高中英语语法 倒装句课件

倒倒 装装定义定义 英语句子的自然语序是英语句子的自然语序是“主语主语+谓语谓语”。如果将谓语。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为“倒装倒装”。倒倒 装装分类分类分为分为全部倒装全部倒装和和部分倒装部分倒装：谓语全部放在主语之前，为谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装全部倒装；只把助动词、连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为只把助动词、连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为部分部分倒装倒装。倒装原因倒装原因一、一、 语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）；语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）；二、为了强调；二、为了强调；三、保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密衔接。三、保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密衔接。 全部倒装全部倒装 （谓语全部放在主语之前）（谓语全部放在主语之前）此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时1.there be句型。句型。其中其中be动词有时可用动词有时可用exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear, remain, happen 等词代替。（全部倒装）等词代替。（全部倒装）1) There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom.2) There lay a winding brook in front of an old house.2.方位词方位词in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及等以及now, then置于句首时，谓语置于句首时，谓语动词常用动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等，并且句子的主语是名词。等，并且句子的主语是名词。为以示强调或为了使情景更生动为以示强调或为了使情景更生动, 要全部倒装。（全部倒装）要全部倒装。（全部倒装）1) Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday. 2) Now comes your turn to sweep the floor.注意：注意：主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。Away they went. (=They went away.)3.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。（全部倒装）（全部倒装） “Whats up, Tom?” asked Mother. “The car is mine,” said Tom.注意：注意：主语是代词时，不倒装。主语是代词时，不倒装。“The car is mine,” he said.4.为了句子结构平衡的需要为了句子结构平衡的需要,或为了强调状语或为了强调状语(常为介词短语常为介词短语)，或为了使上下文紧密衔接，有时将状语提前。或为了使上下文紧密衔接，有时将状语提前。（全部倒装）（全部倒装）1)They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.2)Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island.5.主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要,将表语将表语提前。提前。（全部倒装）（全部倒装）1）Inside the pyramid are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.2）Gone are the days when we are enslaved.6.such和和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序。连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序。（全部倒装）（全部倒装）1）Such was not his intention.2）Such are the facts.部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装把助动词、连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前部分倒装把助动词、连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前1.用于疑问句。用于疑问句。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1）Shall everything be ready before you arrive?2） What can I do for you?注意：疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒。注意：疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒。1） Who can work it out?2） How many students have read this book? 2.用于省略用于省略if的虚拟条件从句中，的虚拟条件从句中，should / were / had 置于置于句首。句首。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1)Had I not adopted my teachers advice, I would have made such a serious mistake.2) Should I earn money, I should live better. 3. so, as, neither, nor, no more 表示前面的情况也适合于另表示前面的情况也适合于另一人或物时。一人或物时。(部分倒装部分倒装)1） Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 2） If you wont go, neither will I.注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定、确认，主谓不注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定、确认，主谓不倒装。倒装。1)Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 2) Its raining hard. So it is.4. 含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, not only, hardlywhen, in no case, by no means, no soonerthan, many a time, often 等。等。 （部分倒装）（部分倒装）1)Not until the 19th century was the written examination probably known.2)Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship.3)Not a single mistake did he make.1. (2012辽宁高考辽宁高考)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago_ having a holiday abroad.A. he had considered B. had he consideredC. he considered D. did he consider【解析】【解析】选选D。考查倒装句。句意。考查倒装句。句意:直到三年前他从教育行直到三年前他从教育行业退休业退休,他才考虑出国度假。他才考虑出国度假。Not until位于句首时位于句首时,主句要用主句要用部分倒装。故排除答案部分倒装。故排除答案A和和C。又因为题干中的。又因为题干中的three years ago提示要用一般过去时提示要用一般过去时,故选故选D。【高考链接】【高考链接】2.（2011福建高考）福建高考）Its nice. Never before_ such a special drink!Im glad you like it. A. I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I【解析】【解析】选选C。考查部分倒装。句意：。考查部分倒装。句意：太好了。我以前太好了。我以前从没喝过如此特别的饮料！从没喝过如此特别的饮料！我很高兴你喜欢它。表示否我很高兴你喜欢它。表示否定意义的词，如：定意义的词，如：never, hardly, no, not等放在句首时，句子等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装。而本题所考查的时态是强调对现在的影响，要用部分倒装。而本题所考查的时态是强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时，故选用现在完成时，故选C。注意注意1：修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装：修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装I have never seen such a performance.