景观规范专辑六其他景观设计规范集合

微设计|景观规范专辑（六）-其他景观设计规范集合2014-02-22 微设计 一、小区消防设计规范另详：微设计|景观设计规范专辑（一）-小区消防车道设计规范二、停车场设计规范另详：微设计|景观设计规范专辑（二）-停车场设计规范三、常用室外运动场地设计规范另详：微设计|景观设计规范专辑（三）-常用室外运动场地设计规范四、高尔夫球场设计规范另详：微设计|景观设计规范专辑（四）-高尔夫球场设计规范五、屋顶花园设计规范另详：微设计 | 景观规范设计专辑（五）-屋顶花园设计规范摘要六、其他景观设计规范整合：（道路宽度、坡度；植物覆土；踏步、坡道；场地排水等）（1）车道1.道路纵坡： 1.1居住区道路纵坡控制坡度(%)；L为坡长。 1.2在地形坡度较大的个别困难地段，道路纵坡极限值不宜大于11%，其坡长不大于80m，路面应由防滑措施。2.道路横坡：机动车、非机动车道路横向坡为1.5%-2.5%。人行道横坡为1.0%-2.0%3.道路宽度：3.1居住区级道路：红线宽度不宜小于20m。3.2 小区级道路：路面宽6.09.0m;建筑控制线之间的宽度，需敷设供热管线的不宜小于14m;无供热管线的不宜小于10m;3.3 组团路：路面宽3m-5m;建筑控制线之间的宽度，需敷设供热管线的不宜小于10m;无供热管线的不宜小于8m;3.4 宅间小路：路面宽不宜小于2.5m;3.5 双车道：W=6.09.0m(场地主干道双车道宽度，小型车双车道最小宽6米，大型车双车道最小宽7米)单车道： W=3.54m;(车道兼具回车通道作用，应按照停车场标准设计车道宽度) 4.转弯半径机动车最小转弯半径：(道路内路牙最小半径)6.0m：车长不超过5米的三轮车、小型车。9.0m：车长6-9米的一般二轴载重汽车、中型车。12.0m：车长10米以上的的铰接车、大型货车、大型客车等大型车。基地出入口转弯半径应适量加大。5.道路与建筑物间距道路边缘至建、构筑物的最小距离(m)表注：1.摘自城市居住区规范设计规范(GB 5018093)(2002年版)2.居住区道路的边缘指红线;小区路、组团路及宅间小路边缘之路面边线;当小区设有人行便道时，其道路边缘指便道边缘。3.建、构筑物无组织排水，则为散水边缘至道路边缘。（2）人行道人行道宽：不小于1m，并按照0.5的倍级递增。路牙要求：车行与人行道之间路牙地面高度在100200之间;人行与草坪之间宜0120。（3）停车场1.居住区内地面停车用地面积以小型车计算，停车场宜设置在行车方便、距建筑外墙面约6m，尽量不影响居民生活宁静和不影响景观环境地段。2.机动车停车场用地面积按照当量小汽车位数计算。停车场用地面积每隔停车位为2530，停车位尺寸以2.5m*5.0m划分(地面划分尺寸)。3.当量小汽车换算系数表车辆类型各种车辆外轮廓尺寸(m)车辆换算系数注：本表摘自汽车库建筑设计规范JCJ100-98。4.停车场的停车方式，根据地形条件以占地面积小、疏散方便、保证安全为原则，主要停车方式有平行式、斜列式、垂直式三种。其中间最小距离以小型车为例，停车方式见下图平行式 斜列式垂直式5.停车场最小坡度0.3%，与通道平行方向的最大纵坡为1%，与通道垂直方向为3%。6.居民汽车停车率不应小于10%;7.居住区内地面停车率(居住区内居民汽车的停车位数量与居住户数的比率)不宜超过10%;8.居民停车场、库的布置应方便居民使用，服务半径不宜大于150m;9. 居民停车场、库的布置应留有必要的发展余地。10.自行车停放每个车位按1.51.8，摩托车每隔车位为2.52.7。（4）绿化覆土1.地下设施覆土绿化构造层包括防水层、隔根层、排水层、过滤层、栽植土壤层、植被层。2.如挖槽原土基本为自然土质(湿容重约为16001800kg/m3)，可回填实施绿化。回填厚度300cm，最低不小于150cm。不应回填渣土、建筑垃圾土和有污染的土壤。3.如地下设施覆土厚度仅为150cm，为防止部分植物根系穿透防水层，需在防水层上面铺设隔根层。可用高密度聚乙烯土工膜、PVC卷材等多种材料，如用PVC卷材，厚度12mm，搭接宽度6cm。如地下设施边缘有侧墙，则应向侧墙面上翻2535cm，排(蓄)水设施必须铺设在隔根层的上面。4. 为了防止栽植土壤经冲刷后细小颗粒随水流失，造成土壤中的成分和养料流失，并堵塞排水系统。应在排(蓄)水层上面铺设过滤层，并具有较强的渗透性和根系穿透性。可用级配砂石、细沙、土工织物等多种材料。如用双层土工织物材料，搭接宽度必须达到1520cm，覆土时使用器械应注意不损坏土工织物。5.地下设施覆土绿化植物根系生长适宜的覆土厚度一览表大乔木根系生长：150300cm中、小乔木根系生长：100150 cm大灌木根系生长：6080 cm小灌木根系生长：4050 cm宿根花卉根系生长：3050 cm一、二年生花卉根系生长：20306.威海规定：居住区地下车库屋面覆土不应低于1.5m，在居住区集中公共绿地下设置地下停车库时，屋面覆土不应低于2.5m。（5）植物树木与地下管线最小水平距离(m)注：1本表摘自公园设计规范CJJ 48-922 水平距离指：乔木地径外缘及灌木分枝外缘距管道外缘的净距。此注也适用于下表。树木与地面建筑物、构筑物外缘最小水平距离(m)注：1本表摘自公园设计规范CJJ 48-92（6）踏步与坡道1.踏步1.踏步常用高度及宽度，H=0.120.15m，W=0.30m0.35m;2H+W=6065(cm)。2.可坐踏步： H=0.200.35m，W=0.400.60m。3.连续踏步数最好不要超过18级，18级以上应在中间设休息平台，平台不小于1.20m。2.坡道最小净宽1.5米，平台最小净深2米。纵坡不大于2.5%扶手：室外踏步级数超过了3级时，残障人轮椅使用扶手： H=0.68m0.85m。缘石坡道现通用三面坡及扇面坡，坡道下口高出车行道地面高差不得大于20mm。见图（7）场地排水坡度1.各种场地的使用坡度(%)场地名称适用坡度最大坡度备注密实性地面和广场0.33.03.0平原地区最大坡度应为1%，山地最大坡度为3%。2.软质地表的排水坡度(%)注：1.摘自公园设计规范CJJ 48-922.人力修剪机修剪的草坪坡度不宜大于25%。（8）空间尺度1.在场地设计中D/H=1,2,3为最广泛应用的数值。实验证明：D/H=1：当处于45仰角时，是观赏任何建筑细部的最佳位置，相当于视点距离建筑物等高的位置;D/H=2：当处于27仰角时，视点距建筑物有建筑物2倍的距离，这时，及能观察到建筑的细部，又能感觉到对象的整体性，进则观察细部，退则观察整体，乃观察建筑的最佳观察点。D/H=3：当处于仰角18时，视距相当于建筑物高度的3倍，能感觉到以周围建筑为背景的十分清楚主体对象。2.人能较好的观赏景物的最佳水平视野范围在60以内，观赏建筑的最短距离应等于建筑物的宽度，即相应的最佳视区是54左右，大于54便进入细部审视区。3.垂直界面对空间的划分与控制作用，与其高度及相对距离有很大的关系，因而在处理外部空间时，还要考虑建筑的高度(H),与围合空间的间距(D)之间的比例关系。以人站在建筑围合空间的正中央为例。D/H在1与2之间时空间最为紧凑。在苏州园林中经常见到此类型空间D/H=2时，中心垂直视角45，可观察到界面全貌，视线仍集中于界面西部，具有较好的封闭感。D/H=4时，中心垂直视角为27，是观察完整界面的最佳位置，为空间封闭感的上限。