大学英语Unit5 TextAB

中国农业大学人文与发展学院外语系教案课程名称：大学英语三级课程名称：大学英语三级 教教 材：材：（全新版）大学英语（第 3 册）单元主题单元主题：How to Celebrate Holidays任课教师：任课教师： 授课班级：授课班级： ObjectivesWestern and Chinese holidaysWords in associationLanguage points and grammatical structuresThank-you letters.under way (L. 2): in position or operation, having started and making progress The project is not yet under way. 该项计划尚未进行。The campaign is fully under way. 运动已经全面铺开。Collocation: all the way any way by the way by way of自始自终 无论如何 顺便说 经由；通过的方法 padded We swam ashore. A few pieces of wood had washed ashore. Strong winds blew the ship ashore.be aboard, be away, be awake, be alike, be afraid, be abreastashore adv. towards or onto land from an area of water:put away(L.11): remove (sth.) to a place where it is usually storedPut away the tools after work, will you? Shes got a few thousand pounds put away for her retirement.她已存了几千镑以备退休之用。get to sth./doing sth.(L.16): begin to give serious attention to or deal withRecently Ive got to wondering why I am doing the part-time job.Well overcome that difficulty when we get to it. 那种困难到时候我们自有办法解决。Reverse (L. 21): vt. turn around to the opposite direction; exchange the position of The rise, the first in 10 months, reversed the downward trend in the countrys jobless rate.Why dont you reverse the order so that I perform first and he performs second? turn over (L. 25): think about; consider She sat there quietly, turning over the problem. He turned the matter over in his mind.他在心里反复考虑这件事情。他在心里反复考虑这件事情。 Collocation: turn aside turn (away) from turn down turn up 避开，撇开避开，撇开对对感到厌恶感到厌恶关小；拒绝关小；拒绝 开大；出现开大；出现 repay (L. 28): vt. pay back; reward “Is this how you repay my goodness with badness?” cried the boy.I owe you a debt of gratitude which I shall never be able to repay.His gratitude and devotion to the Party was boundless. There are no words to express the full measure of my gratitude.Collocation: feel gratitude show gratitude deep/profound gratitude everlasting gratitude sincere gratitude 心怀感激心怀感激 表露感激之情表露感激之情深切的谢意深切的谢意 永远的感谢永远的感谢 诚挚的谢意诚挚的谢意 gratitude (L. 34): n. being thankful; thankfulness (followed by to sb./ for sth.)specific (L. 47): a. relating to one thing and not others; particular This is why personas（人，角色）are such an important tool in the process of designing behavior; they represent specific people with specific purposes or goals.这就是为什么人物角色是设计行为过程中的一个关键工具，他们代表了具有特定目的或者目标的 具体的那些人。 CF: specific, special, especial & particular 均有均有“特殊的、特别的特殊的、特别的”的意思。的意思。specific 意思是具体的、特定的、明确的。He gave us a specific statement of the case.关于这个案子他向我们作了详尽的陈述。special意思是特殊的、专门的，强调某事物的特殊性或特殊用途。This is a special case, deserving special treatment. 这是一个特别案例，值得特殊处理。CF: specific, special, especial & particular 均有均有“特殊的、特别的特殊的、特别的”的意思。的意思。especial 是special的旧式的正式用语，用于强调。We have an especial need of help at this time.我们这个时候需要特别帮助。particular的意思是特殊的、特别的。强调事物的独特性、突出性This particular case is an exception to the rule. 这个特殊个案是个例外。1.1.我需要一个明确的回答。我需要一个明确的回答。 I want a specific answer. 2.没有什么特别的。没有什么特别的。Nothing special. 4.他特别不喜欢流行音乐。他特别不喜欢流行音乐。 He has an especial dislike for pop music. 3.故事就发生在那一天。故事就发生在那一天。The story happened on that particular day. Translate the following sentences into English, using the above words.on ones behalf/on behalf of sb. (L. 47): for sb.; in the interests of sb.; as the representative of sb.They presented the Queen with a bouquet on behalf of the women students. The legal guardian must act on behalf of the child.法定监护人应该维护这个孩子的利益。 impress (L. 49): vt.fix in sb.s mind; make the importance of (sth.) very clear to sb. impress upon/on sb. + that-clauseImpress upon/on sb. sth. My father impressed on me the value of hard work.cause (sb.) to feel admiration or respect She played up her past achievements just to impress us.Graduate (L. 50) to start doing something that is bigger, better, or more important; As an actress, she has graduated from small roles to more substantial parts.diminish (L. 51): v. make or become smaller or lessThe people wanted to diminish the power of the king. It did not operate to diminish the anti-Negro passions of the southern masses.它没有起到减少南部群众反对黑人情绪的作用。expose (L. 53): vt. leave uncovered or unprotected be exposed to We should not expose our children to horrors. Dont expose the film to light.不要把胶片曝光。He enjoys exposing his skin to the sun. immerse (L.53): vt. cover completely in a liquid; absorb deeplyI think it is important to immerse oneself in a language learning environment, if you want to learn English well.The translator has to immerse himself in the world of the poet.译者必须完全投入诗人的世界。marvelous (L. 54): a. causing wonder; excellent The marvelous acting compensated for the plays weak script.这部剧的精彩表演弥补了剧本的不足。