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Period Six 语法专题 定语从句(II)&形容词和副词的比较等级写作专题 如何写调查报告栏目索引语法专题 定语从句（II）&形容词和副词的比较等级一、定语从句()1.关系副词关系副词where，when和和why的用法的用法(1)where在从句中作地点状语，定语从句修饰的是表示地点的名词。在从句中作地点状语，定语从句修饰的是表示地点的名词。Can you tell me the office where he works?你能告诉我他工作的办公室在哪儿吗？你能告诉我他工作的办公室在哪儿吗？This is the place where we first met.这就是我们第一次相遇的地方。这就是我们第一次相遇的地方。(2)when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，其先行词通常是表示时间的名词。指时间，在从句中作时间状语，其先行词通常是表示时间的名词。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我仍然记得我第一次来北京的那天。我仍然记得我第一次来北京的那天。He came at a time when we needed him most.他在我们最需要他的时候来了。他在我们最需要他的时候来了。(3)why指原因或理由，在从句中作原因状语，其先行词多为指原因或理由，在从句中作原因状语，其先行词多为reason一词。一词。Do you know the reason why he is absent?你知道他缺席的原因吗？你知道他缺席的原因吗？(4)关系副词和关系代词的选择关系副词和关系代词的选择引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词除了起连接先行词和从句的作用外，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词除了起连接先行词和从句的作用外，它们还有一个最重要的作用，那就是它们分别在定语从句中充当成分，在它们还有一个最重要的作用，那就是它们分别在定语从句中充当成分，在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语从句中的成分，若从句中缺主语、选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语从句中的成分，若从句中缺主语、宾语或表语，那么要用关系代词；若从句中缺少状语，就要用关系副词。宾语或表语，那么要用关系代词；若从句中缺少状语，就要用关系副词。Ill never forget the days when we spent our,holidays together.( (when在从句中作状语在从句中作状语) )Ill never forget the days which/that we spent,together.( (which在从句中作在从句中作spent的宾语的宾语) )比较比较我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。答案用适当的关系副词填空用适当的关系副词填空(1)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.(2015天津天津)(2)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.(2015陕西陕西)(3)Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.(2014福建福建)(4)I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2014湖南湖南) 高考高考链接链接1 wherewhenwherewhen2.“介词介词which/whom”结构结构(1)“介词介词which/whom”结构的用法结构的用法“介词介词which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词系副词when，where，why。She still remembers the day on which(when) she won the prize.她仍然记得她获奖的那一天。她仍然记得她获奖的那一天。“介词介词(短语短语)which/whom”在定语从句中作目的、方式状语。在定语从句中作目的、方式状语。There is a big window in my room through which I can see the railway station.我的房间有一个大窗户，通过它我可以看见火车站。我的房间有一个大窗户，通过它我可以看见火车站。“不定代词或数词或名词不定代词或数词或名词of which/whom”在定语从句中作主语。在定语从句中作主语。I read some books，the cover of which are yellow with years.我读过一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。我读过一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。“介词介词which/whom”在含被动结构的定语从句中作状语，表示动作在含被动结构的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。的执行者。The man by whom the little boy was beaten was arrested this morning.今天上午打小男孩的那个人被逮捕了。今天上午打小男孩的那个人被逮捕了。(2)关系代词前介词的选择关系代词前介词的选择可以依据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词来选用介词，也可以依据从句的可以依据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词来选用介词，也可以依据从句的相关动词来选用。相关动词来选用。The train on which Im traveling is for Shanghai.我乘坐的火车是去上海的。