注意注意2： 如否定词不在句首不倒装如否定词不在句首不倒装1) Not only is she a good singer, but also she is a good dancer.2) Neither did he watch TV nor did he go to the cinema.5.only + 状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）放在句首时。状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）放在句首时。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning.2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other. 1. (2014湖南高考湖南高考)Only when you can find peace in your heart_ good relationships with others.A.will you keepB.you will keepC.you kept D.did you keep【解析】【解析】选选A。考查倒装。句意。考查倒装。句意:只有当你在内心中找到和平只有当你在内心中找到和平,你才能与他人建立起良好的关系。题干为你才能与他人建立起良好的关系。题干为only+状语状语(从句从句)位于位于句首所引起的倒装句首所引起的倒装,主句应用部分倒装结构主句应用部分倒装结构,且根据语境且根据语境,此处表此处表将来的情况将来的情况,故应用将来时态。故应用将来时态。【高考链接】【高考链接】2.（2011湖南高考）湖南高考）Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _ a decision.A. they reached B. did they reachC. they reach D. do they reach【解析】【解析】选选B。考查倒装结构。句意：讨论这个问题数小。考查倒装结构。句意：讨论这个问题数小时后他们才作出决定。时后他们才作出决定。“Only+状语从句状语从句”置于句首时，置于句首时，主句的主谓要进行部分倒装，即可排除主句的主谓要进行部分倒装，即可排除A、C两项。根据两项。根据前面的过去完成时态，这里要用一般过去时。故选前面的过去完成时态，这里要用一般过去时。故选B。6.“so /such +表语表语/状语状语 + that从句从句”结构中的结构中的so 或或such引引导的表语导的表语/状语放在句首时。状语放在句首时。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1）So frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all.2）Such a lovely child is he that all of us love him.7.用于形容词（名词用于形容词（名词/动词）动词）+ as/though的让步状语从句中。的让步状语从句中。（特殊倒装）（特殊倒装）1)Proud as they are, they are afraid to see us.2)Child as he is, he knows a lot.3) Try hard as they would, they could not lift the box.8.方式副词方式副词well或频度副词或频度副词often, many a time, always, once, every two hours,以及以及then开头的句子。开头的句子。(部分倒装部分倒装)1)Often did I remind him not to do that.2)Many a time has he made the same mistake.9.在在no soonerthan, hardlywhen, not onlybut also句句型中型中, 前面的句子要部分倒装。前面的句子要部分倒装。1）No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.2） Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.注意注意: not onlybut also, neithernor连接两个主语时不连接两个主语时不倒装倒装Not only he but also I went to the park.10. 用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。(部分或全部倒部分或全部倒装装) 1）May you succeed / be happy!2) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!1.(2014大纲版全国卷大纲版全国卷)_the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A.Not do onlyB.Do not onlyC.Only not doD.Not only do【解析】【解析】选选D。考查倒装结构。句意。考查倒装结构。句意:护士们不仅想涨工资护士们不仅想涨工资,而且还想减少工作时间。根据句意和句子结构可知而且还想减少工作时间。根据句意和句子结构可知,逗号前逗号前面是面是not only位于句首构成的倒装句。位于句首构成的倒装句。not only位于句首引位于句首引导句子时导句子时,用部分倒装用部分倒装,即把助动词放在主语前面。即把助动词放在主语前面。【高考链接】【高考链接】2.(2014陕西高考陕西高考)No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.A.had Mo YanB.Mo Yan hadC.has Mo YanD.Mo Yan has【解析解析】选选A。考查倒装。句意。考查倒装。句意:莫言一登上舞台莫言一登上舞台,观众就报以观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner.than.一一就就,no sooner所所在的句子用过去完成时在的句子用过去完成时,位于句首时要把位于句首时要把had提前构成部分倒提前构成部分倒装。装。3. (2013辽宁高考辽宁高考)At no time _the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.A. they actually brokeB. do they actually breakC. did they actually breakD. they had actually broken【解析】【解析】选选C。考查倒装。句意。考查倒装。句意:他们绝对没有违反比赛规他们绝对没有违反比赛规则则,惩罚他们是不公平的。惩罚他们是不公平的。at no time放在句首放在句首,句子要倒句子要倒装。故排除装。故排除A和和D两项。又根据句中的时态是一般过去时两项。又根据句中的时态是一般过去时,所以选所以选C。4.(2013湖南高考湖南高考)Not once _ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.A.occurred itB.it did occurC.it occurredD.did it occur【解析】【解析】选选D。考查倒装句。句意。考查倒装句。句意:迈克尔从来没想迈克尔从来没想过有一天他会成为班里的一名顶尖学生。过有一天他会成为班里的一名顶尖学生。not为否定为否定词词,放在句首用部分倒装放在句首用部分倒装,故选故选D。5.(2013新课标全国卷新课标全国卷) Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _ properly in this hospital.A. can be the patients treated B. can the patients be treatedC. the patients can be treated D. treated can be the patients【解析】【解析】选选B。考查倒装。句意。考查倒装。句意:在这所医院里在这所医院里,只有医生的数只有医生的数量增加量增加50%,病人才能得到妥善地治疗。病人才能得到妥善地治疗。“only+状语状语”位于位于句首句首,句子用部分倒装句子用部分倒装,即把助动词放在主语之前。由此可知选即把助动词放在主语之前。由此可知选B。6.(2013福建高考福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important.A.had he realizedB.did he realizeC.he realizedD.he had realized【解析】【解析】选选B。考查倒装。句意。考查倒装。句意:直到他经历了真正的艰难困直到他经历了真正的艰难困苦苦,他才意识到我们对家庭的爱是重要的。他才意识到我们对家庭的爱是重要的。not until属于否定属于否定意义的词意义的词,放在句首放在句首,主句要用部分倒装主句要用部分倒装,根据句意可知根据句意可知realize这这一动作应发生在一动作应发生在went through之后之后,故用一般过去时故用一般过去时,因此选因此选B。【课堂训练】【课堂训练】1.We laugh at jokes, but seldom _ about how they work. A. we think B. think weC. we do think D. do we think2.You forgot your watch when you went out.Good heavens, _. A. so did I B. so I didC. I did so D. I so did3. In the north of our town_ ,which dates back to theMing Dynasty.A. stands an old temple B. an old temple does standC. does an old temple stand D. an old temple stands4. No sooner_ put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.A. he had B. had he C. does he D. he was