I congratulate you on this marvelous opportunity.assemble: 1) bring or call together into a group; Examples:vThe members of the tour group assembled at the airport for departure.vDelegates were assembling in Geneva for the conference.assemble: 2) fit together the parts or pieces of ; Examples: vIt took me less than an hour to assemble the bookcase.assemble: 3) get and put together sth. such as proof or information in an organized way; Examples: vThe lawyer is assembling evidence concerning a murder case.Considerate (L. 62) thoughtful of the needs, etc. of othersIts of sb to do sth/ to be towards /to others considerable: much, greatA considerable income/ distance 相当可观的收入/相当远的距离sprinkle (L. 64): vt. scatter (drops or particles of sth.) on (sth.); scatter in small drops sprinkle sth. on/over sth. The gardener is sprinkling water on the grass. sprinkle sth. with sth. Sprinkle the top with cheese. He likes to eat fish sprinkled with pepper. recede verb I (L. 69)uto move further away into the distance, or to become less clear or less bright: uAs the boat picked up speed, the coastline receded into the distance until finally it became invisible.uThe painful memories gradually receded in her mind. accord (L.70):vt. grant我们给予他一个英雄凯旋式的欢迎。We accorded a heros welcome to him. vt. be in agreement (followed by with) What you have just said does not accord with what you told us earlier. Alternately (L. 75)if two things alternate, they happen one after another in a repeated patternvTwist you body, alternate right and left stretches.vShe alternated between outrage and sympathy.If something happens on alternate days, weeks etc, it happens on one day after the other in a regular patternvAlternate Mondays/weekendsvAlternate blue and red stripesSuccessive British governments had found the islands a headache.英国历届政府都对该岛感到头疼。A person travelling westwards sets his watch behind at each successive time zone.一个向西旅行的人，在每个时区边界，要把他的表拨慢一小时。successive (L.75): a. following one after the otherundergo (L. 88): vt. go through; experienceThe idea must undergo the test of experiment.Elevators must undergo an annual safety inspection.电梯必须每年作一次安全检查。swift (L. 88): a. rapid; prompt A swift change had taken place on the earth for him.She did a swift mental calculation.她头脑里敏捷地盘算了一下。He plunged into the swift current and rescued one child after another.他跳进急流中救起了一个又一个孩子。Welcome (L. 90)if something is welcome, you enjoy it because you feel that you need it.vThe weekend was a welcome break from the pressure of work.vSix months in Scotland would make a welcome change from London.If something is welcome, youre glad that it has happenedvThis new funding will come as a welcome boost for the industry.Reassurance (L. 91)something that is said or done which makes someone feel calmer and less worried or frightened about problemvWe have been given reassurances that the water is safe to drink.Reassure: to make someone feel calmer or less worried or frightened about a problem or a situationvHe tried to reassure me that my mother would be okay.appreciate (L.91): 1. vt. recognize the quality or significance of; valueI appreciate his compact style of writing.我欣赏他那简洁的文体。His talents are not fully appreciated in that company.2. vt. to be grateful for sth. that sb. has done; welcome sth. Your support is greatly appreciated. I would appreciate any comments you might have. I dont appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen. We would appreciate you letting us know any of your problems.3.vt. to understand that sth. is true; realize. What I failed to appreciate was the distance between the two cities. I dont think you appreciate how expensive it will be. We didnt fully appreciate that he was seriously ill. in a flash (L. 92): instantly His perception of the change came in a flash.他在一瞬间察觉到了这一变化。“The car was gone in a flash. All I know is that its a beautiful, expensive car.”A fortnight passed in a flash.一晃半个月过去了。Collocation: an electronic flash a news flash a flash of lightning a flash of hope 电子闪光灯电子闪光灯 电讯电讯一道闪电一道闪电 一线希望一线希望go about (L. 101): move around; behave in society; keep busy doing (sth.); set aboutJust go about your work and dont mind him.你还是干你的工作，不要理会他。How do you go about repairing this fax machine?Lets go about the work separately.in secret (L. 101): secretly No longer should power be centralized in the hands of Presidential assistants acting in secret from the rest of the government.权力不应再集中于撇开政府其他成员秘密办事的总统助理手中。They made their plans in secret.Collocation: a dead secret keep a (the) secret keep sth. a secret from sb. 还未泄露的秘密 保守秘密 不把某事告诉某人quote( (L.105): vt. repeat or copy the words of (another) I quote the passage; the Italics are mine.我引用这一节；斜体着重点是我加上的。Can you quote (me) an example of what you mean?你能否（给我）举个例子，以说明你的意思？