我乘坐的火车是去上海的。In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。答案.用适当的介词或关系代词填空用适当的介词或关系代词填空(1)Creating an atmosphere which employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015浙江浙江)(2)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.(2015安徽安徽)(3)He wrote many children s books，nearly half of were published in the 1990s.(2015重庆重庆) 高考高考链接链接2 inwhichwhich.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.Third，we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing，especially bath water for which is quite a lot，and that will save much water. (2012大纲全国大纲全国，短文改错，短文改错) _2.There，Katia will introduce me to some of who her friends，one of has been to China several times.(2011重庆，短文改错重庆，短文改错) _答案去掉去掉forwhowhom3.It is also a window which we can learn about American society.(2008重庆，短文改错重庆，短文改错) _答案window后加后加through二、形容词和副词的比较等级1.形容词和副词的比较等级的几种常见结构形容词和副词的比较等级的几种常见结构(1)比较级比较级and比较级，表示比较级，表示“越来越越来越”。The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.这个新城市变得越来越美丽了。这个新城市变得越来越美丽了。(2)the比较级比较级.，the比较级比较级.，表示，表示“越越，越，越”。The longer you stay，the better (it will be).你待的时间越长越好。你待的时间越长越好。The more tickets you sell，the more money you will get.你卖的票越多，挣的钱越多。你卖的票越多，挣的钱越多。(3)“.as原级原级as.”表示前后两者程度相同，在否定句中常用表示前后两者程度相同，在否定句中常用“.not so/as原级原级as.”或或“.less原级原级than.”结构。结构。Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).亨利和彼得一样是个好工人。亨利和彼得一样是个好工人。My handwriting is not as/so beautiful as yours.(My handwriting is less beautiful than yours.)我的书法不如你的漂亮我的书法不如你的漂亮。(4)more.than.与其说与其说，不如说，不如说，可表示一个人的两种品质的，可表示一个人的两种品质的比较。比较。Ann acts quite unfriendly.I think shes more shy than unfriendly.安的举止非常不友好。安的举止非常不友好。与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。(5)“否定词比较级否定词比较级”最高级最高级He has never spent a more worrying day.他度过了最担心的一天他度过了最担心的一天。(6)“the最高级最高级(名词名词)表示范围的短语或从句表示范围的短语或从句”表示三者或三者以表示三者或三者以上中程度最上中程度最。Mary is the tallest of the four girls in the family.玛丽在家中四个姑娘中是最高的一个。玛丽在家中四个姑娘中是最高的一个。The vase is the least expensive of them.这款花瓶是它们中最便宜的。这款花瓶是它们中最便宜的。2.比较等级的修饰语比较等级的修饰语(1)比较级的修饰语常用比较级的修饰语常用much，even，still，yet，(by)far，a lot，a great deal，a little，rather，some，any等。等。The students study even harder than before.学生们学习比以前用功多了。学生们学习比以前用功多了。Things are far worse than expected.情况要比预料的糟得多情况要比预料的糟得多。(2)最高级的修饰语常用序数词，以及最高级的修饰语常用序数词，以及much，(by)far，nearly，almost，the very，not nearly，not quite等。等。Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买其价格仅次于最贵价格的照相机。我想买其价格仅次于最贵价格的照相机。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the river.目前正在建着的大桥是横跨这条河的最长的桥。目前正在建着的大桥是横跨这条河的最长的桥。3.倍数比较级的几种常用句式倍数比较级的几种常用句式(1).times as形容词原级形容词原级as.The table is 3 times as big as that one.这张桌子是那张的三倍大。这张桌子是那张的三倍大。(2).times the性质的词性质的词of.The table is 3 times the size of that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。(3).times形容词比较级形容词比较级than.The table is twice bigger than that one.这张桌子比那张大两倍。