英语国家概况考试题Word版

传播优秀Word版文档 ，希望对您有帮助，可双击去除！英国部分 看到37题1. What is the full name of the United Kingdom? It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2. What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles? They are Great Britain and Ireland. 3. What are the four political divisions部门 of the United Kingdom? They are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 4. Why does the United Kingdom have a mild climate, even though it lies farther north than our Heilongjiang Province? Because Britains climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream墨西哥湾流. 5. How many metropolitan areas does England have? England has seven metropolitan areas. 大都市 6. What is the backbone of England? It is the Pennines.奔宁山脉 7. What is the largest lake in the British Isles? It is Lough Neagh. 內伊湖 8. From what languages is English derived由而来? English is mainly derived from the Anglo-Saxon and Norman-French languages. 9. What is an eisteddfod?诗人 An eisteddfod is a Welsh festival of poetry, music and other arts. 10. What have the Scottish people been famous for? The Scottish people have been famous for their close-knit clans, colorful plaid kilts, and skill as fierce warriors. 组织严密的家族、格子服饰、凶猛的战士技能 11. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation? Britain was under the Roman occupation for nearly 400 years. 12. Why was the Roman impact upon影响 the Britons surprisingly limited有限的? The Roman impact on the Britons was surprisingly limited because the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class奴隶阶级 and they never intermarried with与通婚 the native Britons. 13. When did the Anglo-Saxons begin to settle使定居 in Britain? The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the 5th century. 14. When did England begin to be Christianized? 基督化 England began to be Christianized in 597. 15. What was the result of the Synod of Whitby惠特比宗教 in Yorkshire约克郡 in 664? The result of the Synod of Whitby was that the Roman missionaries传教士 gained the upper hand上风 over the Celtic missionaries. 在这次宗教会议上，罗马天主教占了优势16. What was Harold哈罗德 doing when he was informed of the invasion of Northumbria by Tostig and Harold Hardrada? He was in the south preparing to resist the expected attack from Normandy. 17. Where did Harold defeat 战败 Tostig and Hardrada? Harold defeated Tostig and Harold Hardrada at Stanford Bridge. 斯坦福球场 18. By whom was William crowned加冕 King of England in Westminster Abbey? 威斯敏斯特教堂 William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey by the Archbishop of York. 约克大主教随着哈罗德德死亡，安各鲁撒克逊人之英国消失了，在威斯敏斯特大教堂，约克大主教加冕威廉为英格兰国王19. What did William do after he suppressed the Saxon risings in the north? He built a string of defense castles 城堡to ensure his military军队 control of the whole country.20. Was the Norman Conquest the last successful invasion of England? Yes. The Norman Conquest was the last successful invasion of England because England has never been invaded since. 21. Why did William I give his barons large estates房地产 in England? William I gave large estates to his barons because he wanted to get a promise of military service and a proportion of the lands produce. 22. What was the peculiar 特权feature特色 of the feudal system封建制度 of England? All landowners, big and small, took the oath宣誓 of allegiance效忠 for the land they held, not only to their immediate直接 lord主, but also to the king. 23. Why did William I have the Domesday Book compiled? 末日宣判书 William I had the Domesday Book compiled because he wanted to have a reliable record of all his land, his tenants承租人 and their possessions拥有；财产 and to discover how much his tenants could be asked to pay by way of taxes. 24. What was William I s policy towards the church? He wanted to keep it completely under his control, but at the same time to uphold支持鼓励维持 its power. 25. Why did Henry II make Thomas Becket Archbishop大教主 of Canterbury? He thought that Thomas Becket would assist him in carrying out贯彻实施 legal reforms改革. 26. What brought Henry II into collision 冲突矛盾with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury? The exceptional异常的 privileges特权 enjoyed by the clergy神职，牧师 brought Henry II into collision with Thomas Becket. 27. What are the two aspects of the Norman legacy遗产 that contributed to great domestic国内 unrest 动荡in England in the 12th and 13th centuries? One was Englands possession占有 of territory领土 in France. The other was Norman adherence 依附坚持to Roman Catholicism. 28. Who was the French national heroine during the Hundred Years War who helped the French to drive the English out of France? Joan of Arc.圣女贞德 29. When did the government establish rules for the first time to keep down wages? The government established rules for the first time to keep down wages in 1351. 30. How many peasant 农民in Kent肯特 and Essex艾塞克斯 were killed by Richard II s troop？ 40,000 peasants in Kent and Essex were killed by Richard IIs troops. 31. What were the emblems of 象征the Houses of York and Lancaster? The emblem of the House of York was a white rose and the emblem of the House of Lancaster was a red rose. 32. What was the impact影响 of the Wars of the Roses on feudalism in England? The Wars of the Roses dealt处理分配 a death blow 打击to feudalism 封建主义in England. 33. How did Elizabeth I try to avoid troubling Parliament too often for pounds? She tried to avoid troubling Parliament by making strict economies at Court. 34. What questions did Elizabeth I treat as personal and private? These questions were her religion, her marriage, her foreign policy, the succession to the throne, and her finance. 35. How did Elizabeth I manage to maintain in friendly relationship with France? She managed to maintain a friendly relationship with France through her marriage alliances which were never materialized. 具体化 36. When was Mary Queen of Scots executed? Mary Queen of Scots was executed in 1587. 37. What did the destruction of the Spanish Armada show无敌舰队? It showed Englands superiority as a naval power.海上强国 制海权 38. What was the long-term result of the Gunpowder Plot? 火药阴谋 The long-term result of the Gunpowder Plot has been an annual celebration of November 5, when a bonfire is lit to burn a guy and a firework display显示炫耀 is arranged. 