英语写技巧与模式

作文常用词语与句型模式得高分四要素a) 书写卷面工整。（作文没有草稿纸，也没有打 草稿时间，要训练一次写成功。）b) 不要全部套模块。c) 单词句子要有亮点，比如：I think可以写成：in my eyes; I firmly think; personally, I think. d) 无重大语法错误。如：Some people are begin.; There are some people want .; Why happen these things?(Why+ 助动词+主语)等，考试会得低分。1.开头：Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern. 最近,问题已引起人们的关注. Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题. Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face. 如今,(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了. It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that/人们一般认为 Many people insist that很多人坚持认为/ A lot of people seem to think that很多人似乎认为 With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为 2引出不同观点: Peoples views on vary from person to person. Some hold that . However, others believe that. 人们对的观点因人而异.有些人认为. 然而其他人却认为 People may have different opinions on 人们对可能会有不同的见解. Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异. There are different opinions among people as to 关于. 人们的观点大不相同. Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同. 3结尾 1.Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that 把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论 Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that 考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论 Hence/Therefore, wed better come to the conclusion that 因此,我们最好得出这样的结论 There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点. All in all, we cannot live without But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之,我们没有是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题. 4. 提出建议: It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了. It is time to take the advice of and to put special emphasis on the improvement of 该是采纳的建议,并对的进展给予特殊重视的时候了. There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of 毫无疑问,对问题应予以足够的重视. Obviously,. If we want to do something , it is essential that 显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是 Only in this way can we 只有这样,我们才能 It must be realized that 我们必须意识到 5. 预示后果: Obviously, if we dont control the problem, the chances are that will lead us in danger. 很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险. No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that 毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会 It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展. 6. 论证 From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that 我无法完全同意这一观点. Personally, I am standing on the side of 就个人而言,我站在的一边. I sincerely believe that 我真诚地相信 In my opinion, it is more advisable to do than to do. 在我个人看来,做比做更明智. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why 7. 给出原因: This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, Second, Third, 这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先, 第二, 第三, Why did ? For one thing For another. Perhaps the primary reason is 为什么会? 一个原因是 令一个原因是 或许其主要原因是. I quite agree with the statement that the reasons are chiefly as follows. 我十分赞同这一论述,即,其主要原因如下: 8. 列出解决办法: Here are some suggestions for handling 这是如何处理某事的一些建议. The best way to solve the troubles is 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是 People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题. 9. 批判错误观点和做法: As far as something is concerned, . 就某事而言, It was obvious that 很显然,. It may be true that, but it doesnt mean that 可能是对的,但这并不意味着 It is natural to believe that , but we shouldnt ignore that 认为.是很自然的,但我们不应忽视. There is no evidence to suggest that 没有证据表明 10. 如何连接 强调 ：still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially. Obviously, clearly. 比较 ：like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally. 对比 ：by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast. 列举 ：for example, for instance, such as, take for example. Except (for), to illustrate. 时间 ：later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while. 顺序 ：first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important. 可能 ：presumably, probably, perhaps. 解释：in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms. 递进 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again. 让步：although, after all, in spite of, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen. 转折：however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately. whereas 原因：for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to. 结果：as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence. 总结：on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short. 