这张桌子比那张大两倍。答案.用所给词的正确形式填空用所给词的正确形式填空Andy is content _ the toy.It is the best he has ever got.(2015四川四川).单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)(1)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.(2015陕西，短文陕西，短文改错改错) _ (2)I understood that he missed us just as many as we missed him.(2013辽宁，短文改错辽宁，短文改错) _ 高考高考链接链接3 withbetterbestmanymuch答案(3)I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.(2012新课标全国，短文改错新课标全国，短文改错) _(4)The doctor says he is recovering fast than expected and will be out of hospital in a few weeks.(2009陕西，短文改错陕西，短文改错) _littlelessfastfaster答案.用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空1.It is reported that two schools，both of are being built in my hometown，will open next year.2.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.3.We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people，most of _ are healthy.4.The excuse he didnt come is unbelievable.5.Because of the financial crisis，days are gone local 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.n 当堂达标 检测巩固whichwherewhomwhywhen答案.句型转换句型转换1.The factory and the church are equally old.The factory is the church.2.This route is less interesting than the others.This is .3.Im not as clever as you.Youre me.4.A computer would calculate a more precise figure.A computer would calculate the figure .as old asthe least interestingroutecleverer thanmore precisely5.The old wallpaper wasnt as nice as the new one.The new wallpaper is the old one.6.How reliable a machine is depends on what it costs.The more a machine costs， it is.7.No other city in Scotland is as big as Glasgow.Glasgow is in Scotland.8.This year the first snow has come later than last year.Last year the first snow came this year.返回答案nicerthanthe more reliablethebiggest cityearlier than一、概述一、概述本单元讲的调查报告是针对某一现象、某一事件或某一问题进行深入细本单元讲的调查报告是针对某一现象、某一事件或某一问题进行深入细致的调查，对获得的材料进行认真分析研究，发现本质特征和基本规律致的调查，对获得的材料进行认真分析研究，发现本质特征和基本规律之后写成的书面报告。在英语书面表达训练中，我们经常会遇到这一类之后写成的书面报告。在英语书面表达训练中，我们经常会遇到这一类写作题，要求同学们根据调查结果，对某种现象进行分析并谈谈自己的写作题，要求同学们根据调查结果，对某种现象进行分析并谈谈自己的看法，写一份调查报告。看法，写一份调查报告。 写作专题 如何写调查报告n 基础点拨【文体指导文体指导】二、具体写作步骤和写作方法二、具体写作步骤和写作方法写调查报告要写明调查的原因、调查过程、调查结果以及你得出的结论。写调查报告要写明调查的原因、调查过程、调查结果以及你得出的结论。一般而言，写调查报告时要从以下几个方面进行分析和写作：一般而言，写调查报告时要从以下几个方面进行分析和写作：首先，根据题目中所给的现象和问题做一些客观的介绍，通常使用的时首先，根据题目中所给的现象和问题做一些客观的介绍，通常使用的时态是一般现在时。这类题目一般会给出一个图表、列举一些数据或一些态是一般现在时。这类题目一般会给出一个图表、列举一些数据或一些事实。我们首先要描述这个图表中的信息。常见的写作方法有事实。我们首先要描述这个图表中的信息。常见的写作方法有：1.按调查的先后顺序逐点写；按调查的先后顺序逐点写；2.按事物发展的阶段来写；按事物发展的阶段来写；3.将两种事物进行对比，以显示其是非、优劣，找出其差异来写；将两种事物进行对比，以显示其是非、优劣，找出其差异来写；4.按调查对象的特点分门别类来写按调查对象的特点分门别类来写。其次，分析这些数据或事实反映出的问题。这部分不是调查报告的主体，其次，分析这些数据或事实反映出的问题。这部分不是调查报告的主体，通常用一两句话阐述就可以。但要做到通常用一两句话阐述就可以。但要做到“一针见血一针见血”，即观点提炼准确、，即观点提炼准确、鲜明。鲜明。最后，通常在文章的最后一段阐述作者个人的看法和建议。最后，通常在文章的最后一段阐述作者个人的看法和建议。