39. What was Puritanism清教 noted for因而著名? It was noted for simple dress, high moral standards and very egalitarian平等 attitudes. 40. What is a constitutional宪法 monarchy君主? A constitutional monarchy is one whose power is limited by Parliament. 41. What did the Whigs stand for in the early 19th century? They stood for a reduction减少 in Crown patronage, sympathy towards Nonconformists非国教, and care for the interests of merchants and bankers. 42. Why did changes in farming methods affect lives of millions in the 18th century? Changes in farming methods affected lives of millions in the 18th century England because village and agriculture were the backbone of England at that time. 43. What did the land owners want to do in the late 18th and early 19th centuries? They wanted to replace the small farms cultivated on the “open-field” system by larger, economically more efficient farms with hedge-divided fields. 44. Why was King George III nicknamed “Farmer George”? King George III was nicknamed “Farmer George” because he was very enthusiastic热衷 about agricultural changes at Winsor. 45. What were the two events which most alarmed the British ruling classes 统治阶级in the closing decades数十年 of the 18th century? They were the American War of Independence and the French Revolution. 46. When did the British begin to transport convicts罪犯 to Australia? The British began to transport convicts to Australia in 1788. 47. What was the result of the general strike打击罢工 of 1926? The strike failed. The miners were forced to return to work with longer hours and lower wages even than before. Yet, outside the mining district, the strike seemed to have improved relations between the workers and the middle classes. 48. Why did Edward VIII abdicate 退位in 1936 after a reign of 10 months? Edward VIII abdicated because he wanted to marry Wallis Simpson, a twice-divorced 离婚American. 49. When did Britain finally become a full member of the European Economic Community? 欧共体 Britain finally became a full member of the European Economic Community in January,1973. 50. Why was Mrs. Thatcher removed from office in 1990? It was because of her opposition反对 to European Union and her imposition征收强加 of an extremely unpopular flat-rate 固定税率“poll tax”人头税 in place of property taxes to pay or local government service. 61. Where does the Sovereigns coronation加冕 take place?发生举行 The Sovereigns coronation takes place at Westminster Abbey in London. 62. When is the Sovereigns birthday officially celebrated? It is officially celebrated in June every year. 63. What does the Duke of Edinburgh do when the Queen pays state visits to foreign governments? He accompanies her. 64. Where does the Queens expenditure arising from public duties come from? The Queens expenditure arising from public duties comes from the Civil List and government departments65. What does the term “parliament” originally mean? The term “parliament” originally means a meeting for a parley or discussion. 66. What is the main function of the House of Lords? The main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of law-making. 67. What is the Speakers task in the House of Commons英国下议院? His task is to preside over the House and enforce the rules of order. 执行顺序规则 68. How many counties are there in England and Wales? There are 53 counties in England and Wales. 69. What are the three island areas where single-tier authorities当局官方 were introduced in Scotland? They are the Orkneys, the Shetlands and the Western Isles. 70. How do local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue? They raise revenue 税收through the council tax. 81. Are British people obliged to 不得不use the National Health Service?国民医疗保健制度 No. They are not obliged to use the service. 82. What are services for elderly people aimed at? Services for elderly people are aimed at helping them live at home whenever possible. 83. What is the aim of the social security system? The aim of the social security is to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need. 84. At what age do men and women generally retire退休? Men generally retire at the age of 65, and women at the ate of 60. 85. What are the two established churches in Britain? They are the Church of England in England and the Church of Scotland in Scotland. 86. How many provinces职权省份 does the Church of England have? The Church of England has two provinces: Canterbury and York. 87. When were the first women priests ordained in Britain? They were ordained in March 1994. 88. Who founded the Salvation Army in the East of London in 1865? William Booth, a great follower of John Wesley, founded the Salvation Army. 89. Where do the people in London go to see the Christmas decorations? They go to Oxford Street, Regent Street and Piccadilly to see the Christmas decorations. 90. Why is December 26th called “Boxing Day”? December 26th is called Boxing Day because it was formerly the custom to give “Christmas boxes”, or gifts of money, to servants and tradesmen商人 on this day. 91. How many kinds of state secondary schools 国立公立are there in Great Britain? Three. They are grammar school, secondary modern school and comprehensive school. 92. When was the Open University founded? When did it begin its first courses? It was founded in 1969, and it began its first courses in 1970. 93. Why is the Open University so named? It is so named because it is “open” to all to become students. 94. How much money is spent on press advertising平面广告every year in Great Britain? About 5,100 million. 95. How much time do British people spend a day watching television? People spend an average of over three and a half hours a day watching television. 96. How are the state-run television channels BBC1 and BBC2 financed? They are financed from the sale of television licences97. How are independent channels ITV and C4 funded? They are funded entirely by advertising. 广告 98. When did the BBC begin to provide regular television broadcasts? The BBC began to provide regular television broadcasts in 1936. 99. Which sport is regarded as typically English? Cricket 板球is the most typically English sport. 100. What is a “copyright” library? It is a library which is entitled to receive a free copy of every book published in the United Kingdom.