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第二章第二章 词词 类类第六节第六节 介词和连词介词和连词 知识梳理知识梳理一、介词的概念介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独充当句子成分。介词后面一般会接上名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作为它的宾语。二、介词的分类及用法(一)表示位置的介词 1. at， in， on， to 2. above， over， on3. under， below 4. near， beside， next to， by 5. in front of， behind 6. on the left， on the right， in the middle， between(and)， among (二)表示时间的介词 1. in， on，at2. in， after 3. before， after (三)表示位移方向的介词(四)表示其他意义的介词1. by表示“用方法、手段”，或表示“用某种交通工具”。如：He makes a living by selling newspapers. My father goes to the USA by plane. 2. with表示“用工具、手段”，一般接具体的工具或手段。如：He broke the window with a stone. We can see with our eyes and smell with our noses. 3. in表示“用方式；用语言、语调；穿着”等。如：Please say it in English. Mary is in red today. 4. for(1) 表示“给”。如：This present is for you. (2) 表示“为了”。如：Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo. (3) 表示“作为”。如：We have some chips and hamburgers for lunch.5. to(1)表示“到”。如：Take your sport shoes to the PE class. (2)表示“致”。如：Happy birthday to you！6. from表示“来自”。如：Im from China. I come from China. 7. fromto 指“从到”。如：Line up from shorter to taller. 从矮到高排队。 We have classes from Monday to Friday. 8. of 表示“的”。如：This is a map of China. 三、介词短语介词短语指的是某一个介词固定与另外一个词搭配，表达某一个固定的意思。以下为小学阶段学过的介词短语汇总： 1. 动词介词 agree with同意 ask for要求 belong to属于 get on上车 get off下车 get to到达 hold on等一等 listen to听 look at看 look after照顾 look for寻找 look up查找 look like看上去像 put on穿上 put off 推迟 wait for等待 want to想要 put away收拾 worry about为担忧 2. 形容词介词afraid of害怕 angry with生气 close to接近于 famous for因出名full of充满 good at擅长于 proud of自豪 short of缺乏late for迟到 sorry for对抱歉 interested in对感兴趣different from与不同 3. 介词其他词after school放学后 at first首先 at last最后 at least至少 in English用英语 by oneself独自 by the way顺便问一下 for example例如 in time及时 on time准时；按时 on holiday在度假 from now on从现在开始 fromto 从到四、连词的概念连词是用来连接词、短语和句子的虚词，表示它们之间的关系，不能单独使用。五、常见连词及其用法1. and表示“和”。如：I like cabbages and carrots.2. bothand 表示“和(两者)都”。如：Both you and I are in Class Six this year.3. not onlybut also 表示“不仅而且”。如：Mike is not only good at basketball but also good at football. 4. or表示“或者；是还是”。常用连接疑问句或否定句中的并列成分。如：Would you like milk or tea？ I dont have a sister or a brother. 5. eitheror 表示“或者或者”。如：Put it either in the desk or in the schoolbag.6. but表示“但是”。如：I try my best, but I cant do it well.7. because表示“因为”。如：I like beef, because it is delicious.8. for表示“因为(语气比because弱)”。如：Youd better put on your sweater, for its cold outside. 9. so表示“所以”。如：My mother worked last night, so I went shopping by myself.【注】在英语中，because和so的用法与中文中的“因为所以”结构不同，它们不能同时出现在一个句子中，即如果句子中用了because，就不能再用so；反之，如果用了so，前面就不能用because。10. since表示“从开始”。如：I have played the piano since I was five years old.11. until/till表示“直到；直到才(not until结构)”。如：I wont go to bed until my mother comes back.12. if表示“如果”。如：If you can do it, so can I. If you go by car, by bike or on foot, you must know the traffic rules. 考点精析考点精析考点考点 考查介词、连词在句子中的正确运用考查介词、连词在句子中的正确运用【例1】用适当的介词填空。1. The book is made wood. 2. The table is made wood. 3. The fan is made China. 4. The model plane is made Tom. 解析：本题考查介词的运用。be made 后面接上不同的介词，所表达的意思不同。 