2012年 英语新课标全国卷1

2012课标全国卷(英语)第卷第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.AhoweverBwhateverCwhichever Dwhenever答案是B。21A172012课标全国卷 Which one of these do you want?_. Either will do.AI dont mind BIm sureCNo problem DGo ahead21A考查情景对话。I dont mind.我不介意； Im sure.我确信；No problem.没问题；Go ahead.继续做。句意：“你想要这些中的哪一个？”“我不介意。任何一个都行。”22A32012课标全国卷 Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction.A不填； a Ba; theCthe; 不填 Dthe; a22C考查冠词的用法。第一空特指“已经画完的画”；第二空考查介词短语with satisfaction意为“满意地”，作状语。此处satisfaction为抽象名词，在此短语中不用冠词。句意：萨拉满意地看着那幅已画完的画。23. A112012课标全国卷 “Life is like walking in the snow”， Granny used to say, “because every step _”Ahas shown Bis showingCshows Dshowed23C考查动词的时态。此处是奶奶过去常常说的一句话，这里是直接引语，句子的内容是生活哲理，所以用一般现在时。句意：奶奶过去常常说：“生活就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都看得见。”24A132012课标全国卷 It is by no means clear_ the president can do to end the strike.AhowBwhich CthatDwhat24D考查主语从句的连接词。此处It是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语，what在从句中作do的宾语。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点儿也不清楚。25. A142012课标全国卷 I dont believe weve met before, _ I must say you do look familiar.Atherefore Balthough Csince Dunless25B考查状语从句的连接词。句意：尽管我得说你确实看起来面熟，但我相信我们以前没见过面。根据句意只有although符合题意。26. A42012课标全国卷 The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much _Athe best Bbest Cbetter Dthe better26D考查形容词比较等级的用法。此处so much the better是固定短语，意为：那就更好了。句意：这结果对我们来说不是很重要，但如果我们真的赢了，那就更好了。27A82012课标全国卷 Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can _ almost every word her teacher says.Aput out Bput down Cput away Dput together27B考查动词短语的辨析。put out熄灭； put down记下，写下；put away收拾，把东西放好；put together放在一起。句意：玛丽非常擅长在课上记笔记。她几乎能把老师说的每个词都写下来。28A162012课标全国卷 The party will be held in the garden, weather _Apermitting Bto permitCpermitted Dpermit28A考查独立主格结构。此处主句的主语The party 和weather不一致，所以weather保留，作permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。29A42012课标全国卷 This restaurant wasnt _ that other restaurant we went to.Ahalf as good as Bas half good asCas good as half Dgood as half as29A考查倍数表达法的句型。在asas句型中，倍数放在第一个as的前面，故A正确。句意：这家饭店不及我们去过的另一家的一半好。30A102012课标全国卷 I _ use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.Acouldnt BmustntCshouldnt Dneednt30D考查情态动词的用法。此处“neednt动词原形”表示：没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟叫醒自己，因为每天早上六点火车都经过我的房子。31A22012课标全国卷 Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _ of them wants to, because they have work to do.Aeither Bany Cneither Dnone31C考查代词的用法。根据句意可知，Bill和Peter是两个人，所以其否定形式用neither。句意：拉里请求比尔和彼得一起和他去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们要工作。32A92012课标全国卷 Film has a much shorter history, especially when _ such art forms as music and painting.Ahaving compared to Bcomparing toCcompare to Dcompared to32D考查非谓语动词的用法。此处是被省略的时间状语从句，其相当于：when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting. 这里film和compare之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。又因为从句主语和主句主语一致，所以film和is被省略。句意：电影的历史短得多，尤其是当它和像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。33A112012课标全国卷 I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes.Aswim Bswum Cswam Dhad swum33C考查动词的时态。因为前半句用了过去完成进行时，所以后半句用一般过去时，只有这样才能具备“过去的过去”的条件。句意：我一整个下午都在做数学题，那些数字在我的眼前晃动。34A62012课标全国卷 You have to move out of the way _ the truck cannot get past you.Aso Bor Cand Dbut34B考查并列连词。此处or意为“否则”。句意：你必须躲开，否则卡车过不去。35A72012课标全国卷 If she doesnt want to go, nothing you can say will _ her.Apersuade Bpromise Cinvite Dsupport35A考查动词词义辨析。persuade说服；promise许诺；invite 邀请； support支持。句意：如果她不想去，你说什么都不能说服她。根据句意选A。第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)B42012课标全国卷 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks _36_ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more _37_ than we realize. In fact, nonverbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really _38_. And body language is particularly _39_ when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so _40_ a part of us that its actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. _41_， different societies treat the _42_ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having _43_ contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with _44_. People from Latin American countries, _45_， touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, its possible that in _46_， it may look like a Latino is _47_ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving _48_. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep _49_ which the Latino will in return regard as _50_ Clearly, a great deal is going on when people _51_. