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Topic 2How about exploring Tiananmen Square?一 重点句型.Section A 1. Id like to speak to Michael. 我想找迈克尔接 .打 时的常用语.也可以这样说：May I speak to Michael?找迈克尔接 好吗？e.g.Hello! May I speak to Helen? 你好！找海伦接 可以吗？2. Glad to receive your postcard. 很高兴收到你的明信片.这是一种简略的说法,完整的说法是：Im glad toreceive your postcard. 类似的说法有：Nice to meet you. = Im nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你.3. While you were enjoying your trip to Mount Tai, I was busy preparing for my exams.当你在享受旅游泰山之乐时,我正忙着准备考试.1） A. 这是一个由连词w h i l e 引导的时间状语从句.当一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作也同时在发生,有对比的意味,一般主从句都用现在进行时或过去进行时.e.g. I was doing my homework while mom was cooking.妈妈做饭时,我在做作业. B. 时间状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后.e.g. While mom was cooking, I was doing my homework. 妈妈做饭时,我在做作业.需要注意的是：从句在前面时,主从句之间要用逗号隔开.2） be busy doing sth.忙于做某事,后面还可接名词,即be busy with sth.忙于某事.e.g. I am busy doing my homework. = I am busy with my homework. 我忙于做作业.3） prepare fordoingsth 准备做某事；e.g. The students are preparing for the coming exams. 学生正在准备即将到来的考试.4. Im looking forward to meeting him. 我盼着与他见面.look forward to 意为期待,盼望,to 是介词,后面可加名词、代词或动名词；e.g. He is looking forward to going abroad. 他期待去国外.5. Would you help me make a plan to explore Beijing before he comes? 在他来之前,你能帮我制订一个探索的计划吗？1 Would you 比will you 语气更加客气,委婉, 类似还有：could you.?e.g. Could you come along with us ? 你要和我们一起吗？2 A. make a plan to do sth.制订计划做某事；e.g. The boy made a plan to visit around the world. 男孩制订了一个环游全世界的计划.B. make a plan for sth.为某事制订计划；e.g. I made a plan for my summer vacation. 我为我的暑假制订了一个计划.3 explore 动词, 意为考察某地区,探险,勘察；e.g. He went out to explore.他出去考察了.扩展：explorer 名词,意为探险家,探测者；e.g. She want to be an explorer when she grows up. 当她长大后,她想成为一名探险家.6. That would be very interesting. 那将会很有趣.would意为一定会；就会,是情态动词,后接动词原形,表示猜测.e.g. She would look nice with short hair. 她留短发会很好看.7. Would you help me plan a trip ? 请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗？ 1） A. Would 与you 连用表示请求或要求；wont you加强邀请的语气.但would 比will语气更加客气,委婉. e.g. Will you come this way, please? 请这边走好吗？ Wont you coming in and take a seat? 你怎么不进来找个位子坐下？B. Will you.? 和 Would you.? 在表达请求时用法完全一样,其答语也相同.只是后者更有礼貌.e.g. Will /Would youhave some more tea? 再喝点茶,好吗？Yes, please. 好的. / No, thank you. 不,谢谢.2） trip 作可数名词,意为旅行,旅程. 动词短语 plan a trip 意为制定旅行计划.8. Could/ Can you come along with us? 你和我们一起来好吗?1在表达请求别人做某事常用can/ could,could 更礼貌.肯定回答时用：can/may, 不用could.e.g. Could/ Can I ask you a question, Mr. Lee?李老师,我可以问你一个问题吗？ Yes, of course you can. 当然可以.2） come along 意为跟着来,跟随；e.g. Ray had some work to finish and decided to come along later. 雷还有些工作要做完,决定迟点儿再来.9. Shall we take him here?我们带他去那儿好吗？A. shall和 will 都用与一般将来时,但shall 只用于第一人称.e.g. I shall/ will buy a computer this Sunday. 这个礼拜天我将买一台电脑.B. Shall we/I.?表示向对方征求意见,提出建议,意为好吗？e.g.Shall we go swimming tomorrow? 我们明天去游泳好吗？10. Darren was reading a newspaper when Michael came in. 当迈克尔进来时,达伦正在看报纸.此句也可以改成：Michael came in when/while Darren was reading a newspaper.while引导的时间状语从句,用于表达持续性的动词或状态,不能与表示短暂性动词连用,但when两者皆可以.11. Diana and Lily should work out the cost carefully for the holiday. 戴安娜和莉莉为假期应该仔细计算费用.work out 算出,解决,计算出,找出的答案；e.g. Can you work out the problem?你能解决这个问题吗？Section B1. It covers 440000 square meters. 它占地面积为44万平方米.1cover 动词,有多层含义：a掩饰,遮盖；e.g.She covered her face with her hands.她双手掩面. b覆盖；e.g.Snow covered the ground.