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第四章第四章 动词和时态动词和时态第一节第一节 动动 词词 知识梳理知识梳理一、动词的概念与分类动词是句子中表示动作或者状态的词。根据动词的词义和在句中的作用，可以将动词划分为如下几类：二、动词的基本形式1. 情态动词:没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。如： I can play basketball well. Mike can speak Chinese. 2. be动词:根据人称和时态的不同，呈现不同形式。 如：现在时： I am very happy today. Mike is an American boy. They are playing in the snow. 过去时： He was in Grade 3 last year. We were at home yesterday. 将来时： There will be a match between Class 1and Class 2 tomorrow. 3. 助动词:不能单独在句中使用，在句中的作用是帮助构成否定、疑问等句式。如： We do not (dont) have classes on Saturdays. My father does not (doesnt) work in the hospital. Did you go swimming last weekend? 4. 实义动词:小学阶段所学的实义动词有四种形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词形式(动词的ing形式)和过去式形式。 如: (1)动词第三人称单数形式的构成一般情况下，在动词词尾加s。如：workworks，looklooks，wantwants以ch, sh, s, x, o结尾的动词，在词尾加es。如：teachteaches，washwashes，dress(装扮)dresses，fix(安装)fixes，gogoes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i，再加es。如：flyflies，crycries【注】playplays, buybuys不规则变化。如：havehas，beis (2)动词现在分词形式的构成一般情况下，在动词词尾加ing。如：gogoing，playplaying以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加ing。如：writewriting，comecoming以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写最后这个辅音字母再加ing。如：runrunning，swimswimming，shop shopping以ie结尾的动词，将ie改为y，再加ing。如： diedying，lielying (3)动词过去式的构成一般情况下，在动词词尾加ed。如：workworked，playplayed等 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，在词尾加d。如：closeclosed，arrivearrived 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i，再加ed。如：crycried，studystudied 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写最后这个辅音字母再加ed。如：stopstopped，dropdropped动词的不规则变化(见下表)考点精析考点精析考点考点1 考查动词的变化形式考查动词的变化形式【例1】根据句意和单词首字母提示填写动词，并注意其动词的形式。 1.Can you s English songs? 2.She usually g to school at 7:00. 3.Look!Amy is w TV. 4.I c my room last night. 解析:本题考查动词基本形式的写法和用法。在做此题时，不仅要考虑主语的人称，还要注意句子的时态，这样才能根据句意和首字母提示填写出动词的正确形式。第1小题应填写动词原形sing，因为情态动词can后要加动词原形。第2小题的主语是第三人称，句子又是陈述习惯性的动作。谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式goes。第3小题中的look一词提示了本题要用现在进行时，所以要用现在分词watching。第4题由last night 这一时间状语可知本题要用一般过去时，所以谓语动词应填过去式cleaned。 答案： 1. sing 2. goes 3. watching 4. cleaned举一反三 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.The cat _ (run) around the tree. 2.They are _(clean) their classroom. 3.I _(have) a cold last week. 4.Dont _ (talk) loudly in the library. 5.My mother _(make) a big cake last month. 6.What _(do) she do last night? 7.My aunt often _ (go) shopping on Sundays. 8.Sarah _(buy) a red bag yesterday.runscleaninghadtalkmadedidgoesbought考点考点2 考查助动词、考查助动词、be动词的使用动词的使用 【例2】 选择适当的助动词填空。1. He not do homework on Friday evening. 2. you have crayons? 3. Tom not read English this morning. 解析: 本题考查学生对助动词 do的三种形式的正确运用。第1小题中on Friday evening 是常态，用一般现在时，而主语he 是三单形式，所以用一般现在时的三单形式 does; 第2小题 you 是非三单形式，用do；第3小题中this morning 表示过去的时间，且过去式不受人称影响，故用did。答案：1. does 2. Do 3. did举一反三 1. 用be动词的适当形式填空。 (1) I _ in Grade Six this year. Last year， I _ in Grade Five. (2) There _ many tall buildings here now. Twenty years ago， there _ some small houses. (3) Mike and Jack _ twin brothers. They look the same. (4) I want to _ a teacher in the future. 2. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 (1) _(will) you like some tea？ (2) _ (do) he watch TV last night？ amwasarewerearebeWouldDid考点考点3 考查情态动词的使用考查情态动词的使用【例3】单项填空。 ( )He _ read the book now. A.is can B.cans C. can解析:本题考查情态动词的正确使用。情态动词can的用法很容易混淆。can和be动词或其他的助动词不能同时出现在句中；can不受人称的影响，故不存在cans的形式；在本题中还要分析清楚，now不表示现在进行时。 答案：C举一反三 1. 选词填空。 (1)_ I use your pen？ (2)What _ I do then？ (3)You _ be a middle school student. (4)We _ do something for Grandpa Li. (5) _ we go now？ ShallMay/Canshouldmustcan 2. 按要求完成下列各题。 (1) I can speak Chinese and English well. (改成否定句) _ (2) 当你想提醒朋友，让他周末要帮助妈妈做家务时，你可以说： _ _ (3) 你想告诉想要闯红灯的人，红灯必须停，你应该说： _You must stop at a red light.I cant speak Chinese or English well.You should do some housework for your mother on weekends.考点考点4 考查动词的综合运用考查动词的综合运用【例4】用read的适当形式填空。1. You can (read) the book in the library. 2. She (read) a book now. 3. Can I (read) this book now? 4. My father (read) newspapers every morning. 5. Did you （read）the comic book? Yes, I （read）it yesterday. 解析:本题围绕一个词read 展开，考查了不同时态、不同人称情况下，实义动词的用法。第1小题中can+原形动词；第2小题now表示的是现在，体现现在进行时，she 是三单形式，故而 be+动词的ing形式是本小题需要的答案；第3小题不管后面出现什么，can+原形动词；第4小题every morning 体现一般现在时，而my father是第三人称，故而动词要用三单形式；第5小题did 之后加动词原形，答句中用过去式形式, read 的过去式和原形同形。 答案:1. read 2. is reading 3. read 4. reads 5. read; read举一反三 1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 (1) We _(like) music. Now we _ (sing). (2) Lets _(go) to the cinema. (3) He _(is) ill yesterday. (4) Can you _clean) the table now？ (5) Do you _ (go) to the park on Saturdays？likeare singinggowascleango 2. 