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from _52_ cultures, theres a strong possibility of _53_ . But whatever the situation, the best _54_ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be _55_36A.straighter BlouderCharderDfurther37A.sounds BinvitationsCfeelings Dmessages38A.hope BreceiveCdiscover Dmean39A.immediate BmisleadingCimportant Ddifficult40A.well Bfar Cmuch Dlong41A.For example BThusCHowever DIn short42A.trade BdistanceCconnections Dgreetings43A.eye Bverbal Cbodily Dtelephone44A.strangers BrelativesCneighbours Denemies45A.in other words Bon the other hand Cin a similar way Dby all means46A.trouble Bconversation Csilence Dexperiment47A.disturbing BhelpingCguiding Dfollowing48A.closer Bfaster Cin Daway49A.stepping forward Bgoing onCbacking away Dcoming out50A.weakness Bcarelessness Cfriendliness Dcoldness51A.talk Btravel Claugh Dthink52A.different BEuropeanCLatino Drich53A.curiosity Bexcitement Cmisunderstanding Dnervousness54A.chance Btime Cresult Dadvice55A.noticed Btreated Crespected Dpleased【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。作者认为身势语比言辞更有效，而身势语却常常被人们忽略。在进行跨文化交流的过程中，身势语尤为重要。作者以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例进行了阐述。最后作者指出：不管什么情况，最好的建议是：对待别人像你希望被对待的那样。(你想别人怎么对待你，你就怎样对待别人。)36. B考查副词的比较级及语境理解。身势语比语言表达的意思更响亮，更清楚。此处louder意为：声音更大，即更有说服力。如：谚语Facts speak louder than words.(事实胜于雄辩。)37. D考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。据专家称：我们的身体发出比我们意识到的更多的信息。sound声音；invitation邀请；feeling感觉；message信息。38. D考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。实际上，非语言交际约占据了我们真正想表达的意思的50%的分量。hope希望；receive接收；discover发现；mean意思是。39. C考查形容词词义辨析。当我们进行跨文化交流时，身势语显得尤为重要。immediate立刻的； misleading 误导的；important重要的；difficult困难的。40. C考查形容词的用法。事实上，身势语是常常被我们忽略的很多的一部分。41. A考查语境理解。下文中以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例，说明不同的社会群体对待距离的态度是不同的。42. B考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。不同的社会群体对待人们之间接触的距离是不同的。trade交易； distance 距离； connection联系；greeting问候。43. C考查语境理解。即使是朋友，北欧人通常也不喜欢身体的接触，当然更不用说陌生人。eye 眼睛，眼神；verbal 言辞的； bodily身体的；telephone电话。44. A考查名词词义辨析。北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人。stranger陌生人；relative亲戚；neighbour邻居；enemy敌人。45. B考查介词短语的含义及语境理解。on the other hand然而，在另一方面。然而，拉丁美洲国家的人们相互接触的就很多。46. B考查名词词义辨析。在对话过程中，拉丁人跟着挪威人满屋子转是可能的。trouble 麻烦；conversation对话； silence 沉默；experiment实验。47. D考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。在对话过程中，拉丁人跟着(following)挪威人满屋子转是可能的。此处follow意为：跟着走。48. A考查语境理解。拉丁人靠得更近表示友好。49. C考查动词短语的含义及语境理解。挪威人将不断地后退。step forward前进； go on 继续；back away后退；come out出来。50. D考查名词词义辨析。拉丁人反过来认为他们很冷淡。weakness虚弱； carelessness粗心；friendliness 友谊；coldness冷淡。51. A考查动词词义辨析。很显然，当人们谈话时，许多东西都在进行。52. A考查形容词词义辨析。当我们的伙伴来自于不同的文化背景时，产生误解的可能性就会很大。53C考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。当我们的伙伴来自于不同的文化背景时，产生误解的可能性就会很大。54. D考查名词词义辨析。不管什么样的情景，最好的建议是遵守这样的黄金规则：对待别人像你希望被对待的那样。55. B考查动词词义辨析。不管什么样的情景，最好的建议是遵守这样的黄金规则：对待别人像你希望被对待的那样。(你想别人怎样对待你，你就怎样对待别人。)第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。C42012课标全国卷 AAre you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some of these places：Visit art museums. They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids interest. Many offer workshops for making handmade pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings(签名) by childrens favorite writers, and even musical performances and other arts.Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.Go to a Youtheater. Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors. Preshow play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts. Puppet (木偶) making and stage makeup are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.Try handson_science. Visit one of the many handson science museums around the country. These science playlands are great fun for kids and grownups alike. Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.56If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit _Aa YoutheaterBan art museumCa natural history museumDa handson science museum57What can kids do at a Youtheater? ALook at rock collections. BSee dinosaur models. CWatch puppet making. DGive performances.58What does “handson science” mean in the last paragraph? AScience games designed by kids. BLearning science by doing things. CA show of kids science work. DReading science books.59Where does this text probably come from? AA science textbook. BA tourist map. CA museum guide. DA news report.【要点综述】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了4则关于博物馆信息的广告。第一则：艺术博物馆；第二则：自然历史博物馆；第三则：木偶剧院；第四则：自己动手科学博物馆。56C细节理解题。如果孩子对宇宙感兴趣，那你就得带孩子去“自然历史博物馆”。宇宙的内容是自然历史博物馆的一部分。根据第二则广告中的“This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky.”可知C正确。57. C细节理解题。根据第三则广告中的“Puppet(木偶)making and stage makeup are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.”可知C正确。58. B词义猜测题。根据文章中最后一则广告中的“Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building.”可知在这种博物馆中，孩子们通过按按钮、做实验和建东西去体验。所以B正确。59. C推理判断题。根据文章的第一句话“Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some of these places：”和四则广告全是有关博物馆的内容可知，这是一则博物馆广告介绍，所以这取材于博物馆指南。