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B 高频考点高频考点（高频高频 / 规律规律 / 技巧技巧）B4 代词代词 考 纲 解 读 1人称代词的宾格在简略答语中的使用。 2形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的用法。 3it，one，that，ones，those作替代词的用法区别。 4it表时间、天气、距离等及it作形式主语、形式宾语。 5each, every, any的用法。 6不定代词的用法。 考 情 解 读考点考点题量题量年份年份it用法用法替代词替代词不定不定代词代词其他其他代词代词2008027320092452201022552011416120123315 趋 势 解 读1近五年高考代词的考查点仍集中在不定代词上。五年高考共考查24次，占考查代词试题总量的55%。2012年高考加重了对代词it的考查。22013年高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进：(1)试题注重情景干扰，注重特定语言环境中上下文的联系，而且题干的语义结构趋于复杂。(2)加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。易易错错 警警示示 I would appreciate _if you could come and help me with my work. Athat Bit Cthis Done 易误选A、C 很多考生认为this或that可以指代事情。this常指后面要讲到的事情，that常指前面讲过的事情，于是误选A或C。动词appreciate后面常接it, it作形式宾语，其实，其真正的宾语是后面整个句子的内容。故正确答案为B。 My most famous relative of all, _who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my greatgrandfather. Aone Bthe one Che Dsomeone 易误选A、C、D 很多考生没有对句子结构进行认真分析，以致误选A、C或D。该题中句子的主干为“My most famous relative of all was Rob Sussel”，“my greatgrandfather”为“Rob Sussel”的同位语，空格处作“My most famous relative of all”的同位语，其后又接了一个由关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句，因此“My most famous relative of all”为一个特定的人，故应填上一个表示特指的代词，故选B。 The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _four percent. Aany other Bthe other Canother DOther 易误选A、B、D 选项A意为“任何其他的”；选项B意为“(特指)其他的”或“两者中的另一个”；选项D意为“其他的”。很多考生因为分不清它们的用法，且又没有理解句意， 从而误选这些答案。根据句意“经理认为价格的上涨不会再超过4%”可知，应选another。在英语中，“another基数词名词”结构相当于“基数词more名词”结构，意为“再/又”。故正确答案为C。 His father has bought many books home, but _is easy enough for him to read. Anone Bno one Cevery one Dsome one 易误选B 许多考生会根据but一词推测后面表否定意义，但是又考虑到空格后面没有介词of，于是误选B。no one通常用来指人。根据语境可知，空格后面省略了of the books, 因此正确答案为A。 I dont think weve met before. Youre taking me for _ Asome other Bsomeone else Cother person Done other 易误选A、C、D 有些考生不知道 else的用法，以致误选A、C或D项。else既可以用作形容词，也可以用作副词，意为“其他”，通常位于疑问代词、疑问副词或不定代词的后面。someone else意为“别人”，用在这里正合适。故选B。考考点点 精精析析 基 础 盘 点 热 门 考 点 1人称代词、反身代词； 2it； 3both, all, either, any, each, every, neither的用法； 4some, any, no，every与one, body, thing合成的不定 代词； 5other, another, the other, the others, others等； 6one, ones, the ones，that，those等替代； 7部分否定/全部否定。 关 注 节 点 (全国卷)Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why _？John is sitting there doing nothing. Ahim Bhe CI Dme 答案DWhy me？以宾格代替主格，表示不满情绪。热点热点41人称代词以宾格代替主格1在无谓语的简短答语中 Do you have good eyesight, young man? “Me (having good eyesight)？” asked the boy. 若答语有动词则须呈现为非谓语形式。2表示惊讶、不满、反问、不服等情绪 I hear youve been married? Me married?3than/as比较比较(不正式不正式) He is taller than me.(正式正式He is taller than I am.)4在在be动词后动词后(答语中答语中) Who is there? Its me. 反身代词 含有反身代词的惯用语 (1)与介词连用 for oneself亲自 of oneself自动地 in oneself本质上 to oneself独自(享用、坚持等) by oneself单独地 beside oneself发狂地 Jim is not bad in himself, but he always plays tricks on other people.(本质上) 吉姆本质上不坏，但他经常耍些花招戏弄别人。 One would rather have a bedroom to oneself.