毕业论文（设计）在药物化学实验教学中培养创新人才初探32688

专业好文档东北三省高校实验室工作研究会第十届协作会交流论文在药物化学实验教学中培养创新人才初探孙铁民, 罗向红沈阳药科大学，110016摘 要:为适应21世纪药学教育的目标，培养创新性人才，在药物化学实验教学中，开设开放性、培养创新性的综合性试验，使学生的创新和理论联系实际的能力得以提高，达到其培养目标。关键词:药物化学；-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂；创新性面向21世纪，高等教育的目标,就是要培养基础知识扎实、知识面宽、工作能力强、素质高、全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。要实现此目标,必须改革单纯重视知识传授的教育观念,加强素质教育和创新能力的培养。当代的国际竞争，说到底是创新人才的竞争。创新是一个民族进步的灵魂，是国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。一个没有创新人才的民族，就难以屹立于世界民族之林。江泽民同志在为美国科学杂志撰写的社论中指出，中国将致力于建设国家创新体系、推进知识创新、技术创新、体制创新，提高全社会创新意识和国家创新能力，这是中国实现跨世纪发展的必由之路。高等学校是培养创新人才的基地和摇篮，肩负着重要的历史使命，必须全方位更新观念，把培养大学生的创新能力，作为教育改革的核心。现代教育理论认为,实验教学对学生认知和发展具有重要的促进功能,在培养学生认知结构转化方面具有独到的作用。实验教学不仅是为学生学习理论提供感性材料,为理解疑难概念铺设台阶,而且是整个学习的一部分,与理论教育密不可分。经验已经证明,实验教学与科学研究相结合是培养创新人才的重要途径。药物化学为药物研究中的龙头学科，肩负着创新药物的研究任务。药学研究以实验为主，更需要培养具有高素质、严谨求实的科学作风,锲而不舍、富有创新的精神和能力的专门人才。因此，改革实验教学，增加培养创新性的实验课程，是我们当前教学改革深入进行的一个重要内容。以往的实验教学基本上为验证性实验，学生照单抓药、无主动性、难以激发学生的求知欲望和创新意识，更谈不上创新思维和能力的培养，使实验课对于某些学生来说就是走过场。我们在药物化学实验教学中，将验证性实验为主的内容减少，增加了具有扩大知识面的、综合性、设计性与创造性实验。在70学时药物化学实验中（药学理科基地教学班），我们将其分成两个部分，30学时为一般综合性实验，在教学中我们充分利用这段时间，着重进行基本技能、基本知识、基本方法的训练。40学时为自主设计性综合实验，逐步向开放性创新性实验教学过渡。我们为学生设计了-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂的设计与研究的综合实验。在课堂教学中我们着重讲述-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂的基本结构、研发进展、设计思想和构效关系，使学生对此方面的知识有了较深刻的理解。然后我们在实验进行前2个月将实验任务布置给学生，让学生根据已掌握的有关-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂的知识，自己设计出-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂并设计出试验方案。这种实验教学方式使学生有充分的时间和精力进行此项工作，使其主动性大大增强，使得课堂教学和前期的一般性综合实验教学更受学生的重视，教学效果得到明显的提高。为避免实验内容雷同，我们规定同一个实验内容只能23人完成，2个月后学生将其实验设计交教师审核，并交由实验室进行实验设备和药品的准备。这极大激发了学生的创新精神，在全班30人的设计方案中，有近20个试验方案，部分为已有的-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂的研究，有相当部分的学生方案富有创新性，有一个同学的设计为在芳香核上进入两个-氨基乙醇侧链，其设计思想为两个-氨基乙醇侧链可以阻断更多-肾上腺素受体。即使是研究已有的-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂，在其实验方案中，也不乏工艺设计的创新之作。在实验阶段，我们配备具有丰富实践经验的教授和副教授为指导教师，每天近1516小时的全天候指导。学生的学习热情也极大的鼓舞了教师，使师生关系得到加强。变得更融洽。在实验中也加强学生理论联系实际的能力，一名学生在实验中，发现实验现象异常，教师并没有直接告诉接军的方法，而是书学生去图书馆查资料，学生“飞速”去，“飞速”回，并成功解决实际了问题。在20个方案中，有15个付诸实施，有14人按其设计完成达到预期目标。跨学科设计实验教学内容，使学生受到完整的科学研究方法的初步训练，是我们药物化学实验改革的又一项重要内容。学生在药物化学实验中，自主设计自主动手合成出来的肾上腺素受体拮抗剂，在药理学实验中进行生物活性的研究，在药物分析实验中进行质量标准建立的实验。这种各学科交叉渗透、相互融合的实验教学内容的模式必定会大大提高学生创新意识、创新思维和创新能力人才的成长发挥出突出的工作。通过此项改革使学生将理论知识与科学实践有机结合,获得解决实际问题的能力,启迪学生探索创新精神,发挥综合潜在能力。通过药物化学实验课程的改革实践，我们深刻的体会到，在创新教育有利于学生综合素质提高,适合21世纪和知识经济时代对人才培养的要求。21世纪的实验教学应富有趣味性、科学性、实用性和挑战性。让学生在实验中充分发挥他们的想象力与创造力。坚持推进教育创新，深化教育改革、合理配置教育资源，提高教育质量和管理水平，全面推进素质教育，才能造就数以亿计的高素质劳动者、数以千万计的专门人才和一大批拔尖创新人才，才能完成21世纪全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。Discuss the training innovative men in the teaching of medicinal chemistry experimentation Sun tiemin ,Luo xianghong 作者简介：孙铁民，男，1958年10月生，博士，教授，沈阳药科大学制药工程学院药物化学教研室主任此文在东北三省高校实验室工作研究会第十届协作会大会交流并发表在实验室科学2004年第1期：44-45.Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.