大雪覆盖了大地. c占一片面积；e.g.Our school covers about 1000 square meters.我们学校占地大约一千平方米.2square meter 平方米；2. Its 880 meters long from north to south and 500 meters wide from east to west.它南北长880米,东西宽500米.1880 meters long 880米长；类似结构有： 10 meter high/wide/deep 10米高/宽/深；基数词+长度单位+long/wide/high/deep 意为：多少米长/宽/高/深；e.g.The desk is about 1.2 meters long. 这张课桌大约有1.2米长.试比较以下两句话：The boy is 10 years old. 这个男孩10岁He is a 10-year-old boy.这是个10岁的男孩.2from . to. 从到；3. It can hold one million people. 可以容纳100万人.ahold在此处意为容纳,包含；e.g.The plane holds about 300 passengers.这架飞机可容纳大约300个乘客.bhold还可表示拿着,抓住,抱住；e.g.She was holding the baby in her arms.她抱着婴儿.chold 还可意为：举行进行；e.g.Beijing is holding the 9th International Garden Expo.正在举行第九届国际园艺博览会.4. The square must be quite meaningful to all Chinese people. 这个广场对于所有的中国人来说一定意义重大.amust在此处表示推测,意为一定是,准是,语气较肯定.e.g.The light is on. She must be at home.灯亮着,她一定在家.bmay表示推测时可能性较小.e.g. It may rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨.ccan表示推测时,多用于否定句或疑问句.e.g.That cant be MaryShes in hospital.那不可能是玛丽.她在住院.5. I cant wait to see it. 我迫不与待地想看了.cant wait to do sth.迫不与待地做某事；e.g. He couldnt wait to open the box.他迫不与待地打开盒子.6. How far is it from here to Tiananmen Square? 这里离天安门广场多远？1How far is it from A to B?多远？提问两地之间的距离.Howlong. 也指多远？但是是对时间段或长度的提问.e.g.Howlongdoesittaketogettoyourhouse?到你家需要多久？Twentyminutes.20分钟.Howfardoesis it from yourhouse to our school?我们学校离你家有多远？Three kilometers.3公里.2路程表达有两种方式：A .用长度单位表达.e.g.Its 1000 kilometers away from Shanghai. 这儿离#由1000千米.B.用时间表达.e.g.Its about twenty minutes walk from my home to my school.从我家到学校步行大约需要20分钟.7. Its about one and a half hours by bike. 骑自行车大约要一个半小时.几个半表示方法：基数词+and+ a half +n.=基数词 +n. + and +a half. one and a half hours = one hour and a half 一个半小时；e.g. It took me three and a half hours to finish the housework. = It took me three hours and a half to finish the housework. 我花了三个半小时做完家务.8. The chairman Mao Memorial Hall lies to the southeast of the Great Hall of the People while it lies to the southwest of the National Museum.毛主席纪念堂位于人民大会堂东南端,国家博物馆西南.1） A. lie在此意思位于,其动名词形式为lying,过去式为lay.e.g.Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面.B. lie还可以表示躺,平卧；e.g.There was a child lying on the ground.地上躺着一个小孩.2表示方位的介词区别：A. lie/be to the+方位词+of. 指互不接壤且不管辖的两个地区；e.g.Japan lies/is to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面.B. lie/be in the+方位词+of. 指在某一个范围之内的地区；e.g.China lies/is in the east of Asia.中国位于亚洲东部.C.lie/be on the+方位词+of. 指互相接壤但互不管辖的两个地区；e.g.North Korea is on the northeast of China.朝鲜在中国的东北面.Section C1. The parking lot was full of tour buses, cars and bicycles, so they had to look for space to park their bicycles. 停车场停满了旅游巴士、汽车和自行车,所以他们只好去找地方停他们的自行车.1be full of充满,装满,与be filled with 同义.e.g. The classroom is full of students. = The classroom is filled with students. 学生装满了整个教室.2） A. park 作名词,意为公园；e.g. There is a park near my home. 我家附近有一个公园. B. park 作动词,意为停放车辆；泊车；e.g. He found a place to park his car. 他找到一个地方停车.3） space 作不可数名词,意为 空间,太空,空白.room作不可数名词时,意为空间,与space同义.e.g. I have plenty of space to write. = I have plenty of room to write. 我有足够的空间可以进行写作.There isnt much room/space here. 这里没有什么空闲的地方了.4） look for 意为寻找,强调动作.find 意为找到强调结果.e.g.I looked for my watch here and there, but I couldnt find it. 我到处找我的手表,但是我没找到.2. Darren and Michael were surprised at Tiananmen Square. 达伦和迈克尔对天安门广场感到很惊奇.A.be surprised at. 