非谓语动词口诀

非谓语动词口诀（速记重点）非谓语动词包括动词不定式，动词的过去分词和动词的-ing形式三种。这是高 考中的热点，其考查量多、面广，几乎是必考的一个知识点。近六年高考复现 率达百分之百。纵观试题，其考查重点为动词非谓语形式的作用及功能相同的非谓语动词之间的区别。学生对此知识也知之半解”深感头疼。请看下面的方法，将有助于记住不定式及动名词。1、动词的不定式 不定式有标记， 没有人称数变化, 主宾定状表补语, not加上不定式, 疑问词与不定式, 仔细推敲多思考,to与动词连一起。 动词特点它具备。 唯独作谓不可以。 否定结构要牢记。 构成短语有意义。 准确判断有依据。解析： “to动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。 它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不 定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。 它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾 语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。 “not+动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住 规律。 疑问代词 what, who, whom, which 和疑问副词 where, when, why , how 力卩 上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。 通过以上分析，只要仔细研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就能作出准确的判断。2、动名词:哪些动词后面只能接动名词，下面的顺口溜有助于记忆喜欢、考虑不可免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid) 停止，放弃太冒险(stop, give up , risk) 反对想象莫推延( mine, imagine, delay, put off)要求完成是期望(require, finish, look forward to.)建议继续勤 *练(suggest, go on, practise)不禁原谅要坚持(can t help, excuse , insist on继续注意使成功(keep on, mind, succeed in)1. Every one in our class was work ing hard and doing what we couldagood college.A. en terB. to en terC. en teri ngD. en tered【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could就断定此处应填动词原形en ter。【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在could后省略了动词do, 若把句子补完整应为 Every one in our class was worki ng hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语 (to enter a good college)是 用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could) 起构成谓语。请再看类似例句： They did what they could to comfort her.他们尽量安慰她。(2) They did everythi ng they could to save her life.他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学 习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：(4) He ran as fast as he couldto catch the early bus.A. to hopeB. hopeC. hop in gD. hoped此题的答案是 C不是A，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。(5) He spe nt every minute he couldspoke n En glish.A. practiseB. to practiseC. practis in gD. practised此题答案选C,这与前面动词spent的搭配有关，即spend . (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoke n En glish.(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he couldhis oral En glish.A. improveB. to improveC. improvi ngD. to improvi ng此题答案选D，注意两点：一是devote . to .是固定搭配，意为把贡献给.;二是其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。2. He knows nothing about it, so he cant helpany of your work.A. doin gB. to doC. being doin gD. to be done【陷阱】容易误选A，根据cant help doing sth这一结构推出。【分析】其实答案应选B。比较以下结构：ca nt help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事cant help doi ng sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题，答案也是B:She cant helpthe house because shes busy making a cake.A clea nin gB. to clea nC. clea nedD. being clea ned再请看以下试题：While shopp ing, people sometimes cant helpinto buying somethi ngthey dont really n eed.A. to persuadeB. persuad ingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded3. All her timeexperiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to do B. devoted to doingC. devot ing to doing D. is devoted to doing【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：(1) devote意为致力于，献身于，主要用 devote.to或be devoted to, 其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。(2) 选A错误：若将do改为doing则可以。(3) 选 B 正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments 为独立主格结构， 用作状语。(4) 选C错误：因为all her time 与devote为被动关系，故应将 devoting 改为 devoted。(5) 选 D 错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此 句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选D，或将D将中的is改 为being也可选它。请做以下类似题(答案均选 A)：(1) All the preparati ons for the project, were ready to start.A. completed B. have bee n completedC. had bee n completed D. bee n completed(2) Suchthe case, I could nt help buthim.A. being, support B. was, supportC. has bee n, support ing D. is, to support比较以下各题，答案选B,因为句中使用了并列连词an d:(1) All the preparati ons for the project, and were ready to start.A. completed B. have bee n completedC. had bee n completed D. bee n completed(2) Suchthe case, I could nt help buthim.A. being, support B. was, supportC. has bee n, support ing D. is, to support4. The purpose of new tech no logies is to make life easier,it moredifficult.A. not make B. not to makeC. not making D. do not make【陷阱】容易误选C,受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用 法。