C82012课标全国卷 B Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helpera little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the_follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share. Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees nest? A. Its small in size. B. Its hidden in trees. C. Its covered with wax. D. Its hard to recognize.61. What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A bee. B. A bird. C. A honey seeker. D. A beekeeper.62. The honey guide is special in the way _ A. it gets its food B. it goes to church C. it sings in the forest D. it reaches into bees nests63. What can be the best title for the text? A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey C. Beekeeping in Africa D. HoneyLovers Helper【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了honeylovers helper独特的掠食方式，它帮助人和动物找到蜂蜜，待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后，它再吃蜂蜡。科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解。60. B细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.”可知B正确。61. C词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helpera little bird called a honey guide.”可推知：跟在honey guide后面的是people and animals，而他们统称为honey seeker(寻找蜂蜜的人或动物们)。62. A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.”科学家们都不知道为什么honey guide对蜂蜡感兴趣，当然它们获得蜂蜡的方式也更加特别。63. D标题归纳题。文章通篇都在叙述有关honeylovers helper的事情，第一段通过叙述引出honeylovers helper这一中心词；第二段叙述honeylovers helper获取蜂蜡的过程；第三段科学家们对honeylovers helper的掠食方式感到迷惑。C22012课标全国卷 CAbout twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a filmstudio (影棚) to take part in a crowdscene. Although our “act” would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things. We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big moviecamera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in “snow”. Two more fans were turned on, and a “strong wind” blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold. The next scene was a complete contrast (对比). The way it was filmed was quite unusual.Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen. An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the waters edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio! Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film “stars”！64. Who is the author? A. A cameraman. B. A film director. C. A crowdscene actor. D. A workman for scene setting.65. What made the author feel cold? A. The heavy snowfall. B. The manmade scene. C. The low temperature. D. The film being shown.66. What would happen in the “three minutes” mentioned in the last paragraph? A. A new scene would be filmed. B. More stars would act in the film. C. The author would leave the studio. D. The next scene would be prepared.【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己作为群众演员的一次经历。64. C细节理解题。根据文章中的第一段“About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a filmstudio(影棚)to take part in a crowdscene. Although our act would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.”可知作者是群众演员。所以C正确。65. B细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in snow. Two more fans were turned on, and a strong wind blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.”可知这里的picture即是the manmade scene。66. A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film stars！”可知A正确。C52012课标全国卷 D Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it. In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn. The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.67What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? APeople remember well what they learned in childhood. BChildren have a better memory than grownups. CPoem reading is a good way to learn words. DStories for children are easy to remember.68The author explains the law of overlearning by_ Apresenting research findings Bsetting down general rules Cmaking a comparison Dusing examples69According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is _ Aa result of overlearning Ba special case of cramming Ca skill to deal with math problems Da basic step towards advanced studies70What is the authors opinion on cramming? AIt leads to failure in college exams. BIts helpful only in a limited way. CIts possible to result in poor memory. DIt increases students learning interest.【要点综述】本文是一篇议论文。成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记着儿时学过的东西。作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续练习，才使我们记忆深刻。文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。 最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和“突击学习”的弊端。67. A段落大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知，文章讲的是成年人常常惊叹他们非常好地记着儿时学过的东西。C、D断章取义，讲得太具体，B项错误，因为那是过度学习的结果，不是儿时记忆力好。所以A正确。68. D推理判断题。根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：“practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long af