Further DevelopmentGroup Work (1)Group Work (2)WritingGroup Work (1) Describe some traditional Chinese holidays or festivals and how people celebrate them. If possible, explain the origins of some holidays. Holidays/FestivalsOriginsSpecial EventsThe Lantern FestivalThe Dragon Boat FestivalThe Tomb-sweeping Festivalthe Mid-Autumn FestivalNational HolidayThe Double-Ninth Festivalthe Spring FestivalGroup Work (2) Do you think it is a good trend for the Chinese to celebrate western holidays, such as Valentines Day, Mother or Fathers Day and Christmas? Why?Writing Summary Writing Essay WritingWrite three thank-you letters respectively to his father, his grammar school principal and his grandmother in the name of Alex Haley.Summary WritingDear Dad, Its Thanksgiving and of course my thoughts are turning home to you. Looking out over the ocean I find myself thinking how much I owe to you. Yet I have never got round to telling you just how thankful I feel towards you for all you have done for me. There are so many things, I dont know where to start and would never get to the end once I began. But if I had to pick just one thing it would perhaps be the love of books and reading I leant from you. Those after-dinner quizzes at the table about the books we had just read and the new words we had picked up, I can see them in my minds eye as if they were yesterday. Not many are as lucky in their father as I am. So, simply, thank you. Your loving son,Sample 1Dear Grandma, Here I am, on board ship, and a thousand miles away from your wonderful cooking on Thanksgiving! Standing here at the rail, looking out at the sunset, Ive been turning the meaning of Thanksgiving around in my mind and came up with the idea that it is just the time to be giving thanks to those we owe it to. And who better to start with than you? How could I have grown up without your help? You always found just the right way of showing me with those wonderful stories of yours the importance of telling the truth, of sharing and forgiving, of being considerate to others. Quite simply, you sprinkled my life with stardust. Thank you. LoveSample 2Sample 3Dear Rev. Nelson, I am writing this on board ship. It is Thanksgiving. My thoughts have been turning to all those who have done so much for me in the past and how I have never taken the time to thank them properly. Naturally, you were among the first to come to mind. You were, quite simply, the very best teacher a child could wish for. You gave us so many different gifts, but, if I were forced to choose one, then it would be your morning prayers at assembly at the start of each day. Whatever positive things I have done since can often be traced to the impression left by those prayers. For that guidance and all the other things I was lucky enough to learn from you, I shall always be in your debt. Your affectionate student,Essay Writing Writing a thank-you letter after a job interview is a must! In fact, some employers think less of those interviewees who fail to follow-up promptly. Now you are required to write a thank-you letter for a job interview. SampleDear Mr. Johnson: It was very enjoyable to speak with you about the assistant account executive position at the Smith Agency. The job, as you presented it, seems to be a very good match for my skills and interests. The creative approach to account management that you described confirmed my desire to work with you. In addition to my enthusiasm, I will bring to the position strong writing skills, assertiveness and the ability to encourage others to work cooperatively with the department. My artistic background will help me to work with artists on staff and provide me with an understanding of the visual aspects of our work. I understand your need for administrative support. My detail orientation and organizational skills will help to free you to deal with larger issues. I neglected to mention during my interview that I had worked for two summers as a temporary office worker. This experience helped me to develop my secretarial and clerical skills. I appreciate the time you took to interview me. I am very interested in working for you and look forward to hearing from you about this position. Sincerely, SusanHomework Key to Language Focus Oral AssignmentKey to Language Focus Voc. 11. sprinkled2. in turn3. reversed4. repay5. at sea6. on your behalf7. statement8. specific9. got to10.in secret11.unloaded12.accord13.weep14.quote15.under wayVoc. 21. came across2. make out3. hope for4. turns (it) over5. put away6. brings back7. got to8. go aboutVoc. 31. diminish, people are working to increase the use of solar energy.2. appreciate what they already have.3. are exposed to more information than were children of the past, it does not follow that they automatically become more sophisticated.Voc. 34. has been immersed in British history and culture.5. in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic accident.Voc. 41. my sincere, considerate of, with gratitude2. assembled, amid the, impressed on, in quest of3. was marvelous, had undergone, swift, and the restII.1. fond of 2. sick of 3. thoughtful of4. confident of5. conscious of6. critical of7. guilty of8. uncertain ofrather thanRather than is normally used in parallel structures: for example with two adjectives, adverbs, nouns, infinitives or -ing