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考点4细节理解之事实细节题真题解密Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia(怀旧)Its fun to come home.It looks the same.It smells the same.Youll realize whats changed is you.Home is where we can remember pain，love，and some other experiences：We parted here；My parents met here；I won three championships here.If I close my eyes，I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home.I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glasstop wooden table.To the right of the living room is my first bedroom.Its empty，but its where my earliest memories are.There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays，and where I cried on Halloweenwhen I didnt want to wear the skirt my mother made for me.I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong.If I sit at this table，I can see my favorite room in the house，my parents room.It is simple：a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side.Their bed is my safe zone.I can jump on it anytimewaking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.Im lucky because I know my first home still exists.It exists in my mind and heart，on a physical property(住宅) on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles.It is proof I lived，I grew，and I learned.Sometimes when I feel lost，I lie down and shut my eyes，and I go home.I know its where Ill find my family，my dogs，and my belongings.I purposely leave the window open at night because I know Ill be blamed by Mom.But I dont mind，because I want to hear her say my name，which reminds me Im home.(2013四川，D)43Why does the author call her parents bed her “safe zone” (Paragraph 3)?AIt is her favorite place to play.BHer needs can be satisfied there.CHer grandparents photos are lined on each side.DHer parents always play together with her there.答案B解析细节理解题。由文中第三段最后两句“Their bed is my safe zone.I can jump on it anytimewaking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.”可知B项正确。44What can be learned from the passage?AThe old furniture is still in the authors first bedroom.BThe author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.CThe authors favorite room in her first home is the dining room.DMany people of the authors age can still find their first physical homes.答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段末句可知A项错误；根据第三段“.I can see my favorite room in the house，my parents room.”可知C项错误；D项文中未提及。故选B项。45Sometimes when she feels lost，the author will_.Aopen the window at nightBlie down in bed to have a dreamCtry to bring back a sense of homeDgo to Los Angeles to visit her mom 答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可推断出作者感觉失落时，常常试图找回家的感觉。故选C项。46What is the authors purpose of writing this passage?ATo express how much she is attached to her home.BTo declare how much she loves her first house.CTo describe the state of her family.DTo look back on her childhood.答案A解析推理判断题。通读全文可知作者旨在表达对家的无限依恋。故选A项。技巧归纳做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。趁热打铁In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music，dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness，Richard Burton，Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团)It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.At the same time，the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947，in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform，and they did so in a public house disused for years.Soon，groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University，and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge，Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by littleknown writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.Today the “Fringe”，once less recognized，has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre，music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.And yet as early as 1959，with only 19 theatre groups performing，some said it was getting too big.A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971，and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.(2013新课标全国，B)40What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?ATo bring Europe together again.BTo honor heroes of World War .CTo introduce young theatre groups.DTo attract great artists from Europe.答案A解析细节理解题。文章第一段最后一句指出：“The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.”，即：(人们创设爱丁堡音乐节的)想法是团结二战后的欧洲。因此，正确答案为A项。41Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?AThey owned a public house there.BThey came to take up a challenge.CThey thought they were also famous.DThey wanted to take part in the festival.答案D解析细节理解题。由第三段第二句“Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947，in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform.”，可知八个剧团不请自来的原因是他们认为每个人都应有权利来音乐节上参加表演。42Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared?APopular writers.BUniversity students.CArtists from around the world.DPerformers of music and dance.答案B解析细节理解题。第三段和第四段提到很多大学生参加了爱丁堡音乐节，所以答案为B项。43We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival_.Ahas become a nonofficial eventBhas gone beyond an art festivalCgives shows all year roundDkeeps growing rapidly答案D解析推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“.has far outgrown the festival.，.some said it was getting too big.”及文章最后一段中的“.eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.”可知爱丁堡音乐节发展迅速，其规模不断变大。活页练(二十三).单项填空1Its a lovely day，isnt it?Yes.I love_when the weather is like this.Why dont we sit outside and have our lunch?Athis BthatCit Done答案C解析本题主要考查it作形式宾语的句型。动词love，like，hate，dislike，enjoy，prefer，appreciate等词后一般不能直接接句子，前面要加it，然后再接when或if引导的句子。 2Why not look up the new word in a dictionary_you dont know it?Aif BthatCthough Dwhether答案A解析why not在这里表达的是建议，因此后面表达的是条件。句意为：如果你不知道这个单词，为什么不查一下词典？ 3Which do you enjoy_your weekend，swimming or fishing?Aspending Bbeing spentCspend Dto spend答案D解析to spend为不定式作目的状语，而which是enjoy的宾语。 4I dont have a job.I would find one but I_no time.Ahad Bdidnt haveChad had Dhave答案D解析解答此类题时，必须从题干中的暗示入手。I dont have a job告诉我们现在的状况，再由I would find one可知是对现在的虚拟，因此，but后的句子应该是现在的事实，故用一般现在时。hu 5The customer didnt choose_of the coats and went away without looking at a third one.Aboth BallCany Deither答案D解析not与both，all连用为部分否定，与any either连用为完全否定。根据后半句可知用完全否定且两个coats不可用any，故选D项。 6Playing football and watching TV_both interesting.Awere BwasCare Dis答案C解析不定式短语或动词短语作主语时，谓语动词应用单数，然而此题中and连接了两个动名词短语，因此谓语动词要用复数，故答案为C。7It must be he that has stolen Mr.Smiths purse，_？Ahasnt he Bisnt heCmustnt it Disnt it答案D解析强调句型的反意疑问句，现在或将来用isnt it，过去用wasnt it。 8In which play is_your brother appear?Athat where Bthis whenCit that Dit where答案C解析It is.that是强调句型，被强调部分是in which play。 9He wishes to make friends with_shares his hobbies and interests.Asomeone Bno matter whoCwhoever Danyone答案C解析此题with后面的空格要求接一个连接代词，这个词必须能在从句中作主语，又能连接这个名词性从句，整个句子作with的宾语。故选C。10Because of the bad weather，my mother_and lay in bed.She_for a week.Ahas been ill；was illBfell ill；has fallen ill Cfell ill；has been illDfell ill；is ill答案C解析fall ill意为“患病，得病”；be ill意为“生病”，表示状态。第一空由and后的并列谓语lay得知，应用fell ill。第二空由for a week可知应用现在完成时，has been ill for a week表示“病了一个星期了”。.完形填空I used to believe in the American Dream，which meant a job，a mortgage(按揭)，credit cards，success.I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else，all of us _1_ chasing the same thing.One year，through a series of unhappy events，it all fell _2_.I found myself homeless and alone.I had my truck and $56.I _3_ the countryside for some place I could rent for the _4_ possible amount.I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road _5_the Potomac River in West Virginia.It was_6_，full of broken glass and rubbish.I found the owner，rented it，and _7_ a corner to camp in.The locals knew nothing about me，_8_ slowly，they started teaching me the _9_ of being a neighbor.They dropped off blankets，candles，and tools，and began _10_ around to chat.They started to teach me a belief in a _11_ American Dreamnot the one of individual achievement but of _12_.What I had believed in，all those things I thought were_13_ for a civilized life，were nonexistent in this place._14_ on the mountain，my most valuable possessions were my _15_ with my neighbors.Four years later，I moved back into _16_.I saw many people were having a really hard time，_17_ their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to _18_ a handful of people.There are four of us now in the house，but over time Ive had nine people come in and move on to other places.Wed all be in _19_ if we hadnt banded together.The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one.Its not so much about what I can get for myself；its about _20_ we can all get by together.(2013江苏)1A.separately BequallyCviolently Dnaturally答案A解析句意为：我们都在各自地追求同样的事物。separately各自地；equally平等地；violently猛烈地；naturally自然地。2A.off BapartCover Dout答案B解析句意为：经历了一系列的不幸，一切都破碎了。