(for ones own private use, not to be shared独自享用) 每个人都愿意有个自己的卧室。 He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.(almost mad with anger/excitement, etc.由于气愤、激动等而近乎发狂、忘形)当听说通过了考试，他欣喜若狂。 (2)与动词连用 enjoy oneself(have a good time)玩得开心，过得愉快 Behave yourself！(Be polite! Show good manners！)规矩点！ absent oneself缺课/缺勤 devote oneself to专心于；献身于 apply oneself to专心致志于 adatp oneself to适应于 treat oneself to.用款待自己 make oneself at home不要客气 seat oneself(sit)坐 think for oneself(form ones own opinion)独立思考 一些跟oneself作宾语的动词 若去掉反身代词，则逻辑为被动 (2012陕西卷)No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. Ahim Bthis Cthat Dit 答案Dit作形式宾语。热点热点42it用法 1it代替时间、距离、温度、天气、自然现象等 It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital. 2it代替提到的事物 Ive broken a plate. It(Breaking the plate)doesnt matter. 性别不重要或不知道性别时 Its her baby. 口语答语中 Who is there? Its me. 强调句型中 Its he who often visits me. 表示与人有关的特征、情况 He is over 50 but doesnt seem it. 不了解基本情况 There comes a knock but who is it?3it代替人代替人 (详见前名词性从句热点讲析) (详见后特殊句式) 请牢记下列含it的固定用法： make it成功，做到，约定时间 as it is事实上，照原样 It depends.看情况而定。 Dont mention it.不客气。 Take it easy.别着急。4it作形式主语作形式主语/形式宾语形式宾语5it用于强调句型用于强调句型 believe it or not信不信由你 see to it that.务必 count/depend on it that.相信 take it for granted that.认为是理所当然的 take it that.认为；理解为 hate/like it when.讨厌/喜欢 appreciate it if.很高兴 cant help it if.无可奈何 when it come to.当涉及到 How comes it？这是怎么搞的？ (2012重庆卷)John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? _Ill be off to London then. AEither BNeither CBoth DNone 答案B两者全部否定。 (2012上海卷)When he took his gloves off, I noticed that _one had his name written inside. Aeach Bevery Cother Danother 答案A两者中每一个。热点热点43.根据提示完成下列句子Mr. Alcott, headmaster of the school, refused to accept _(任何)of the three suggestions made by the Students Union.There are many trees on _side(both sides)of the street._(都不)of the two cars is mine. Mine is under repair._(所有的)horses are animals, but not _(所有的)animals are horses.答案anyeitherNeitherAll；all.用each或every填空He had a cut on _foot._child in the class passed the examination._of the houses is slightly different.I asked all the children and _told a different story.答案eachEveryEacheach.单项填空(2011辽宁卷)Would you like tea or coffee? _， thank you. Ive just had some water. AEither BBoth CAny DNeither 答案D考查代词用法。句意：你想要茶还是咖啡？都不要，谢谢。我刚喝过一些水。根据答句中的“Ive just had some water.”可知此处表示两者都不要，故用neither。 But _of them are in fashion now. Aall Bboth Cneither Dnone 答案D句意：哇！你有这么多衣服啊。但是现在没有一件是跟上潮流的了。根据句意，空格处应用否定代词，故排除A、B两项。注意neither和none的用法不同：前者表示“两者都不”，后者表示“三者或三者以上都不”。(2009上海卷上海卷)Wow! Youve got so many clothes. Aother Bany Cnone Dsome 答案B句意：简被问了很多问题，但她一个都没回答。首先排除A项，因为没有“other of.”的形式；设空处前有否定词not，故排除C项和D项；any与not连用表全部否定，符合句意，故为答案。,(2009陕西卷陕西卷)Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer _of them. 1both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法都都任何任何都不都不两者两者botheitherneither三者或三者三者或三者以上以上allanynoneIve bought two books; you can have either.我买了两本书，你要哪本都行。我买了两本书，你要哪本都行。 “any名词”表示“(三个或三个以上中的)任何一个”。 “every名词”表示“(三个或三个以上中的)每一个”。 not any表全部否定，而“not every名词”表部分否定。 I have many books here, and you can take any one.我这里有很多书，你可以拿任何一本。 Every student has to take the examination. All the students have to take the examination. 每个学生都必须参加考试。2any, every的区别的区别 each强调“个体”，可作代词和形容词，指“两个或两个以上中的每一个”；every强调“全体”，只能作定语，指“三个或三个以上中的每一个”。each作同位语时，谓语动词的数与主语一致；不可用not each表部分否定。 Each of my children goes to a different school. 我的几个孩子各自在不同的学校上学。 Each of the tickets costs 10 dollars. The tickets cost 10 dollars each. The tickets each cost 10 dollars. 每张票10美元。(后两句中each作同位语) Every man is not honest.Not every man is honest.并非每个人都诚实。3each, every的区别的区别 (2012江西卷)My brother would like to buy a good watch but _was available from that shop. Anothing Bnone Cno one Dneither 答案Bnone(of good watches)没有一个。 (2012福建卷)Have you figured out how much the trip will cost? 4，000, or _like that. Aanything Beverything Csomething Dnothing 答案Csomething like有点像；大约。热点热点44somethinganythingnothingeverything某物某物具有某种性具有某种性质的人、物、质的人、物、事事任何物任何物具有任何性具有任何性质的人、物、质的人、物、事事(具体为何具体为何性质不重要性质不重要)无任无任何物何物无任何无任何价值的价值的人、物、事人、物、事所有物所有物最重要的最重要的人、物、事人、物、事1.something likea有点像有点像(外外在、非本质的在、非本质的性性质、特征质、特征)b有点有点(程度程度副词短语副词短语)something of有点像有点像(内内在、本质的性在、本质的性质、特征质、特征)anything buta一点也不一点也不b一点也不一点也不(程度副词短程度副词短语语)nothingbut仅仅仅仅 (1)Often dressed in red, he looks something like a girl. 经常穿红衣服，他看起来有点像个女的。 (2)I felt something like cold.我感觉有点冷。 (3)Rich in knowledge, he is considered something of a professor.知识渊博，人们看他像个教授。 (4)The film is anything but a success.这部电影很不成功。 (5)He is anything but foolish.他可一点也不傻。 (6)He is nothing but a doctor.他仅仅是个医生。somebodynobodyanybodyeverybody某人某人出名、出名、有有影影响的人响的人无任何人无任何人无影响、普无影响、普通的人通的人任何人任何人所有人所有人2.(1)He is somebody here.他在这里很出名。他在这里很出名。(2)Were nobody, living on salary.我们是普通人，靠工资生活。我们是普通人，靠工资生活。 3none, nothing, nobody(no one)的用法none指人或物，相当指人或物，相当于于no名词；可名词；可回答回答how many, how much的提的提问；可与问；可与of连用连用How much money do you have？None. 你有多少钱？你有多少钱？一点也没有。一点也没有。I want some more cheese, but theres none left.我想再吃点奶我想再吃点奶酪，但是一点也没剩。酪，但是一点也没剩。As we were asleep, none of us heard the sound.由于我们在睡由于我们在睡觉，因此没人听到那声音。觉，因此没人听到那声音。nothing指物；可回答指物；可回答what的提问的提问What are you doing now？Nothing.你现在在干什么？你现在在干什么？什么也没干。什么也没干。nobody(no one)指人；可回答指人；可回答who的提问的提问Who is in the room？No one/Nobody.谁在屋里？谁在屋里？没人。没人。no one无任何人无任何人nothing无任何物无任何物none无所提及的人、物无所提及的人、物 (2011上海卷)To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _ Athe other BOther Cthe others Danother 答案Danother(cup of coffee)另一杯咖啡。热点热点451.other adj.others pron.the other adj.Other n(pl.)other n(pl.)the other n(pl.)三或以上部分三或以上部分三或以上部分三或以上部分两者两者/部分部分相互代词相互代词each other基数词基数词other/moren.(常常pl.)some.others一一些些另外一些另外一些one.the other两者时两者时the other后单数后单数名词常省略名词常省略两部分时两部分时the other后跟复数后跟复数名词名词the others pron.another adj.the rest pron.the other n(pl.)another(single)代可数名词代可数名词the rest两部分两部分三或以上部分三或以上部分代不可数名词代不可数名词相互代词相互代词one anotheroneafter anotheranother基数词基数词n.(pl.)基数词基数词othern.(pl.) There is nothing else to say. 别的无啥可说的啦。 