forms. When the main clause has a to-infinitive, rather than is normally followed by an infinitive without to. An -ing form is also possible.rather thanI would prefer to go in August rather than in July. I feel like swimming rather than just lying here.Lets go swimming rather than hiking.I want to swim rather than hike.I would prefer to leave now rather than wait. We wanted to watch a video rather than go to a movie.I decided to write rather than phone/phoning.rather thanWe want to go to a restaurant rather than McDonalds.We like going to a restaurant rather than (going to) McDonalds. He ran rather than walked. We should help him rather than he should help us. The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. He is an explorer rather than a sailor. You rather than I are going to go camping. III. UsageTo know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say.It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success.Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling/told them what to think.I think Ill stay at home this evening rather than go / going out.Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan / planning for them.would ratherWould rather means would prefer to. It is followed by an infinitive without to. Would you rather stay here or go home? (=Would you prefer to stay here or go home.) Would rather + subject + past tenseWe can use would rather to say that one person would prefer another or others to do something. We use a special structure with a past tense.Dont come today, I would rather you came tomorrow. (=I would prefer you to come tomorrow.) I would rather you posted this letter. (= I would like you to post this letter.) To talk about past actions, a past perfect tense is possible.I would rather you hadnt done that. (= I wish you hadnt done that.) Structure 11. it was taken for granted2. Most young people take tap water for granted3. took it for granted that they were married.4. the second is taken for granted.Structure 21. The 1980s saw the start of the development of 2. The past decade has seen the release of 3. The last 100 years have seen the material wealth4. The future will see us developing new ideasCloze (A)1. at sea2. Turning over3. reverse4. got to5. repay6. gratitude7. appreciated8. assembled9. immersed in10. unloading11. swiftCloze (B)1. all2. reason3. better4. for5. year6. together13. harvest14. from 15. if16. reward17. itself18. food7. because8. by9. brings10. that11. for12. theTranslation 在感恩节的气氛中，乔治没有跟朋友们一起庆祝节日，却沉浸于阅读他父亲留给他的日记。他的父亲在连续两次完成环球旅行后在海上去世。 Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving, rather than joining his friends in celebration of the holiday, George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. 这份日记使他回忆起自己与父亲一起度过的每一刻以及父亲为他所做的许多具体事情。 The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf.Translation 乔治的父亲过去经常向他强调必须经历各种艰难困苦去追求卓越。他还教导他世界上没有理所当然的东西。 Georges father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted.Translation 即使今天，他依然记得父亲如何引用“懂得感激是高尚者的标志”这句伊索名言来教导他要把懂得感激放在最重要的位置。 Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesops famous saying “Gratitude is the sign of noble souls” and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.TranslationText BWhere is Home?Theme: Holiday is an occasion for busy and independent Americans stop and feast on family. Text B (L. 2) My friend announces this as we swap recipes and plans for Thanksgiving. He offered to swap his camera for hers. Your book looks more interesting than mine: do you want to swap (with me)?Text B (L. 6) We laugh briefly at the passage of time, at thoughts of our own mothers who still refer to us as “the girls,” and then she pauses. (L. 9) There is a moment as bittersweet as cranberry sauce. (L. 11) This is the week when our friends bring in the younger generation, eagerly harvesting them from bulging airports. Try to harvest the fruit before first frost. 尽量在初霜之前采摘水果。 swell or protrude outwardsHis stomach bulged after the huge meal.Text BText B (L. 16) They struggle past check-in counters and wrestle their gear into stuffed overhead bins. (L. 17) They (these energetic offspring) migrate back on airlines whose owners pray with their overbooked hearts that the weather will hold. His offspring are diligent and intelligent. These birds migrate northwards in spring and southwards in fall.Text BText B (L. 19) It is a testimony to the joyful pull of family that Americans saturated the air and highways this week to return to the place they no longer live but nevertheless call home. (L. 22) Yet my old friend has touched, however delicately, on that other truth about a country scattered over generations and geography. There is one more subject that I would like to touch on briefly. Delicately built and slim, she had a gypsy beauty about her. 她娇小玲珑，有吉普赛人的美。Text B (L.29) But we are still trying to learn how to compress “quality time” into small quantities. Unlike gases, liquids are d