fall off跌落，掉下；fall apart崩溃，破碎；fall over跌倒，摔倒；fall out掉队，争吵。3A.crossed BleftCtoured Dsearched答案D解析句意为：我在农村寻找一处租金最便宜的地方。cross横穿；leave离开；tour旅游；search搜寻。4A.fullest BlargestCfairest Dcheapest答案D解析根据上文语境，我无家可归并只剩下卡车和56美元，故应是租最便宜的房子。5A.at BthroughCover Dround答案C解析句意为：我在西弗吉尼亚州偶然找到了一处破旧的房子，它位于Potomac河上一条崎岖的山路上方。6A.occupied BabandonedCemptied Drobbed答案B解析句意为：它被荒废了，到处都是碎玻璃和垃圾。occupy占领，占据；abandon废弃，遗弃；empty空的，空虚的；rob抢劫。7A.turned BapproachedCcleared Dcut答案C解析句意为：我找到了房子的主人，租下它并暂住下来。8A.but BalthoughCotherwise Dfor答案A解析句意为：当地人对我一无所知，但是，慢慢地他们开始教我成为邻居的艺术。9A.benefit BlessonCnature Dart答案D解析benefit利益，好处；lesson课程，教训；nature自然；art艺术。10A.sticking BlookingCswinging Dturning答案A解析句意为：他们放下毛毡，蜡烛和工具，并且开始留下来聊天。stick around徘徊，逗留；look around环视；swing around到处摇摆；turn around转身。11A.wild BrealCdifferent Dremote答案C解析句意为：他们开始另一种不同美国梦的信念，它不是个人的成就而是睦邻友好之梦。12A.neighborliness BhappinessCfriendliness Dkindness答案A解析neighborliness和睦，邻人之谊；happiness幸福；friendliness友好；kindness善良。13A.unique BexpensiveCrare Dnecessary答案D解析句意为：我最初相信这些东西，在文明生活中是必需的，在这种地方是不存在的。14A.Up BDownCDeep DAlong答案A解析句意为：在山上面，我最有价值的财产是与邻居的关系。up在上文中有出处。15A.cooperation BrelationshipsCsatisfaction Dappointments答案B解析cooperation合作；relationships关系；satisfaction满意；appointments预约。16A.reality BsocietyCtown Dlife答案C解析句意为：四年后，我搬回了城市。根据上文的countryside可推出。17A.creating BlosingCquitting Doffering答案B解析句意为：我看到许多人生活艰辛，失去工作和家园。create创造；lose失去；quit放弃；offer提供。18A.put in Bturn inCtake in Dget in答案C解析句意为：我租了一间足够大的房子，可以容纳许多人。put in放入，提交；turn in上交，告发；take in收容(某人)，收留(某人)住宿；get in进入，收获。19A.yards BsheltersCcamps Dcottages答案B解析句意为：如果我们不团结起来，我们都将住在庇护所里。yard庭院；shelter庇护所，收容所；camp营地；cottage小村庄。20A.when BwhatCwhether Dhow答案D解析句意为：它并不关乎我们为自己得到什么，而是关乎如何协作。.阅读理解You may think that sailing is a difficult sport，but it is really not hard to learn it.You do not need to be strong.But you need to be quick.And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First，you must ask yourself，“Where is the wind coming from？Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？” You must think about this all the time on the boat.The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Lets start with the wind blowing from behind.This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction.Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat.It should be at a 90 angle (角度) to the boat.Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side，it is blowing across the boat.In this case，you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.It should be at a 45angle to the boat.It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind，but it shouldnt flap (摆动)It shouldnt look like a flag on a flagpole.If it is flapping，it is probably out too far，and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible.If you try，the sail will flap and the boat will stop.You may want to go in that direction.It is possible，but you cant go in a straight line.You must go first in one direction and then in another.This is called tacking.When you are tacking，you must always keep the sail inside the boat. (2012大纲全国，B)1What should you consider first while sailing?ASailors strength.BWave levels.CWind directions.DSize of sails.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“First，you must ask yourself，Where is the wind coming from？.”可知要进行帆船运动，首先要知道的就是“风向”。A项“水手的力气”；B项“海浪的等级”；D项“帆的大小”均不符合题意。2What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe boat. BThe wind.CThe sail. DThe angle.答案C解析细节理解题。根据后面的“.to catch the wind.”可知只有风帆才能“鼓满风”，因此答案应为C项。3What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?AMove in a straight line.BAllow the sail to flap.CLower the sail.DTack the boat.答案D解析细节理解题。文章最后一段主要是说明逆风行船的问题，根据“It is possible，but you cant go in a straight line.You must go first in one direction and then in another.This is called tacking.”可知A、B、C三项均不符合题意。故D项正确。4Where can you probably find the text?AIn a popular magazine.BIn a tourist guidebook.CIn a physics textbook.DIn an official report.答案A解析推理判断题。一般的科普性说明文大多刊登在杂志上，而不会出现在“旅游指南”“物理课本”里，更不可能出现在“官方报道”中。.短文改错Dear Stephen，I am writing to tell you about my problem over my teacher.I dont know what to deal with it.You know I am crazy about space travel.In my spare time I often went to the library to find something to read.This makes my teacher very angrily.To him，good marks are everything and I should spend more time in my lessons.I think healthy hobbies are helpless for our studies.If I can achieve balance between my schoolwork and my hobby，it will be of valuable to my future development.But I dont think my teacher understands me.I feel worse about that.What shall I do？