其他：Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case, 图表作文常用句型 As is shown in the graph 如图所示 The graph shows that 图表显示 As can be seen from the table, 从表格中可以看出 From the chart, we know that 从这张表中,我们可知 All these data clearly prove the fact that 所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即 The increase of . In the city has reached to 20%. .在这个城市的增长已达到20%. In 1985, the number remained the same. 1985年,这个数字保持不变. There was a gradual decline in 1989. 1989年,出现了逐渐下降的情况. 现象解释型、应用文、记叙文、和图表文章四种题型。A现象段落模仿练习：当前校园中存在许多作弊的现象.Currently, college students in growing numbers are seeking to cheat in exams. According to a recent survey made by Mary Wang, head editor of the 21st Century, there are about 38.6% who had some cheating behaviors at college, even in College English Test. Such an phenomenon has caused wide public concern.主题句1. Recent years, become more and more .Its estimated that .2. Currently, people have to face the problem of .3. Nowadays more and more people are beginning to realize that . For example, .B对比段落模仿练习： 1. 有些人决定毕业后读研. 2. 有些人决定毕业后工作. 3. 我的看法.Should college students go to work immediately or pursue their post graduate study after graduation? When it comes to such a question, people opinion varies widely from person to person. Some people consider . In their eyes, . Besides, is also an important factor for .However, some other hold that . According to them, . And, .Personally, I am in favor of the former/later idea. For one thing, . For another, . Therefore, as mentioned above, will be my choice.主题句1. Currently, college students in growing numbers are seeking to cheat in exams, and peoples opinions/attitudes/views are mixed/divided on this point.2. Different people have different views on3. There is no complete agreement among people as toC原因段落模仿练习: 许多大学生毕业后找不到工作这一现象的原因是. . .After careful consideration, we can find three possible reasons to account for this trend. First of all, the expansion and amalgamation of universities provide chances for more students to receive higher education, but the job market cannot develop at the same speed. Whats more, the situation is even worse with those students who unanimously chose the hot majors such as economics and accounting. In the third place, many students think too highly of themselves-they choose not to work at all if they are not satisfied with the job. They may think the pay is not satisfactory or the job is not decent at all.模仿练习: Video Games1.许多学生沉迷于电子游戏/网络聊天. 2.这一现象的原因是. 3.解决办法是.主题句1. Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this social phenomenon.2. Several reasons can account for this phenomenon,3. In my mind, the reasons why the Internet surfers are on the rise are as follows.4. Have you ever thought of the famous proverb A man is known by the company he keeps? To me, it is meaningful and significant in three respects.句式联系法Firstly,.Secondly,.Thirdly,.For one thing,.For another,.Finally,.In the first place,.In the second place,.Finally,.On one hand,.On the other hand,.First of all,.In addition,.Consequently,.To begin with,. whats more, .last but not the least,D解决办法段落模仿练习：当前校园中许多大学生找不到工作的解决办法The solutions to this problem seem more than clear on this occasion. Most important of all, the government should create more job opportunities. Moreover, university authority should be extremely careful in enrolling new students, taking into consideration of the job market. Last but by no means least, we should do our best to study hard and to learn skills by participating social practice.主题句1. It is, therefore, necessary that efforts should be made to stop pollution as early as possible.2. We should take immediate measures, for if the present situation continues as before, serious outcome will come up.3. It is high time that efforts should be paid to put.under control.E结尾段落-个人观点模仿练习：近年来出现了允许在读大学生参军的现象，我对这一现象的看法.(赞成)In my mind, I welcome this practice with applause. For one thing, the strict training will be invaluable to a young man, making him stronger both in body and in mind. For another, college students will help improve the quality of PLA soldiers as a whole, because they possess professional knowledge and skills. In addition, it is also a crucial move to help students be more patriotic and responsible, linking personal fortune with future of our motherland.模仿练习：现在有些孩子上学很早， 我不同意这种做法。（反对）1. Personally, I am in favor of2. Weighting up these two arguments, I am for3. As discussed above, each side has its advantages and disadvantages. If I have to make a decision, Id prefer A to B, for the following reasons. 