【分析】其实答案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词 and或but, not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式 to make life easier的补充说明。此句的意 思是新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose的内容。请做以下类似试题(答案选B)：The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers butwork foryoung people.A. provide B. to provideC. providi ng D. provided5. The murderer was brought in, with his handsbehi nd his back.A. to be tied B. being tiedC. tied D. having tied【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最佳答案为C。从意义上看，ha nds与tie的关系应属被动关系， 故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中，选项A比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将 来意义，在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较：B为现在分词的被动式，它表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表进行，也就是说his hands being tied的实际意思是他的手正在被捆住，这显然与语境不符。而 C为过去分词，它也表 示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的withhis hands tied behind his back可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳 答案为C。请看下面一题：Anyonetrying to take kni ves on heard flights would be caught bythe police.A. finds B. foundC. being found D. will find答案选B而不选C，其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。比较下面两题，最佳答案是 D不是A，现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行：(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a caseA. argued B. to be arguedC. to be argu ing D. being argued(2) The sile nee of the library was sometimes broke n by an occasi onal coughor by the sound of pages.A. turned B. having turnedC. to be tur ned D. being tur ned6. Remind methe medici ne tomorrow.A. of tak ing B. tak ingC. to take D. take【陷阱】容易误选 A。受remi nd sb of (doi ng) sth这一常用结构的影响。【分析】最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构：rem ind sb of about sth = 使某人想起某事remi nd sb of doi ng sth = 提醒某人做过某事(暗示动作已发生)remi nd sb to do sth =提醒某人去做某事（暗示动作尚未发生）请看两个例句:I remin ded him of his promise. 我提醒他做过的诺言。My wife remi nded me of see ing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。Can you remi nd me to pho ne her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我给她打电 话？7. Once your bus in ess becomes intern ati on al,con sta ntly will be partof your life.A. you fly B. your flightC. flight D. flyi ng【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了 constantly这一副词，这就说明 不能选B或C,因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词constantly的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词fly。但若选A，you fly是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语will be相冲突，所以只能选 D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。8. Not only should you get usedun der difficult con diti ons but youalso you pay more atte nti onyour work well.A. to work, to do B. to worki ng, to doingC. to work, to doing D. to working, to do【陷阱】容易误选A，认为两个空白处均应填不定式。【分析】正确答案为B，因为get used to与pay attention to这两个结构中 的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。 类似地，以下各结构中的to也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动 名词，而不是动词原形：look forward to doing sth盼望做某事be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事object to doing sth 反对做某事stick to doing sth 坚持做某事get down to doing sth 开始做某事take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事admit to doing 承认做了某事pay atte nti on to doing sth 注意做某事devote ones time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事be equal to doing sth等于做某事，能胜任做某事What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样9. Both of my parents insisteda computer for me, but I dont thinkit is n ecessary.A. to buy B. buyingC. on buying D. in buying【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为insist后不能接不定式，但可以接动名词。【分析】答案应选C。其实，动词insist后既不能接不定式也不能接动名 词，因为insist通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词on或upon，即用于insist on upon (doing) sth ;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词， 不过其宾语通常只能是that从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如：He in sisted on see ing her home.他坚持送她回家。I in sisted that he (should) stay.我坚持要他留下。10. Do you have any thi ng more, sir? No. You can have a rest ordo someth ing else.A. typing B. to be typedC. typed D. to type【陷阱】容易误选D，根据have sth to do这一常用结构推出。【分析】最佳答案是B。确实，在have+宾语+不定式结构中，用作定语 的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的some clothes与其后的不定式to wash具有被动关系，但却习惯上用 主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如 I have some clothes to wash中的to wash就是由该句主语 I来 完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的to type这一动作不是由句子主 语you来完成的，而是由说话者我来完成的。