Can you offer me some suggestions？I am looking forward to hear from you.Best wishes!Li Hua答案Dear Stephen，I am writing to tell you about my problem my teacher.I dont know to deal with it.You know I am crazy about space travel.In my spare time I often to the library to find something to read.This makes my teacher very .To him，good marks are everything and I should spend more time my lessons.I think healthy hobbies are for our studies.If I can achieve balance between my schoolwork and my hobby，it will be of valuable to my future development.But I dont think my teacher understands me.I feel about that.What shall I do？Can you offer me some suggestions？I am looking forward to from you.Best wishes!Li Hua考点5细节理解之细节转换与是非判断题真题解密LONDONA British judge on Thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake(假冒的) bomb detectors(探测器)to 10 years in prison，saying the man hadnt cared about potentially deadly consequences.It is believed that James McCormick got about $77.8 million from the sales of his detectorswhich were based on a kind of golf ball finderto countries including Iraq，Belgium and Saudi Arabia.McCormick,57，was convicted(判罪) of cheats last month and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London.“Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people，”Judge Richard Hone told McCormick.“You have neither regret，nor shame，nor any sense of guilt.”The detectors，sold for up to $42,000 each，were said to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air.But in fact they “lacked any grounding in science” and were of no use.McCormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya，the prison service in Hong Kong，the army in Egypt and the border control in Thailand.“I never had any bad results from customers，” he said.(2013四川，C)39Why was McCormick sentenced to prison?AHe sold bombs.BHe caused death of people.CHe made detectors.DHe cheated in business.答案D解析细节理解题。由文章第一段的“fake(假冒的)bomb detector”可知选项D正确。40According to the judge，what McCormick had done_.Aincreased the cost of safeguardingBlowered peoples guard against dangerCchanged peoples idea of social securityDcaused innocent people to commit crimes答案B解析细节理解题。由文章第四段法官Richard Hone 所言“Your cheating conduct.promoted a false sense of security and.”可知选项B为正确答案。41Which of the following is true of the detectors?AThey have not been sold to Africa.BThey have caused many serious problems.CThey can find dangerous objects in water.DThey dont function on the basis of science.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可排除A项；B、C两项文中未提及；根据文章倒数第三段第二句可知这种探测器没有科学依据，故选D项。42It can be inferred from the passage that McCormick_.Asold the equipment at a low priceBwas wellknown in most countriesCdid not think he had committed the crimeDhad not got such huge profit as mentioned in the text答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知McCormick认为自己没有犯罪，故选C项。技巧归纳细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。(1)语意转换题，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。(2)图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用“文字锁定法”，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。(3)是非判断题，采用对号入座法和排除法。对号入座法就是根据关键词返回原文，找出相关内容，从中找出答案。正确答案与原文表述可能有出入，但意思一样，万变不离其宗。排除法，针对是非判断题中的“三错一对”或“三对一错”类试题，要求仔细阅读文章，比较选项与原文的异同，然后做出正确判断。趁热打铁The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits.Here are some findings and expert advice.1How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a batteryoperated toothbrush.Brush gently for 2 minutes，at least twice a day.2How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?Finding：Seniors，on average，bathe fewer than 3 days a week.And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend.Step：We touch our faces around 3,000 times a dayoften inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth，nose，and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle.And，most important，wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3How often do you think about fighting germs?Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.Step：Be aware of germs.Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs，keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds. (2013安徽，A)56What is found out about American seniors?AMost of them have good habits.BNearly 30%
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