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Section LearningLearning about LanguageThe scientist from whom the whole nation benefited a lotnever lost heart when he was in trouble.让全国人民受益很大的那位科学家在处于困境时从不灰心。lose heart 丧失勇气或信心典例拓展Never lose heart when you fail.失败时别灰心。lose ones heart to sb./sth.爱上/钟情于某人/物break ones heart 使人难过/伤心put ones heart into 把全部心思放在learn.by heart 背诵；牢记from the bottom of ones heart 从某人的内心深处运用完成句子，每空一词Dont _ _ (灰心)I believe youll succeedone day if you insist on it.loseheartShe _ _ _ _ (爱上) him atthe first sight.lostherhearttoI thank her _ _ _ _ _ (从我的内心深处)fromthebottomofmyheart定语从句 ()：由关系副词 where, when, why, 介词which/whom 引导的定语从句关系副词 where, when, why 和关系代词一样放在先行词的后面起引导作用，同时在定语从句中分别充当地点、时间和原因状语。1where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如：This is the university where Grandpa studied 30 years ago. 这是爷爷 30 年前就读过的大学。2when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：Can you still remember that evening when we met for the firsttime？你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？Do you know the date when the Peoples Republic of Chinawas founded？你知道中华人民共和国成立的日期吗？注意：关系副词 where 引导的定语从句有时先行词不是具体 的 地 点 名 词 ， 而 是 抽 象 名 词 position, stage, situation, case,occasion 等。如：He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is rightand wrong.他陷入了一种难以分辨是非的局面。3why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。如：The reason why he refused the job is that he thought the salarywas a little too low.他拒绝那份工作的原因是他觉得工资太低了一点。I dont know the reason why he didnt tell it to his father.我不知道他没有把这件事告诉他父亲的原因。4由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于“介词名词”，即when on/in/during.(time); where in/at/on.(place); why for.(reason)，因此关系副词可换为“介词which”引导定语从句。如：That is the day when (on which) he did the experiments. 就是他做实验的那一天。This is the house where (in which) my father used to live.这就是我父亲以前住过的房子。That is the reason why (for which) he is leaving very soon. 那就是他为什么要马上离开的原因。注意：在“介词which ”的结构中，介词的选择取决于which 所指的名词与介词的搭配关系，或者取决于定语从句中动词词组与介词的搭配关系。如：This is the farm on which (where) I worked three yearsago.(搭配：on a farm)这就是我三年前工作过的农场。He cant forget that moment at which (when) he saw hislong-lost child.(搭配：at the moment)他永远忘不了他见到失散很久的孩子的那一瞬间。Last week he went to a pop stars performance, for which hepaid 100 yuan.(搭配：pay money for sth.)上周他去听了一个明星演唱会，为此他花了 100 元。5当表示人的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以用whom 也可以用 who 和 that，且可以省略；但当动词短语的介词提前时，就一定要用 whom，且不能省略。如：Hes the singer (whom/who/that) we like.他是我们喜欢的歌手。Hes the man to whom she talked yeterday.他是她昨天与之交谈的人。6when, where 引导的定语从句和 when, where 引导的状语从句的区别when, where 可以同时引导定语从句和状语从句，都在从句中作状语。但在引导定语从句时，前面必须分别有先行词，此时 when, where 可相应地改为“介词which”结构；而在引导状语从句时，从句前没有表示时间或地点的名词，此时不可将 when, where 改为“介词which”结构。如：Shewouldliketolive in a countrynever snows.她想住在一个不下雪的国家。where/in which it (画线部分为定语从句，修饰先行词 a country，where 在从句中作状语)She would like to live where it never snows. 她想住在一个不下雪的地方。(画线部分为状语从句，修饰谓语 would like to live，where在从句中作状语)7that 代替关系副词的特殊用法在特殊情况下，that 可以取代 when, where, why 和“介词which”，用于表示时间、地点、理由。在口语中 that 常被省略。如：His father died the year when/in which/(that) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place where/in which/(that) he livedforty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。The reason why/for which/(that) Im ringing is to ask you for afavour.我打电话是想向你求助。一、用适当的关系词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1This is the hall.We listened to the report in it the other day.This is the hall.2.The car was going 90 miles an hour.The car just passed us.The car was going 90 miles an hour .3.The house is very large.We live in it.The house is very large.4.We met a woman in the park.The woman is from America.The woman is from America.where/in which we listened to the reportthe other dayat which the car just passed uswhere/in which we live/(which/that) we live in(that/who/whom) we met in the park5.Shaolin Temple welcomes visitors both at home andabroad.It lies in the west of Zhengzhou.Shaolin Templeat home and abroad. 6He was late for school again.Do you know the reason?Do you know the reason ？7.None of us believe the reason.He explained the reason forhis coming late.None of us believe the reason .which/that lies in the west of Zhengzhouwelcomes visitors both.why/for which he was late for school again(which/that) he explained for hiscoming late8.He has got himself into a dangerous situation.He is likely tolose control of the plane.Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation .9 We never forget those days.We worked together in thosedays.We never forget those days .10He is the old man.my brother has worked with him for 10years.He is the old man .where/in which he is likely to lose control of the planewhen/in which we worked togetherwith whom my brother has worked for 10 years二、用适当的关系词填空on which1.This is the train _ they often go to Shanghai.2.He worked in a factory _ produced computer partsfor some key companies.which/that3He was educated at a famous university, _ he wentabroad and settled there.after which4.You may call me from one to six oclock, I amalways at home.during which5.Who is the boy in blue over there _ you talked tojust now?that/whom6After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.where/at which7Great changes have taken place in that school since 2 yearsago, _ it was poorly equipped.when8.The schools themselves admit that not all students will besuccessful in their jobs _ they are trained.for which9This is the pilot _ I bought a camera.for whom10The reason he came is not very convincing.for which/why
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