be made of 和be made from 都是指“由什么制成”，但是be made of指从制成品可以直接清楚地看出原材料是什么；be made from指从制成品看不出原材料是什么；be made in指“在哪里制造”；be made by指“由谁制造”。答案： 1. from2. of3. in4.by【例2】单项填空。 ( )1.Birds can fly in the sky they cant swim in the water. A. and B. but C. or ( )2.He has four pens.he doesnt use them. A. But B. And C. Or ( )3.Hurry up, youll be late for school. A. and B. or C. so解析：第1题考查连词的运用。分析句意，横线前后两句的意思有转折的意味，因此只能用连词 but。第2题but（但是）表示转折关系；and（和）表示并列关系；or （或者）表示选择关系。根据句意“他有四支钢笔，但是他从来都不用”可知表转折，因此正确答案是A。第3题根据句意“快点，否则你就迟到了”，只有or 才有“否则；要不然”的意思。因此正确答案是 B。 答案： 1.B 2.A 3.B举一反三 1. 用适当的介词填空。 (1)What are you looking ？ (2)The girl always looks the dog. (3)Look the blackboard. (4)You can look the dictionary and youll know the meaning of it. (5)Look you leap(跳). forafteratupbefore 2. 用适当的连词填空。 (1)I like music art. (2)The shirt is nice， its too expensive for me. (3)I dont like winter its so cold. (4) you and your sister can go hiking with us. (5) you want to get good grades， you should study hard. andbutbecauseBothIf过关检测过关检测1. There is a picture _ the wall. 2. There are two shelves _ the picture. 3. There are many books _ the shelf. 4. A boy and a girl are _ the table. 5. The box is _ the boy. 一、根据图片内容，在下列句子中的横线上填上适当的介词。onbeside/nearonatbehind二、在下列横线上填上适当的介词。1. _ autumn 2. _ the middle 3. _ subway4. _ train 5. _ Monday 6. interested _7. _ Chinese 8. listen _ 9. do well _10. be good _ 11. play _ us 12. help him _ English 13. wait _14. _ July 15. live _ Hainan16. a cup _ tea 17. _ time18. put _ your coat 19. agree _20. _ the gate _ the schoolininbybyoninintoinatwithwithforininofon/inonwithatof三、单项填空。 ( )1. Cloud is _ vapour(水蒸气). A. from B. in C. on ( )2. There is a river _ the two villages. A. in B. between C. in the middle ( )3. Its time _ go to school. A. to B. for C. up ( )4. Look _ the boy. Hes playing _ his pet cat. A. in; of B. on; to C. at; with ( )5. Can you count _ one _ one thousand? A. from; to B. from; in C. in; of ( )6. Whos the girl _ a small mouth? A. in B. with C. forABACAB ( )7. I study English hard,_ English is very important. A. so B. because C. until ( )8. Use your head, _you will find a way. A. and B. or C. but ( )9. Because he is the shortest one in his class, _ he sits in the front of the classroom. A. so B. but C. / ( )10. I have stayed in Guangdong _ I was ten. A. then B. since C. but四、用适当的介词或连词填空。 1. Sarah is _ the USA. 2. Look!The cat is _ (在下面)the desk 3. I cant leave my house _（直到）my mother comes back. BACBfromunderuntil 4. Is she looking _ her English book? 5. Amys birthday is _ September 14th. 6. Our teacher is strict _ me. 7.This Tshirt is different _ that one. 8. Chen Jie sits _ the middle _ the living room. 9. Amy is behind Sarah.Sarah is _ Amy. 10. He is playing football, _ it starts to rain. 五、根据图片及问句写出答句。 1. Where is the flower? _foronwithfrominofin front ofbutIts on the desk.2. Where are the pens? _3. Is the ball on the sofa? _4. Where is the cat? _5. Whens your birthday? _Theyre in the pencil box.No, its under the desk.Its between the monkey and the rabbit.Its on May 18th.
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