比较：Are you going to Sha nghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要 去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？Im going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me.下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。11. She took her son, ran out of the house,him in the car and drovequickly to the n earest doctors office.A. put B. to putC. putt ing D. hav ing put【陷阱】容易误选B或C,误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。【分析】正确答案选A。句中的took, ran, put, drove为四并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。类似地如（答案选A）:I got out of the taxi,the fare and dashed into the stati on.A. paid B. pay ingC. to pay D. hav ing paid但是，下面一题稍有不同：Heari ng the n ews, he rushed out,the bookon the table anddisappeared into the dista nee.A. left; la in ope n B. leav in g; l ying ope nC. leav in g; lie ope ned D. left; lay ope ned此题答案选B，leaving在此表结果，lying open与其前的动词leave有关, leave后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。12. The boss in sisted that every mi nutemade full use ofthework well.A. be, to do B. was, doingC. be, doing D. was, to do【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】其实正确答案是 A。分析如下：第一空填be,是因为insisted后接that从句，从句谓语要用should+ 动词原形这样的虚拟语气，其中的should也可省略。第二空要填to do，是因为此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主 动语态，贝U是 .should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中 涉及 make use of . to do sth （利用做某事）这一结构。另外，还有make themost of （尽量利用），make the best of （尽量利用）等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子：（1）The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made useofthe power stati on.A. to build B. build ingC. build D. built此题答案选A，不是B。为便于理解，可先考虑以下结构：.make use of every part of the materials to build the power stati on由此可见，make use of 的宾语是 every part of the materials，其后的不定 式 to build the power station 为目的状语。（2）Does the way you thought ofthe water clea n make any sen se?A. mak ing B. to makeC. how to make D. hav ing made此题答案选B，不是A。句子主语是the way，you thought of是修饰主语 的定语从句，不定式 to make the water clean 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说， 句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。13. The man agers discussed the pla n that they would like to seethen ext year.A. carried out B. carry ing outC. carry out D. to carry out【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】答案选A。此句结构较复杂，现分析如下：(1) that they would like to seethe next year 是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句。(2) 由于the plan与空格处的carry out有被动关系，故填过去分词 carried out。请做以下类似试题：(1) Who do you thi nk youd likewith you, a boy or a girl?A. to have go B. to have to goC. to have gone D. hav ing to go在确定答案之前，我们先来看看下面这个句子：I thi nk rd like to have a boy go with me.句中的go要用原形，这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中，假若对名词a boy提问，便可得出：Who do you think youd like to have go with you?对照上面一题，答案很显然是 A。(2) Who did the bosshis car this time?A. make wash B. make to washC. make washi ng D. maki ng to wash在做此题之前，也请先看看下面这个句子：The boss made Jack wash his car this time.假若对句中的名词Jack提问，便可得出：Who did the boss make wash his car this time?由此可知上面题答案为A(3) You can n ever imag ine what great difficulty I hadyour house allby myself.A. found B. findingC. to find D. for finding此题答案选 B。考查的基本结构是 have great difficulty (in) doing sth 。14. How happy we are! The holiday we have bee n look ing forwardat last.A. to has come B. to have comeC. to hav ing come D. has come【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】其实正确答案是A。大家知道，短语look forward to意为盼望 其中的to是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词要用动名词，许多同学据 此便选择了 C。但问题是，句中介词to的宾语不是have come，而是the holiday 正解的句子分析是：the holiday 为句子主语，we have been looking forward to 是 修饰主语的定语从句(介词to的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，被省略)，has come是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题：(1) The man you referred tojust now.A. comes B. comeC. coming D. came答案选D，句子主语为the man， you referred to 为修饰the man的定语 从句，空白处填came，为句子谓语。(2) The theory he sticks toto be of no use in our studies.A. proves B. proveC. proving D. be proved答案选A，he sticks to是修饰主语the theory的定语从句，句子的基本结 构为 The theory proves to be of no use in our studies.(3) The work he devoted his time toworth praisi ng.A. was B. beC. being D. bee n答案选A, he devoted his time to是修饰主语 the work的定语从句。句子 的基本结构为 The work was worth praisi ng.(4) I think this is the very work that we must finishher.A. to help B. helpC. help ing D. helped答案是A。