对感到惊奇；e.g. He is surprised at dragons. 他对龙感到惊奇.B. be surprised to do. 惊奇地做；e.g. She was surprised to find she was lost. 她惊奇地发现自己迷路了.3. While the crowd was pushing Darren in all directions, someone stepped on his feet.当人群从四面八方挤来时,有人踩了达伦的脚.1push此处为挤来挤去,推推搡搡之意.e.g. People were pushing to get to the front. 人们推推搡搡,向最前面挤.2） direction名词,意为方向,方位,常和in搭配.常用词组：in all directions 四面八方；3） A. step on sth. 踏,踩某物；step on ones feet踩了某人的脚；e.g. Dont step on the flowers and grass. 不要践踏花草.B. step可以作名词,表示步伐.e.g. He walked with a quick light step. 他迈着轻快的步子走着. C. step 还可作名词,意为台阶.There are 1000 steps in this building. 这栋楼有一千级台阶.4. When Darren finally pushed his way out, he couldnt find his friends.当达伦最终挤出人群的时候,他找不到他的两个朋友了.push ones way out挤出去；e.g.WhenI finally pushed my way out, I couldnt find my parents. 当我终于从人群中挤出来时,我却找不到我的父母.5. He was too worried to think about what to do.他太着急了以至于想不出该怎么办.1too+adj. + to do sth.= not + adj. + enough + to do sth.太以至于不能做某事；e.g. The girl is too young to look after herself.=The girl isnt old enough to look after herself. 这个女孩太小了而照顾不了自己.2区别：thinkabout,thinkof,thinkoverA . thinkabout指考虑,回想,想起；e.g.Heisthinkingabouttravelinginthesummerholidays.他正在考虑暑假旅游的事.Shewasthinkingaboutherchildhooddays.她正回想她的童年时期.B. thinkof指考虑,计与,记忆,记起；e.g.Youthinkofeverything!你全都提到了.Icantthinkofhisnameatthemoment.我一时想不起他的名字.C. thinksth.over指仔细想,审慎思考,作进一步考虑；e.g.PleasethinkoverwhatIsaid.请仔细考虑我说的话.Iwanttothinkitover.我想仔细考虑一下这件事.6. His heart was beating fast. 他的心跳得很快.7. He didnt raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字,他才抬起头. notuntil意为直到才；until后接表示时间的短语或从句,主句中的谓语动词必须是非持续性动词.当until 用于肯定句中时,意为直到为止,此时主句中的谓语动词应用持续性动词.e.g. We didnt leave the park until the rain stopped.我们直到雨停了才离开公园.We waited in the park until the rain stopped.我们在公园一直等到雨停.8. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily. 三个男孩一见面,就高兴得跳了起来. as soon as.A.意为一就,引导表示时间的状语从句.e.g.Please call me as soon as you get there.你一到那儿就给我打 .B.意为尽快.e.g.Ill finish it as soon as possible.我将尽快完成.9. Darren was lost but, at last, Kangkang and Michael found him. 达伦迷路了,但最终康康和迈克尔找到他.at last 意为终于,最终,也可用finally或in the end.e.g.At last, I finished all my tasks. 最终我完成了所有的任务.10. While they were enjoying exploring, the crowd of people became larger and larger. 当他们兴致勃勃地考察时,人群更加的拥挤了.1） enjoy + doing 喜欢做某事,享受做某事；e.g. I enjoy running in my spare time. 在我闲暇时间,我喜欢跑步.become larger and larger 变得越来越多,变得越来越大；e.g. The Population of the world becomes larger and larger. 世界人口越来越多.11. Id like to tell you about my travel experiences. 我想告诉你关于我的一些旅行经历.experience n. 有多层含义. A. 作可数名词,意为一次经历,体验.an exciting/unusual/wonderful experience 一次令人激动的/不寻常的/愉快的经历；e.g.Moving had become a common experience for me.搬家对我而言已经成了常事.B. 作不可数名词,意为经验.e.g. She is a great teacher with over 10 years teaching experience. 她是一个有着十多年教学经验的优秀老师.12. Its famous for its beautiful mountains, forests and lakes. 它以美丽的山川、森林和湖泊而出名.be famous for 因而出名；be famous as 作为身份而出名；e.g. Huangbo is famous as an actor. He is famous for his movie Crazy Stone.13. We had a two-day trip and took a lot of photos.我们有两天的旅程,照了好多照片.a two-day trip意为 一次两天的旅行；中间的two-day为复合形容词,后不能加s.14. They were very cute and we couldnt help watching them.它们太可爱了,我们都忍不住观看起它们来.cant help doing sth 禁不住/忍不住做某事；e.g.She cant help crying when she hears the news. 当听到这个消息时,她情不自禁地哭了.Section D1. After we checked our bikes and bags, we rode to Tiananmen Square. 