初中英语巧变宾语从句

初中英语巧变宾语从句 宾语从句“三个三”（三种类型、三个步骤和三点注意）初三同学复习宾语从句，应抓住关键。如果掌握了以下三点，定会收到事半功倍的效果。一、 三种类型宾语从句一共有三种类型：1. that引导的宾语从句（陈述句变宾从）。如：He said (that) it was Sunday yesterday.2. if/whether引导的宾语从句（一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句变宾从）。如：Could you tell me if /whether there will be a test next week?3. when, which等连接代词或连接副词（ 特殊疑问词）引导的宾语从句（特殊疑问句变宾从）。如：I dont know how I can get there.二、 三个步骤变宾语从句应遵循以下三个步骤：1. 确定引导词 根据从句的句子类型选择正确的引导词：如从句为陈述句则引导词为that(that在口语中常省略)；如从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，则引导词为if或whether；如从句是特殊疑问句，则引导词为特殊疑问词本身。2. 调整语序宾语从句永远是陈述句语序。如原句是疑问句，则应调整为陈述句语序。如：1) Is he going to the shop? I want to know. (改为宾语从句) I want to know if/whether he is going to the shop. 2) When does he get up? Do you know? (改为宾语从句) Do you know when he gets up?3. 变换时态A. 如主句动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则宾语从句根据实际情况用所需要的任何时态。如：1) He says (that) he will finish the work tomorrow. 2) I think (that) they have already gone to Beijing.B. 如主句动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句动词的时态用过去时的某种形式（如，一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等。）。如：1) She asked if/whether he was leaving for Shanghai soon. 2) He said (that) they had a very good journey home.另外，还需考虑标点的使用和人称的变化。A.带宾语从句的主从复合句的标点由主句的句子类型决定，如主句是陈述句，则用句号；如主句是疑问句，则用问号。如：1) When do we arrive? We dont know. (改为宾语从句) We dont know when we arrive. 2) What time does the ship leave? Do you know? (改为宾语从句) Do you know what time the ship leaves?B.人称变化的规则是“一主、二宾、三不变”：需变宾语从句的句子的人称如是第一人称，则随主句的主语变（主句主语是第几人称，则宾语从句变为第几人称）；如是第二人称，则随主句的宾语变（主句宾语是第几人称，则宾语从句变为第几人称）；如是第三人称，则不要变（宾语从句仍用第三人称）。如：1) Shall I go there? He asked me. (改为宾语从句) He asked me if/whether he would go there.2) Will you go there? He asked me. (改为宾语从句) He asked me if/whether I would go there. 3) Will she go there? He asked me. (改为宾语从句) He asked if/whether she would go there.三、 三点注意明白了宾语从句的三种类型和变宾语从句的三个步骤，还要注意三种特殊情况：1. 否定的转移当主句的动词为think, believe等时，则宾语从句不能用否定形式。如宾语从句中含有否定，那么该否定要转移到主句中去。如：1) Chickens cant swim, I think. (改为宾语从句) I dont think (that) chickens can swim. 2) It wont rain. I think. (改为宾语从句) I dont think (that) it will rain.2. 时态不变当主句动词为过去时，而宾语从句讲的是客观性事实或科学真理等时，则时态不变。如：1)The earth goes around the sun. The teacher said. (改为宾语从句) The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun. 2) Light travels much faster than sound. The scientist said . (改为宾语从句) The scientist said (that) light travels much faster than sound.3.“两副面孔”if和when既能引导宾语从句，又能引导状语从句。因此，碰到此种情况要认清其一种形式的“两副面孔”，从而具体情况，具体对待。如： 1) I dont know if/when he will come tomorrow.2) If/When he comes, youll tell me about it. 1) 中的if或when是引导宾语从句，它的时态根据实际情况用一般将来时；2) 中的if或when是引导状语从句，它的时态根据状语从句的规则用一般现在时代替一般将来时。另外，还应注意当主句中含有say to（said to）变宾从时，要把它们变为tell/ask(told/asked)（如宾从是陈述句则用tell/told，如宾从是疑问句则用ask/asked）。如：1) The teacher said to me, “It is very cold in Moscow.” (改为宾语从句) The teacher told me (that) it was very cold in Moscow.2) The teacher said to me, “Does she like the book?” (改为宾语从句) The teacher asked me if/whether she liked the book. 以上向同学们介绍了宾语从句的精髓。在初三英语总复习中只要认真总结知识规律，研究复习方法，提高复习效率，一定会收到理想的效果，创出优异的成绩。