段落写作Computers-Our Electronic Brain Nowadays computers have been widely used in China.(1)(主旨句) We can easily find all kinds of computers everywhere especially in large cities.(2)(扩展句) Many Chinese usually call PC computers electronic brains.(3)(扩展句) Computers have become our faithful friends and companions because they can help us so much.(4)(扩展句) Computers are useful in may ways.(5)(主题句) As we all know scientists use computers to run experiments analyze data and solve large equations.(6)(扩展句) Engineers use computers to automatically control complicated industrial production design circuits and machine parts or even spaceships.(7)(扩展句) Writers and editors use computers to write books edit newspapers and magazines.(8)(扩展句) And office workers use computers to write manage files send and receive emails conduct statistical surveys of all kinds of information etc.(9)(扩展句) Computers are also widely used at homes.(10)(扩展句) Small kids use it to do homework to surf internet and to play games.(11)(扩展句) The list of computer application is really endless and more new applications are still developing.(12)(段落小结句) In short computers do a variety of jobs from routine office work to research work of science and technology.(13)(总结句) Though computers do not think intelligently as men with good software they can carry out missions impossible for human beings.(14)(扩展句) In the information age without computer it would be difficult to imagine modern life.(15)(扩展句) （218 Words）主题句、扩展句与结束句主旨句指的是整篇文章的主题和写作的“大前提”，一般放在语篇起始处，而且一般都在第一段。举例如下： 1、The lengthy holidays have caused unexpected great travel craze and brisk economic activities. Holiday spending however adds fuel to the Chinese economy which in turn leads to the creation of a new term “Holiday Economy”. But Meanwhile it sparks a hot debate about it. 2、Nowadays with the rapid development of IT and information industry cell phones play an important role in townspeoples life. But like everything else they have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. 主题句一般位于句首，表明段落所表述的主要意思，其他句子围绕它来扩展。举例如下： 1、However others point out the constant use of such an electronic dictionaries may cause many problem. First the definitions in the entries are very limited. In addition there are not enough explanations patterns or examples to illustrate the correct usage of a word. Sometimes some explanations are so simple that they may cause misunderstanding. Last but not least the constant use of this study aid can make people too much attached to the dictionary and become lazy which will lead them to form a passive lazy attitude towards learning. 2、From primary school to college students teachers parents-all are struggling for high scores. This is because the current education system is not aimed at students quality but only at developing their ability to perform well on the test. As a result many students even those with high scores often do poorly when it comes to the practical application of the knowledge and theories they have learned. 扩展句（包括实例说明句、观点推导句、过渡句）泛指那些用来解释和支持主题句的陈述语句。举例如下： 1、In the first place an airplane is the fastest means of transport. It takes the time for one to travel from one place to another. Secondly traveling by air is convenient and comfortable. Moreover long-distance flights may render busy persons a full self-relaxation. （实例说明句） 2、Through tourism China has on the one hand had her culture spread to and known by the world. On the other tourism has increased Chinas national income and at the same time provided much more employment for our nation. In one word it has made great contributions to our national development. （观点推导句） 3、However some problems have also arisen from tuition and fees for college education. Specifically some fees have been overcharged by （过渡句） 结束句（总结句）表示语篇写作所需要的“结论”，特指一些劝说力强、具有总结、概括性的语句。举例如下： 1、In our view since China opened up in reform we have had better understanding of the culture history and literature of American and we have learned about a lot of American Presidents. 2、First the government should lay counter-laws to stop the operation of commercial fishing. Second it is a world problem so all the governments must determine to punish people who will fish too much. To conclude it is clear that the future for fish will be bright with the solution of the problem.引言段的写作 一篇短文的引言非常重要，其作用犹如段落的主题句。引言段的写作取决于写作目的，读者和文章体裁。