单项填空。 ( ) (1) What did he _ yesterday? A.do B.does C.did ( ) (2) He is _ with his friend. A.talked B.talking C.talksAB ( ) (3) How is he feeling?He _ better. A.feels B.is feel C.is feeling ( ) (4) What are you doing?Im _ dinner. A.cook B.cooks C.cooking ( ) (5) Dont _ TV. A.watch B.watching C.watchesACA过关检测过关检测一、按要求改写下列单词。 1.have（第三人称单数形式）_ 2.do（现在分词）_ 3.slept（动词原形）_ 4.take（动词过去式）_ hasdoingsleeptook e（反义词）_ 6.wash（第三人称单数形式）_ 7.driver（动词形式） _ 8.write（动词过去式）_ 9.sit（动词过去式）_ 10.told（动词原形）_gowashesdrivewrotesattell二、选词填空，将下列短文补充完整。 My name is Sarah.I 1._an American girl but I 2._ in Guangzhou with my parents now. My father is a teacher.He 3._English.He likes 4._ pictures. Usually myfather 5._ to work by car,but yesterday he 6. _ by bus.My mother is a nurse.She 7._ in a big hospital. She often 8._ to work.She 9._ playing baseball very much.We often 10._ it together.am live teachesdrawinggoeswentworkswalkslikesplay三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. _(be) these your shoes? 2. I can _(play) football every day. 3. I want to _(buy) some flowers for my mother. 4. Listen!Who is _(sing) over there? 5. He _(do) morning exercises every morning. 6. _ your mother _(wash) the clothes every day? 7. He _(not teach) English in our school. 8. He _(leave) his homework at home this morning.AreplaybuysingingdoeswashDoesdoesnt teachleft 9. Where _(be) the twins last night? 10. Can I _(watch) TV now? 11. My father likes _(collect) stamps. 12. Joes aunt _(work) in a factory last year. 13. We should _(help) each other. 14. The sun _(rise) in the east. 15. No _(smoke)! 16. _(have) this orange, please. 17. She _(stay) at home today. 18. Jack is good at _(run), and he is _(run) on the playground now.werewatchcollectingworkedhelprisessmokingHavestaysrunningrunning四、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Last term we _(have) eight subjects. We all _(study) very hard. 2. They _(go) to the park next Friday. 3. Its 10:00 in the morning. The pupils _(have) lessons in the classrooms now.hadstudiedwill go / are goingare having 4. My mother _(go) shopping in the morning and _(take) exercise in the afternoon every day. 5. It _(be) always rainy and foggy last weekend, but this week it _(be) much _(good). 6. My brother and my sister _(be not) in China last year. They _(go) to England to _(study) English.goestakeswasisbetterwerentwentstudy 7. Listen! Who _(sing)? Oh, this is Miss Green. She always _(sing) and _(dance) in the music room after school. Next Monday she _ (sing) for us in class. 8. _ your friends _(come) to your birthday party yesterday? Yes, and they _(give) me a lot of birthday presents.is singingsingsdanceswill/is going to singDidcomegave五、单项填空。( )1. Can I _ your bike?Sure.A. ride B. riding C. to ride( )2. My father _ a new car. He _ it very much.A. have; like B. has; likes C. has; likeAB( )3. _ he often _ his homework at school?A. Does; do B. Does; does C. Do; does( )4. What is she doing?She _.A. sings B. will dance C. is tidying her room( )5. I want to go _.A. swim B. to swimming C. swimmingA CC( )6. The sun _ down in the west.A. go B. is going to C. goes( )7. Mary often helps her mum _ the dishes. A. does B. do C. doing ( )8. I enjoy _ to music.A. listen B. listening C. listenedCBB( )9. Father _ on his coat and went out.A. puts B. put C. putting( )10. I _ to the teacher, but I didnt _ him.A. listen; heard B. listened; heard C. listened; hear( )11. He _ after he finishes his homework.A. plays B. is going to play C. played BCB( )12. What _ you _ last weekend? A. will; do B. does; do C. did; do ( )13. Tony _ to school by bike last year.A. goes B. went C. will go( )14. Mr Smith _ to see you in an hour.A. came B. comes C. will comeCBC( )15. How soon _ they _ back from work? A. do; come B. did; come C. will; come ( )16. We _ TV at home this time yesterday afternoon. A. were watching B. watch C. would watch ( )17. Where _ you this morning?I _ at a meeting. A. were; was B. are; am C. do; amCAA( )18. My friend Peter _ very well. A. swim B. running C. sings ( )19. Li Lei _ like fish, but his sister _.A. dont; do B. doesnt; does C. isnt; is( )20. Dont _ in class. Lets _ to the teacher.A. talking; listening B. talks; listens C. talk; listenCBC六、按要求完成下列句子。1.Jenny will be a doctor in the future.（改为一般疑问句）_2.He did his homework last night.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答）_Will Jenny be a doctor in the future?Did he do his homework last night?Yes,he did.3.He is _.（就画线部分提问）_4.Sarah can swim.（改为否定句）_5.My friend and I are going to play baseball next week.（用last week 改写）_What is he doing?listening to musicSarah cant swim.My friend and I played baseball last week.
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