1.According to a survey.2.Ive made a survey and find that.3.A recent study shows that.4.No one could have failed to notice the fact that.5.As far as I know.6.Some.while some.7.I think.8.In my opinion.9.I hope.10.I advise that.【常用句式常用句式】假设你是李军，你在假设你是李军，你在9月月6日给当地环保局写一份报告，报告你们家乡的日给当地环保局写一份报告，报告你们家乡的北湖北湖(North Lake)的现状，内容应包括以下要点：的现状，内容应包括以下要点：1.北湖曾经是旅游景地，水清鱼多；北湖曾经是旅游景地，水清鱼多；2.现在由于工农业污染和当地渔民的过度捕捞，湖水受到污染，鱼类几近现在由于工农业污染和当地渔民的过度捕捞，湖水受到污染，鱼类几近枯竭；枯竭；3.你的建议你的建议n 佳作构建【写作任务写作任务】注意：注意：1.词数词数100左右。左右。2.介绍上述所有内容，并适当发挥；介绍上述所有内容，并适当发挥；参考词汇：环保局参考词汇：环保局The Bureau of Environmental Protection；增强；增强的的意识意识strengthen the awareness of.第一步明确要求第一步明确要求该写作属于报告类写作，故该写作属于报告类写作，故以以 人称人称为主；在叙述北湖污染现状时为主；在叙述北湖污染现状时以以 _时态时态为主；在提建议时注意应该合理且中肯。为主；在提建议时注意应该合理且中肯。第二步确定段落第二步确定段落本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手： Para.1： _Para.2： _Para.3：_ 【审题谋篇审题谋篇】第三第三一般现在时一般现在时首先描述北湖的污染现状；首先描述北湖的污染现状；对北湖的污染现状进行总结概括；对北湖的污染现状进行总结概括；提出合理化建议。提出合理化建议。答案第三步词汇热身第三步词汇热身1.名胜名胜 _2.对对负责负责 _3.总之总之 _4.提高提高的的意识意识 _5.谋生谋生 _第四步扩点成句第四步扩点成句1.北湖过去是一处风景名胜，里面的水非常干净，有各种各样的鱼。北湖过去是一处风景名胜，里面的水非常干净，有各种各样的鱼。(一般表达一般表达)North Lake used to be a place of interest.The water in it wasa place of interestbe responsible forin conclusion/in one(a) wordraise the awareness ofmake a living答案very clear.There were various fish in it.(高级表达高级表达)North Lake used to be a place of interest， the water was very clear， there were various fish in it.2.水被污染了，大部分污染来自于工农业的废物。水被污染了，大部分污染来自于工农业的废物。(一般表达一般表达)The water has been polluted and most of the pollution comes from industrial and agricultural waste.(高级表达高级表达) the pollution coming from industrial and agricultural waste，the water has been polluted.in whichandDue to答案To：The Bureau of Environmental ProtectionFrom：Li JunDate：6th SeptemberSubject：The situation of North LakeNorth Lake used to be a place of interest，in which the water was very clear，and there were various fish in it.Every year many visitors come to North Lake.But now the situation of it is becoming worse.Due to the pollution coming from industrial and agricultural waste，the water has been polluted.Therefore the fish in it are becoming fewer and fewer because of the chemical waste and overfishing by the fishermen.【连句成篇连句成篇】Its difficult to find whos responsible for the situation.In conclusion，a certain department needs to do something to handle the problem，or the fish in it will altogether disappear.First，it should prevent the pollution.Second，it should educate the fishermen to raise the awareness of environmental protection.Finally it should help the fishermen to find other ways to make a living. 文章内容充实，结构合理。作者首先通过今昔对比陈述北湖的污文章内容充实，结构合理。作者首先通过今昔对比陈述北湖的污染现状；然后提出合理的建议；要点齐全，表达规范流畅。合理的使用染现状；然后提出合理的建议；要点齐全，表达规范流畅。合理的使用了了and，therefore，in conclusion，first，second，finally等词汇进行过渡，等词汇进行过渡，使得文章更加流畅。同时定语从句，使得文章更加流畅。同时定语从句，it作形式主语等复合句的使用，增添作形式主语等复合句的使用，增添了文章的语言色彩。了文章的语言色彩。【亮点点评亮点点评】返回
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