检查了自行车和包后,我们骑车去了天安门广场.check意为察看,调查,核实.e.g. Lets check the answers together. 让我们一起来核对答案.2. While we were having fun exploring, I found that Darren was lost.当我们兴致勃勃地考察时,我发现达伦不见了.have fun exploring 意为从考察中获得乐趣.have fun doing sth.从某事中获得乐趣；e.g. He has fun playing soccer. 他从踢球中获得乐趣.3. We even asked a policeman for help. 我们甚至还请警察帮忙.ask sb. for help 向某人求助；e.g. The old woman asked the police for help. 这位老大娘向警察寻求帮助.二重点词组.1. be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；2. prepare for为做准备；3. on vacation度假；4. look forward to + doing sth.期待做某事；5. make a plan to do sth.制订计划做某事；6. receive a postcard 收到一张明信片；7. plan a trip制定一个旅行计划；8. come along 跟着来,跟随；9. work out 算出,解决,计算出,找出的答案；10. go to the seaside去海边；11. camp in the forest在森林宿营；12. in the center of.在中心；13. square meter 平方米；14. from . to. 从到；15. in the north of.在北侧；16. cant wait to do sth.迫不与待地做某事；17. by the way顺便问一下；18. How far.多远？提问两地之间的距离.19. Howlong. 多远？对时间段或长度的提问.20. 基数词+and+ a half +n.=基数词 +n. + and +a half. 几个半；21. one and a half hours = one hours and a half 一个半小时；22. in the +方位名词 + of 某一范围之内的地；to the +方位名词 + of 互不接壤并互不管辖的两个地；on the +方位名词 + of 相互接壤但互不管辖的两个地区；23. a parking lot一个停车场；24. be full of = be filled with充满,装满；25. look for寻找；26. be surprised at. 对感到惊奇；27. be surprised to do. 惊奇地做；28. in all directions 四面八方；29. step on sth. 踏,踩某物；step on sb.s feet踩了某人的脚；30. push ones way out挤出去；31. too+adj. + to do sth.太以至于不能做某事；32. notuntil直到才；33. raise ones head 抬头；34. as soon as.一就；35. an hours ride骑一个小时车；36. at last = finally = in the end 终于,最终；37. be famous for 因而出名；38. cant help doing sth 禁不住/忍不住做某事；39. have a wonderful vacation 度过了一个愉快的假期；40. have fun doing sth.从某事中获得乐趣；41. ask sb. for help 向某人求助；42. Thank goodness.谢天谢地！43. run after追赶； 三重点语法.时间状语从句1. 在时间状语从句中,要注意时态一致. A. 当主句为一般过去时时,从句常用过去的某种时态. While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang. B. 当主句的时态为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时. I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 2. 引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,while,as,before,after,since,till,until等.1表示同时性,即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生.其连接词有：when当的时候,while当的时候,as当的时候,as soon as一就,once一旦就等.e.g. Mary cut her finger when she was making a kite. 玛丽在做风筝时,割伤了手指. Ill ring you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到就给你打 . Once you see her, youll never forget her. 一旦见过她,你就不会忘记她. Work while you work. Play while you play. 该工作时工作,该玩玩时玩.（2） 表示先后,即主句的谓语动作发生在从句前或后.主要的连词有：after在之后,before在之前,when=after在之后等.e.g.After we heard the news, we were all excited.当我们听到这个消息后,我们都很兴奋.He had learned English for three years before he went to London.他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语.（3） 表示持续性或瞬间性.主要连词有：since自从,every since自从,until直到才/为止,till直到才/为止等.e.g. Its just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这儿刚一个礼拜. Ten years has passed since we left our school.我们已经毕业十年了. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 直到车停了才能下车. He waited for his father till it was twelve oclock. 他等他父亲一直到12点.P.S.：A. until 用于肯定句中,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止.一般意为直到为止.这种用法中,主句的谓语动词必须是持续性动词非瞬间动词.如：live,wait,last,love,like,stay,continue等.B. until 用于否定句中,表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生,或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后开始.此句型为not.until.意为直到才,此时,主句的谓语动词可以是非持续性动词.8 / 8
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