment （举止） to give it strength and virtue. 6. Lee embodied the noblest elements of this aristocratic ideal. Through him， the landed nobility justified itself. 第3页/共17页第四页，共17页。For four years， the Southern states had fought a desperate war to uphold the ideals for which Lee stood. In the end， it almost seemed as if the Confederacy fought for Lee； as if he himself was the Confederacythe best thing that the way of life for which the Confederacy stood could ever have to offer. He had passed into legend before Appomattox. Thousands of tired， underfed （使吃不饱） ， poorly clothed Confederate soldiers， long since past the simple enthusiasm of the early days of the struggle， somehow considered Lee the symbol of everything for which they had been willing to die. But they could not quite put this feeling into words. If the Lost Cause， sanctified （使神圣化） by so much heroism （英雄气概） and so many deaths， had a living justification， its justification was General Lee. 7. Grant， the son of a tanner （制革(zh )工人） on the Western frontier， was everything Lee was not. 第4页/共17页第五页，共17页。He had come up the hard way （极其艰巨地）， and embodied nothing in particular except the eternal （永远的）toughness （坚韧） and sinewy （强壮的） fiber of the men who grew up beyond the mountains. He was one of a body of men who owed reverence （崇敬） and obeisance （顺从(shncng)） to no one， who were self-reliant to a fault （过分地）， who cared hardly anything for the past but who had a sharp eye for the future. 8. These frontier（边疆） men were the precise opposites of the tidewater aristocrats. Back of them in the great surge （涌动） that had taken people over the Alleghenies and into the opening Western country， there was a deep， implicit （不言明的） dissatisfaction with a past that had settled into grooves （陈规）. They stood for democracy， not from any reasoned conclusion about the proper ordering of human society， but simply because they had grown up in the middle of democracy and knew how it worked. 第5页/共17页第六页，共17页。Their society might have privileges， but they would be privileges each man had won for himself. Forms and patterns meant nothing. No man was born to anything， except perhaps to a chance to show how far he could rise. Life was competition.Yet along with this feeling had come a deep sense of belonging to a national community .The Westerner who developed a farm, opened a shop, or set up in business as a trader, could hope to prosper only as his own community prospered and his community ran from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada down to Mexico. If the land was settled， with towns and highways and accessible markets， he could better himself. He saw his fate in terms of the nations own destiny. As its horizons expanded， so did his. He had， in other words， an acute dollars-and-cents （纯金钱(jnqin)的） stake in the continued growth and development of his country.第6页/共17页第七页，共17页。 10. And that， perhaps， is where the contrast between Grant and Lee becomes most striking. The Virginia aristocrat， inevitably， saw himself in relation to his own region. He lived in a static society which could endure almost anything except change. Instinctively （出于天性） ， his first loyalty would go to the locality in which that society existed. He would fight to the limit of endurance to defend it， because in defending it he was defending everything that gave his own life its deepest meaning. 11.The Westerner， on the other hand， would fight with an equal tenacity （坚持不懈(jin ch b xi)） for the broader concept of society. He fought so because everything he lived by was tied to growth， expansion， and a constantly widening horizon. What he lived by would survive or fall with the nation itself. He could not possibly stand by （袖手旁观） unmoved in the face of an attempt to destroy the Union. He would combat it with everything he had， because he could only see it as an effort to cut the ground out from under his feet.第7页/共17页第八页，共17页。 12.So Grant and Lee were in complete contrast， representing two diametrically （完全地） opposed elements in American life. Grant was the modern man emerging； beyond him， ready to come on the stage， was the great age of steel and machinery， of crowded cities and a restless， burgeoning（迅速成长） vitality （生命力）. Lee might have ridden down from the old age of chivalry， lance （长矛(chn mo)） in hand， silken banner fluttering over his head. Each man was the perfect champion of his cause， drawing both his strengths and his weaknesses from the people he led. 13.Yet it was not all contrast， after all. Different as they were in background， in personality， in underlying （潜在的） aspiration （抱负） these two great soldiers had much in common. Under everything else， they were marvelous （了不起的） fighters. Furthermore， their fighting qualities were really very much alike.第8页/共17页第九页，共17页。 14.Each man had， to begin with， the great virtue of utter （完全的）tenacity （不屈不挠） and fidelity （忠实）.Grant fought his way down the Mississippi Valley in spite of acute personal discouragement （泄气）and profound military handicaps. Lee hung on in the trenches （战壕(zhnho)） at Petersburg after hope itself had died. In each man there was an indomitable qualitythe born fighters refusal （拒绝） to give up as long as he can still remain on his feet and lift his two fists. 15.Daring and resourcefulness （足智多谋） they had， too； the ability to think faster and move faster than the enemy， these were the qualities which gave Lee the dazzling campaigns of Second Manassas and Chancellorsville and won Vicksburg for Grant. 16. Lastly， and perhaps greatest of all， there was the ability， at the end， to turn quickly from war to peace once the fighting was over. 第9页/共17页第十页，共17页。Out of the way these two men behaved at Appomattox came the possibility of a peace of reconciliation （和解(hji)）。 It was a possibility a him more than the part he played in their brief meeting in the McLean house at Appomattox. Their behavior there put all succeeding generations of Americans in their debt. Two great Americans， Grant and Lee very different， yet under everything very much alike. Their encounter at Appomattox was one of the great moments of American history.第10页/共17页第十一页，共17页。come to a close 结束a great new chapter begins 一个崭新的重要篇章开始to be sure 诚然in effect 其实come into collision 发生碰撞pass into legend 成为(chngwi)传奇人物come up the hard way 经历艰难Embody nothing in particular出人头地第11页/共17页第十二页，共17页。第12页/共17页第十三页，共17页。1.When did Grand and Lee sign the surrender?2.Whats the significance of Lees surrender?3.After Lees surrender , did the Confederate government totally give up their struggle? April 9， 1865 A great chapter in American life came to a close and a great new chapter began.No. Other armies had yet to surrender， and for a few days the fugitive Confederate government would struggle desperately and vainly， trying to find some way to go on living now that its chief support was gone. 第13页/共17页第十四页，共17页。第14页/共17页第十五页，共17页。第15页/共17页第十六页，共17页。第16页/共17页第十七页，共17页。