句中空格处填的动词help并不是finish的宾语，正确的句子 分析是：that I must finish 是修饰名词the very work 的定语从句，finish的宾 语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，其后的不定式to help her是目的状语。(5) Which do you enjoyyour weeke nd, swimmi ng or fish ing?A. spe nding B. being spe ntC. spend D. to spend答案选Do enjoy的宾语是句首的疑问词 which，不是其后的动词spending。此题中的to spend.用作目的状语。(5) What the boy enjoysto have a room of his own.A. being B. to beC. is D. are答案选C,而不选A。what the boy enjoys是主语从句，空格处填的is为 谓语动词。(6) Noth ing that he suggestedto be of any use.A. prove B. proved C. proving D. to prove答案选B，而不选 C。句子主语是 nothing，that he suggested是修饰主语 的定语从句，suggested的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，而不是其后 的动词；句子谓语是 proved。全句意为他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。(7) The old house we paid a visitat the top of the hill.A. sta nding B. to sta ndC. to sta nding D. to sta nds答案选D。we paid a visit to 是修饰the old house的定语从句，句中的 stands为主句谓语。(8) The life he is now usedquite differe nt from ours.A. is B. to beC. to being D. to is答案选D。句中he is now used to是修饰the life的定语从句，to后的动 词is是句子的谓语，句意为他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同(9) The work he paid special atte ntio nto no thi ng.A. came B. to comeC. to coming D. to came答案选D。句中的he paid special attention to 是修饰the work的定语从 句, to后的动词came是句子的谓语，句意为他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了 (10) The result what he said would leadhis regret in the future.A. is B. to beC. to being D. to was答案选D。句中what he said would lead to 是修饰the result的定语从句, to后的动词was是句子的谓语，句意为他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的 后悔。15. the road round to the right and youll find his house.A. Follow B. Followi ngC. To follow D. Followed【陷阱】容易误选B或C,误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。【分析】正确答案选 A。根据句中的连词and可推知它是一个并列句。假 若将此题改为下面这样，则答案为B:the road round to the right, youll find his house.A. Follow B. Followi ngC. To follow D. Followed但是，若改成下面一题这样，则答案为C(不定式短语表目的)：the road round to the right, the bli nd man asked a boy to guide him.A. Follow B. Followi ngC. To follow D. Followed请做以下试题，答案均选 A，都是因为句中的并列连词 and (填空句为祈 使句):(1) to the top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.A. Get B. To getC. Getti ng D. Havi ng got(2) the milk and set a good example to the other children.A. Drink B. To drinkC. Drinking D. Having drinking(3) me, and the n try to copy what I do.A. Watch B. Watchi ngC. To watch D. Have watch ing(4) through this book and tell me what you thi nk of it.A. Look B. Look ingC. To look D. Having looked(5) it with me and ril see what I can do.A. Leave B. Leav ingC. If you leave D. When left有时不用连词连接句子，而用破折号，情况也是一样(答案均选A)。如：(6) dow n the radio - the babys asleep in the n ext room.A. Turn B. Turni ngC. to turn D. To have turned(7) some of this juice - perhaps you will like it.A. Try B. Tryi ngC. To try D. To have tried以下各题也应选A，是因为句中的从属连词when, before, until等(填空句为祈使句)：(8) him eno ugh time to get home before you telepho ne.A. Give B. To giveC. Givi ng D. Give n(9) left whe n you get to the end of the street.A. Keep B. Keep ingC. To keep D. Kept(10) your hand over your mouth whe n you cough.A. Put B. Putt ingC. To put D. To be putt ing(11) un til the lights have turned to gree n.A. Wait B. To waitC. Waiting D. Having waited(12) the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before fin ally sew ing themtogether.A. Joi n B. To joinC. Joining D. Joined以下各题也应选A，因为填空句为祈使句：(13) I dont want to liste n a long story - justme the result.A. tell B. telli ngC. to tell D. to be telli ng(14) Why sta nd there watchi ng -and help us!A. come B. comingC. to come D. to be coming(15) Dont waste your money on silly things -it.A. save B. to saveC. sav ing D. hav ing saved(16) Firstthe rice by wash ing it, the nit in boili ng water.A. prepare, cook B. prepari ng, cook ingC. prepari ng, cook D. prepare, cook ing(17) To test eggs,them in a bowl of water: if they float theyre bad, ifthey sink theyre good.A. put B. putt ingC. to put D. to be putt ing但是请注意，类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同，所填部分为目的状语(用不定式，即答案选B)：(18) French well, she went to France to live with his cous ins.A. Study B. To studyC. Study ing D. Having studied(19) late in the morning, Mr. Smith tur ned off the alarm.A. Sleep B. To sleepC. Sleep ing D. Having slept(20) the flies out, we had to shut all the doors and win dows.A. Keep B. To keepC. Keep ing D. Having kept(21) their service, the workers of the hotel are active in lear ningEn glish.A. Improvi ng B. To improveC. Improve D. Having improved