故欲在广场和庭院营造围合感，其空间D/H不宜大于4。此点时界定围合与开敞的分界点。D/H大于4时，两界面间相互间的影响已经薄弱了，没有围合之感。4.广场空间适宜尺度6m左右可看清花瓣，2025m可看到人的面部表情，这一范围通常组织为近景，作为框景，导景，增加广场景深层次。中景约为70100m，可看清人体活动，一般为主景，要求能看清建筑全貌。远景150-200m，可看清建筑群体与大轮廓，作为背景起衬托作用。作为人们休闲、活动的文化性广场，尺度是由其共享功能、视觉要求、心理因素和规划人数等综合因素考虑的，其长、宽一般应控制在2030m左右为宜。在居住建筑或一般公共场地，尤其应该注意，忌大而空。（9）其他心理安全距离： L=3.0m谈话距离： L0.70m座椅：高0.35-0.45m;座面倾角6-7;座面宽0.4-0.6m;靠背与座面夹角98-105;靠背0.35-0.65。单人椅： L=0.60m左右，双人椅：L=1.20m左右，三人椅： L=1.80m左右。桌：高0.65-0.7m;面宽0.7-0.8(四人用)。水深：人工水体进岸附近2.0m范围内水深不得大于0.7m，否则应设护栏;无护栏的园桥、汀步附近2.0m范围内水深不得大于0.5m。儿童泳池水深0.5-1.0m为宜，成人泳池水深1.2-2m为宜。养鱼因雨种类不同而异，一般池深0.8-1.0m，并需保证水质的措施。水生植物深度视不同植物而异，一般浮水植物(睡莲)水深要求0.5-2.0m，挺水植物(如荷花)水深要求1.0m左右。汀步：步距0.5m栏杆：低栏杆：H=0.20.3m;中栏杆：H=0.80.9m;高栏杆：H=1.11.3m。栏杆净空不大于0.11米。亭：H=2.403.00m，W=2.403.60m，立柱间距=3.00m左右。廊：H=2.202.50m，W=1.802.50m。照明灯：庭院灯一般高度为3-4m，间距一般为15-20米左右;草坪灯一般高度为0.3-1m左右，间距一般为5-8m左右。举报 （英文版 ） easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the and , lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management, strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the and is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do comply with and . To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to the supervision of concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement , do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to draw the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have enough time to reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusioned after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, completely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Dont always take everything back to things, and dont get into a blind alley, dont want to face, dont be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, Im afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell dont 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can sympathize with you, have mercy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth,Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to open ones mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also dont envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but never know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, maam, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, dont envy him A sum of, dont lose your life and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things. 14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are, you cannot change also cant let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate of the end. Why is too rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of obsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sailing, please dont despair, the coast is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, life will always be endless trouble, please dont helpless, because they are still alive, is still a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to get, must work to; but the most important is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is choose to be happy. The complex world like aSignificance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, outside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep knowledge of living it to pay the price. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the joy. Suffering and joy is their own choice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let the past be the past, let the future come. Life is really the end of the end of an eagle is flying wings, life is constantly pursuit. Dont miss to regret, dont wait for old just miss. Time to return, seize every moment, again painstakingly again tired also Those struggling to fly. 23, life could not Yimapingchuan, even flat pavement, inevitably there will be a few pieces of roadblocks. Some of the rocks around the past, while others have to move it out. Just move others put the stone is very easy, because the stone from the appearance we can discern; difficult to myself to move away the heart of stone head. Leave time to spend with her, often reflect my heart, so as to remove your heart of stone. 24, everything does not have to be demanding, come to, everything does not have to care about, over the past; failing to do not frown, laugh it laugh. Results Dont demand, do to; life is a simple, calm and peaceful. Always not to choose their own path and regret, life is like a train, the scenery and then the United States will retreat, the passage of time and encounter will eventually drifting further and further away, before is always himself. 25, everyone has a weakness, weakness is true humanity. That has no weakness, a shallow person. That people think there is no weakness, mostly false. Life has shortcomings, there are shortcomings is the real life. That no one regret, or childish or numbness or Self deception. It is in tolerance of weakness and so on to accept, people live happily.Hello, everyone! I am a party member. The title of my speech is: study and implement the partys two laws, doing practical play highway. 2015 October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the implementation of the and Chinese Communist Party discipline and punishment regulations. We Heyuan male passers-by to respond positively to the call of the Central Committee of the party, earnestly organize the study party two regulations, truly grasp the essence and gist, and in their respective positions, to hold the bottom line of the discipline, build a strong ideological line of defense, with the courage to play, the courage to fight tough and fearless spirit, at the crucial moment well to complete the task, with practical action to test the study and implement effect Because of discipline in the * * * * * * * * * * * story. Here, let me to cast a brick to attract jade, speak about our highway. Highway line section of the road surface transformation project, last year towards the country seized will be seized one of the items. To complete this arduous task, as a project management office director Comrade, keep in mind from the Communist Party membership, recognize and identify the bottom line, strict management, and strict adherence to the quality of the project. He not only set an example, honesty and self-discipline, but