一个好的引言既可开宗明义地点明主题，又可吸引并暗示读者正文的内容及表达方法以引导读者进行有效阅读。请看下面介绍的引言段的写作方法。 1、演绎法 将主题句放在段首。开门见山推出文章主题，使读者对文章将要讨论的内容一目了然，然后列举文章所要讨论的细节。这些细节排列决定了文章的正文内容的安排，这符合人类从概念到具体的思维方式。 引言段：English is among the most difficult subjects to learn. First English pronunciation is quite different from that of Chinese. Second it has a large vocabulary. Finally idioms are really troublesome. They are usually not grammatical and even if they are grammatical we may fail to arrive at their meanings. 2、归纳法 由一般性的背景介绍逐步过渡到文章主题句。这种安排符合人们从具体到概念的思维习惯，也就是从感性到理性的认识规律。 引言段：With all the wealth power health standard luxuries of life and the abundance of food in the United States it might be surprising to most people that American rank only sixth in the world in longevity of life. There are many reasons for this low record but the main one has something to do with Americans eating habit. 3、设问法 即提出问题来引出文章主题，以吸引读者注意力。 引言段：Are you afraid of high places or water? If so you suffer from one of the most common phobias which are strong persistent but unreasonable fears. The fear of high places (Acrophobia) and water (Hydrophobia) are only two of the more than seven hundred phobias classified by psychologists.4、引用名言 即摘录或引用格言、名句或谚语作为文章开头。 引言段：The good old proverb “Rome was not built in a day” reminds us that great things are never done without much time and labor. Roma the capital of the greatest empire in history and one of the most advanced cities nowadays indeed was built through the labor of many great men who had strived against difficulties. 5、定义法 当所论述的主题的基本概念比较抽象或读者不太熟悉时，通常用定义法做必要的解释说明。 引言段：Intelligence refers to a mans ability to understand and learn. It may vary from person to person. Some people may become more intelligent while others may be less. 6、数据 列举醒目的数据或资料来引起读者的注意，然后进入主题。在图表作文中常常引用数据作为文章的开头。 引言段：The two graphs show the daily water intake and output which each totals about 2500CC. 结尾段的写作 文章的结尾段与引言段同样重要。引言段是文章主题的提要，结尾段则是对文章的归纳和总结。它可再次吸引读者并给读者留下深刻印象。结尾段的写作方式也取决于文章的类型，常见的结尾段的写作方法有以下几种： 1、重申主题 重申主题，即再次强调和肯定文章引言段中阐述的中心思想，是一种极为普遍的结尾方式。 结尾段：There is enough evidence showing how invalid the certificate is in evaluating the overall abilities and qualities of an applicant and therefore we should consider many other facets of an applicants qualifications rather than feeling satisfied with just the paper certificate. 2、归纳文章要点，加深读者印象 即将前面各段中所讨论的内容缩写、归纳和整理，进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。 结尾段：In my opinion a balance of these two kinds of activities might be more useful to those who live in retirement. In other words physical activities are necessary for good health but intellectual recreation provides the most pleasure. 3、提出建议，提出解决方法 这种方法特别适合用于讨论问题的文章，比如对某事的原因或结果的分析，提出建议或解决方法。 结尾段：On the whole as a pernicious hobby smoking will do you more harm than good. For your own health please keep away from smoking. 4、展望未来 即在文章结尾处表示对未来的期望或号召读者采取行动。 结尾段：However it may be that we still have a long way to go before we have a clear world. Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control air pollution. There indeed seems to be no end to tasks that environmentalists will be required to do. People will continually find new ways to control pollution. 5、引用格言、谚语或习语总结全文 结尾段：Not until then did I understand the meaning of the proverb “Helping others is the source of happiness.” 6、提出问题，无须回答 即形式为问句，而意义是肯定的，具有很明显的强调作用，发人深思。 结尾段：In spite of what we hear to the contrary modern doctors deserve the money they earn. If we consider the cost and time of years of schooling they must coop with the time required as an intern doctor the cost of equipment they must purchase and the long hours spent in their offices is it appropriate they be paid well for their time knowledge and skills? 课后练习 用指定方式完成下列结尾段： 1、提出建议： Therefore to control population growth more strictly is clearly essential to the countrys reforms and economic development. We should_ _. 2、提出问题： Therefore listening and spoken English abilities must be consciously improved. Since the two abilities are such important means of learning and communication why_ _. 3、引语： Later risers may find it very hard to get into the habit of early rising. They ought to make special effort to do so. As the English proverb says “_ _. 4、展望未来： Once mastered English is useful in many ways. You can read English books and other publications; you can talk to a native speaker; you can write a letter to your friend etc. You can even pay a visit to France or Russia even though you dont know French or Russian since English_