What else do you want? 其它的你还需要什么？ Would you please make it some other day？(another day) 请您另外安排一天行吗？ He will stay here for another 3 days.(3 more days) 他还要在这里待三天。 2.else adj常跟在不定代词或疑问词后常跟在不定代词或疑问词后 (2010山东卷)Helping others is a habit, _you can learn even at an early age. Ait BThat Cwhat Done 答案Done与a habit构成同位语。 (2012浙江卷)Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _of McDonalds. Athose Bones Cany Dall 答案A比较替代those代替the items。热点热点4.6 one, ones, the one， the ones, that, those的区别替代替代onea/an单数名词单数名词ones零冠词复数名词零冠词复数名词the onethe单数名词单数名词(有时偶尔可用有时偶尔可用that代代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下)the onesthe复数可数名词，有时可用复数可数名词，有时可用those代代替替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下尤其在有后置定语的情况下)thatthe单数单数/不可数名词不可数名词thosethe复数名词复数名词 Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one(a present)that I had never seen. 张先生给了我一个非常珍贵的礼物，一个我从来没见过的(礼物)。 Mr.Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones(many presents)that I had never seen. 张先生给了我很多珍贵的礼物，这些(礼物)是我从来没见过的。 The book on the desk is better than that/the one(the book)under the desk. 桌子上那本书比桌子底下那本书好。 The books on the desk are better than those/the ones(the books)under the desk. 桌子上那些书比桌子底下那些书好。 I prefer a house in the countryside to one in the city. 我宁要乡下的也不要城里的房子。 (全国卷)I havent read _of his books, but judging from the one I have read, I think hell make a very promising writer. Aany Bnone Cboth Deither 答案Cnot和both连用表示部分否定。热点热点47 Asomebody Banybody Ceverybody Dnobody 答案C根据所提供的情景some of you will have to share可判断出书籍不够每人一本。(全国全国卷卷)We havent enough books for _； some of you will have to share. (全国卷)I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _ Aeverything Banything Csomething Dnothing 答案AI dont agree with everything.是一个部分否定的句子，和前面的I agree with most of what you said.(我同意你说的大部分意见)意思相近。, 全部否定和部分否定 all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及“every名词”都表示全部肯定； no one, neither, none, nobody, nothing, not.any以及“no名词”都表示全部否定； 当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。此外，not与总括性副词如everywhere, always，wholly, completely，altogether等连用时也表示部分否定。 Not all of them smoke.All of them dont smoke. 他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。 All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 这些男孩都很聪明，但他们当中没有一个能解出这道题。 Such a thing cant be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见。名名 师师 招招 招招 鲜鲜 应从以下几方面考虑： (1)代词指代的是人还是物； (2)代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词； (3)代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念； (4)代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上； (5)代词所表示的概念是肯定的还是否定的。1.明确指代。在做题时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词明确指代。在做题时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词 所指代的对象，以避免误判。所指代的对象，以避免误判。 2理清逻辑。通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系做出正确 判断。 应从以下两方面去考虑： (1)代词所表示的范围； (2)代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。
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