also requires the management of all the members of the O.K., do not eat the construction unit one meal, do not accept the construction unit a ceremony. In this way, they didnt really dare to adhere to the principle. No comrade, constantly put on reworking an emergency meeting to Comrade Zhen to speak louder, management tube too strict. Remember in Dongguan Street, 400 meters long cement concrete surface layer, because of various reasons, the smoothness of the poor in the bottom cavity, covering film traces and car imprinting quality problems, * * * inquiries, immediately rushed to the scene to understand and verify the situation, the convening of the management office, the construction units, supervision units, construction units, construction units construction time is tight, the economic loss and other reasons to intercede * unmoved. He said, now a popular word, to the discipline and rules quite in front, there are no rules Radius, you construction team not accordance with the technical specifications, quality problems, it must be to carry out rectification. Engineering quality responsibility be weightier than Mount Tai, if we manage to this matterPavement quality quantity are placed the matter, we this time to learn two regulations have what use? Still what is the Communist Party? Finally, in his insisted, the road after rework, to solve these problems. In the construction of the new comrades and the project all the colleagues efforts, after four months of fighting, the project the main project was finally completed and passed inspection. Thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles Piao, this is a splendid and romantic scene. But snow for the highway, it is a disaster, a serious threat to the traffic safety. This year, a month, a century of cold wave swept from North to south, and the snow blowing to Guangdong, but also to bear the blow To * * * * the highway. In January on the evening of 23, Lianping county city temperatures dropped to minus 2 degrees, a wide range of sudden rain sleet, before and after the provincial S341 line in Jiulianshan Mountain tunnel sections of the road appeared in the snow, lead to the passing vehicles skid, traffic is blocked. In the face of the sudden natural disasters, city and county highway department immediately launched the emergency plan for disaster prevention. As the front line of the main force, Lianping Highway Bureau of all Party members and cadres to remember the Party member responsibility, braving the biting cold wind, the first time rushed to the scene, on the icy pavement of salt disposal. Because the temperature is too low, just melt water immediately freezes, addition to the ice work to increase the difficulty. To ensure In addition to the re organization of the depths of the traffic safety, road people braved the icy put reflective cones and warning signs, endure cold at minus 2,3 of Jiulianshan patrols until one in the morning. Just before dawn, Lianping Highway Bureau personnel on the icy road salt ice melting processing until ten oclock, ice melting ice success, the road gradually returned to no